Our patient survey, which drew over 6,100 responses in roughly ten days, is intended to provide some patient perspectives for the Lyme guidelines panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
The document discusses 10 common myths about cancer, including that all cancers are the same, that cell phones cause cancer, and that a positive attitude alone can cure cancer. It explains that while there is no single cure for cancer as a broad category, individual cancers can be cured through various treatments. It also debunks myths that artificial sweeteners and cancer screenings always find cancerous lumps. The document aims to provide accurate information about cancer and dispel widely believed misconceptions.
Many common myths about cancer are untrue. Cancer is not contagious, though some viruses and bacteria can cause cancers. Biopsies are very unlikely to cause cancer to spread. While family history increases cancer risk, it does not guarantee someone will develop cancer. Recent treatment advances have resulted in fewer side effects. Positive thinking can improve quality of life for cancer patients but does not affect cancer itself. No cures are being hidden and cancer is not always a death sentence as survival rates have improved for many types of cancer.
This document summarizes a study on cancers affecting humans and dogs in Nairobi, Kenya. The study analyzed data from 2002-2012 from cancer registries and veterinary clinics. It found that the most common cancers in both humans and dogs were of unknown staging/diagnosis. Cancer cases increased with age in both species. The conclusion discusses how dogs may serve as models for human cancer research in Africa through joint cancer surveillance systems and comparative oncology studies. This could accelerate cancer risk detection and promote cost-effective interventions.
Uterine and endometrial cancer are the most common gynecologic cancers. Risk factors include obesity, tamoxifen use, and certain genetic conditions. Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy. Treatment typically involves hysterectomy with or without radiation or chemotherapy depending on risk factors like tumor grade and stage. New immunotherapies are showing promise for recurrent or advanced disease. Precision medicine approaches are helping to classify subtypes and identify targeted therapies.
This document discusses cancer in general and in India. It defines cancer and describes the major categories. Worldwide, over 10 million new cancer cases and 6 million cancer deaths occur annually. The most common cancers worldwide are lung, breast, and colorectal cancers. In India, the most common cancers are oral, esophageal, stomach and lung cancers in men and breast, cervical, oral, and esophageal cancers in women, largely due to tobacco use. Environmental factors like tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and viruses can increase cancer risk. Genetic factors also play a role. Cancer control involves prevention, early detection, treatment and rehabilitation. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Cervical cancer is
This study examined 114 pregnancies in 54 women with non-gynecologic cancer at a hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990-2001. The study divided the pregnancies into two groups: Group I included 18 pregnancies where cancer was active during pregnancy, and Group II included 96 pregnancies where cancer was in remission during pregnancy. The study found that live birth rates were 66.7% for Group I and 87.5% for Group II, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. It also found 3 maternal deaths in Group I but no deaths in Group II. The most common cancers were thyroid and breast cancer. The study concluded that active cancer during pregnancy carries higher risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to pregnancy
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It occurs mostly in women over 50 years old, and white women are slightly more likely to develop it than black or Asian women. However, black women tend to be diagnosed at a younger age and with more advanced disease. Incidence and mortality rates vary globally, with higher rates in North America and parts of Europe. In 2020, there were over 2 million new cases of breast cancer diagnosed and nearly 700,000 deaths worldwide, making it the leading cause of cancer death in women. Prevention strategies focus on early detection through screening and risk reduction behaviors.
The document discusses 10 common myths about cancer, including that all cancers are the same, that cell phones cause cancer, and that a positive attitude alone can cure cancer. It explains that while there is no single cure for cancer as a broad category, individual cancers can be cured through various treatments. It also debunks myths that artificial sweeteners and cancer screenings always find cancerous lumps. The document aims to provide accurate information about cancer and dispel widely believed misconceptions.
