1) The document discusses a proposal called "Megatons to Development" which aims to convert enriched uranium from dismantled nuclear warheads into nuclear fuel for power plants. This would generate an economic dividend that could be used to fund development projects in poor countries. 2) It provides details on the proposal, including that converting 8,000 warheads could generate over $4.8 billion over 10 years to support programs for health, education, renewable energy etc. 3) Adopting this approach could help reduce nuclear stockpiles while also helping reduce poverty, hunger, and carbon emissions globally in a mutually beneficial way according to the proposal.

1. 1
Moscow
May 21-24, 2010
Nuclear Conversion and Renaissance
for Development and Cooperation
General Assembly - WONUC

2. 2
Megatons to Development from nuclear disarmament
1989 1°Italian convention “ Program for nuclear disarmament – energy
for industrial strategy – world development”, LUISS University,
Rome, November 28°with the participation of Edoardo Amaldi
(scholar of Enrico Fermi), Giuseppe Rotunno, Elio Sgreccia, Mario
Silvestri, Renato A. Ricci, Vincenzo Tornetta and other promoters of
the Program.
E. Amaldi E. Fermi

3. 3
Objectives of the Program for nuclear disarmament
A main objective of the Program is the promotion of
technical-scientific studies on nuclear warheads
conversion into nuclear fuel for the production of
electrical energy.
AtomicAtomic
weaponsweapons
Nuclear powerNuclear power
plantplant

4. 4
Development of the initiative of nuclear disarmament
1992
Organization of the 1°International Symposium of sc ientists and managers from
USA, Russia, Japan and Europe on the conversion of nuclear weapons into fuel for
power plants and development, with the encouragement of John Paul II.
1993
USA-Russia Agreement on the nuclear conversion plan “Megatons to Megawatts”
regarding the conversion of 20.000 nuclear warheads.
Yeltsin
and
Clinton

5. 5
Megatons to Megawatts
With the “Megatons to Megawatts” project nuclear fuel
is being produced using Enriched Uranium coming
from the dismantlement of 20.000 Russian nuclear
warheads.
Such project implies Natural Uranium (as diluent) for
the production of nuclear fuel.

6. 6
“Megatons to Megawatts”: what evolution?
The “Megatons to Development” project proposes to produce
nuclear fuel starting from Enriched Uranium coming from the
dismantlement of other nuclear warheads in disarmament
using as diluent also the fissile coming from the reprocessed
exhausted fuel (nuclear wastes).
This project has been realized by a Group of Experts
created by Comitato per una Civiltà dell’Amore.

7. 7
The Group of Experts (GPNP)
2006
Formation of a working group constitute by different Institutions (scientific,
industrial, academic, social, NGO) for the promotion, with the EU, of the
“Megatons to Development” Program for the conversion into fuel of at
least 8.000 nuclear warheads.
GROUP of
EXPERTS
UniversitySyndicate
Italian and
international
nuclear Industry
NGOs
Comitato per
una Civiltà
dell’Amore

8. 8
Advantages coming from “Megatons to Development” Project
THE RECYCLEDTHE RECYCLED URANIUMURANIUM (coming from(coming from reprocessreprocess) IS ACTUALLY) IS ACTUALLY
STORED IN SPECIFIC AND EXPENSIVESTORED IN SPECIFIC AND EXPENSIVE SCORIAE DEPOSITSSCORIAE DEPOSITS..
STANDARD PROCESSSTANDARD PROCESS
(NATURAL URANUM)(NATURAL URANUM)
URANIUM coming fromURANIUM coming from
NUCLEAR WARHEADSNUCLEAR WARHEADS diluteddiluted
withwith REPROCESSED URANIUMREPROCESSED URANIUM
2.000 $ / kg U2.000 $ / kg U3,6%3,6% 1.2501.250 $ / kg U$ / kg U3,6%3,6%
MINOR COSTS, DEVOLVED TO AIDMINOR COSTS, DEVOLVED TO AID--PROJECTS FORPROJECTS FOR
DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES, equal toDEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES, equal to 750750 $ / kg U$ / kg U3,6%3,6%
over 4.800 Milion $ in 10 years (from the conversion of 8.000 nuclear warheads)

9. 9
Actual Nuclear Fuel Market
60.000 tons/year of natural uranium
is extracted to satisfy the demand
of…
a. nuclear fuel to be destined to the
production of electrical energy…
b. nuclear power plants in exercise
in the world.

10. 10
Nuclear Fuel Market Trend
All Uranium sources, including the one from
Disarmament (HEU), will continue be necessary to cover
the Uranium demand.
By 2020, the fuel demand will increase to 68.000 tons
and the conversion of more nuclear warheads will be
needed to cover at least the 15% of such demand.
Actually (2008) the 13% of nuclear fuel used by the power plants
in the world, derives from the warheads converted by USA and
Russia with the “Megatons to Megawatts” agreement.

11. 11
CO2 reduction with “Megatons to Development”
11 -- 1,21,2 MldMld ton COton CO22
Nuclear
2.000 TWh
Traditional thermic
200 ton HEU
2.000 TWh
IN 10 YEARS
410410 MtepMtep
COCO22
Power
Plant
Fuel
Energy
produced
Carbon dioxide
(CO2) emission
Environmental expenses
for fuel transportation 1 50.000:

12. 12
An example of possible use of the economic dividend
in Congo
8080 nuclearnuclear
warheadswarheads
NuclearNuclear powerpower
plantplant (1.000 MW)(1.000 MW)
EconomicEconomic
dividenddividend
Congo
21 TWh
3 years of exercise
30 Mln $
Health and Education
(10 Mln $)
3 years of Interventions
8 mini-hydro
plants of 500
kW
(12 Mln $)
8 photovoltaic
plants of 100
kW
(8 Mln $)
COCO22 Emissions
avoided equal to
5,65,6 MtonsMtons/year./year.
2 ton HEU

13. 13
How to achieve “Megatons to Development” Project
advantages?
It is possible to obtain advantages from the “Megatons to
Development” Program through an International Agreement in
which the major nuclear powers, such as USA (DoE) and Russia
(Minatom), starting form “Megatons to Megawatts”, agree to give
access to nuclear warheads for the conversion into nuclear fuel
with the purpose of obtaining an economic dividend for the
development of the poor Countries,
under the supervision of IAEA, United Nations Organization (UN)
and in accord with the declarations of Humanitarian Institutions
and the Holy See.

14. 14
Peace in the world through disarmament, involving social
organizations and influencing public opinion at all levels (ex.
International Institutions, National Governments, Industrial groups,
Social Organizations and NGOs and private citizens)
March for Peace – 2000
Objectives of the Group of Experts (1/2)

15. 15
The Economic dividend, through the conversion of military
uranium into civil purpose uranium, to be destined to the
Development of Poor countries and International Cooperation
with the goal of reducing hunger and poverty in the World.
Dividend for peace:
400 Milion $/year
A part to be destined to development through
micro-projects, in particular with Solar Energy
Objectives of the Group of Experts (2/2)

16. 16
Advantages for the adhering Country
In the new International Agreement, Europe/Italy could have a
fundamental role putting its efforts not only for the economic
benefits (most economic and stable kWh nuclear) achievable,
but also to:
• reduce world’s nuclear arsenal;
• reduce the quantity of uranium and plutonium stocked in
nuclear scoriae deposits (complete re-use in power plants);
• help, in a resolute way, Developing Countries of the world
with the economic dividend coming from nuclear warheads
conversion;
• reduce, through CO2 reduction also in Developing Countries,
the costs of green certificates (presently evaluated for 4 Mld
Euro).
The Project has been forwarded to the world’s Superpowers
in occasion the G8 meeting in July 2009.