Many common myths about cancer are untrue. Cancer is not contagious, though some viruses and bacteria can cause cancers. Biopsies are very unlikely to cause cancer to spread. While family history increases cancer risk, it does not guarantee someone will develop cancer. Recent treatment advances have resulted in fewer side effects. Positive thinking can improve quality of life for cancer patients but does not affect cancer itself. No cures are being hidden and cancer is not always a death sentence as survival rates have improved for many types of cancer.
This document summarizes a study on cancers affecting humans and dogs in Nairobi, Kenya. The study analyzed data from 2002-2012 from cancer registries and veterinary clinics. It found that the most common cancers in both humans and dogs were of unknown staging/diagnosis. Cancer cases increased with age in both species. The conclusion discusses how dogs may serve as models for human cancer research in Africa through joint cancer surveillance systems and comparative oncology studies. This could accelerate cancer risk detection and promote cost-effective interventions.
Uterine and endometrial cancer are the most common gynecologic cancers. Risk factors include obesity, tamoxifen use, and certain genetic conditions. Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy. Treatment typically involves hysterectomy with or without radiation or chemotherapy depending on risk factors like tumor grade and stage. New immunotherapies are showing promise for recurrent or advanced disease. Precision medicine approaches are helping to classify subtypes and identify targeted therapies.
This document discusses cancer in general and in India. It defines cancer and describes the major categories. Worldwide, over 10 million new cancer cases and 6 million cancer deaths occur annually. The most common cancers worldwide are lung, breast, and colorectal cancers. In India, the most common cancers are oral, esophageal, stomach and lung cancers in men and breast, cervical, oral, and esophageal cancers in women, largely due to tobacco use. Environmental factors like tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and viruses can increase cancer risk. Genetic factors also play a role. Cancer control involves prevention, early detection, treatment and rehabilitation. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Cervical cancer is
This study examined 114 pregnancies in 54 women with non-gynecologic cancer at a hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990-2001. The study divided the pregnancies into two groups: Group I included 18 pregnancies where cancer was active during pregnancy, and Group II included 96 pregnancies where cancer was in remission during pregnancy. The study found that live birth rates were 66.7% for Group I and 87.5% for Group II, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. It also found 3 maternal deaths in Group I but no deaths in Group II. The most common cancers were thyroid and breast cancer. The study concluded that active cancer during pregnancy carries higher risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to pregnancy
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It occurs mostly in women over 50 years old, and white women are slightly more likely to develop it than black or Asian women. However, black women tend to be diagnosed at a younger age and with more advanced disease. Incidence and mortality rates vary globally, with higher rates in North America and parts of Europe. In 2020, there were over 2 million new cases of breast cancer diagnosed and nearly 700,000 deaths worldwide, making it the leading cause of cancer death in women. Prevention strategies focus on early detection through screening and risk reduction behaviors.
Study the role of estradiol and luteinizing hormones in breast tumors inciden...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the role of estradiol and luteinizing hormones in breast tumor incidence in women in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The study involved 120 women divided into control, benign, and malignant groups. Results showed benign tumors were more common in women aged 31-40, while malignant tumors were more common in women aged 41-50. Menopausal status, but not age at menarche, was associated with increased breast cancer risk. Estradiol and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly higher in women with breast cancer and reduced after tumor excision, indicating a role for these hormones in breast cancer initiation or promotion. The study concluded that breast cancer risk increases with age
- Breast cancer is a condition where breast cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. It has various stages from non-invasive to invasive metastatic cancer.
- Current treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, but these have side effects. New treatments are being researched to provide minimum side effects, costs and maximum survival and quality of life.
- Successful new treatments would improve outcomes for individuals, families and society through increased survival rates, decreased costs and improved psychology and life quality.
The document discusses cancer awareness in India. Cancer is a major cause of death in India, responsible for about 6.8 lakh deaths annually. Several factors are contributing to higher rates of cancer in India, including increasing life expectancy, adoption of Western lifestyles, and lack of early detection and treatment services. National Cancer Awareness Day is observed on November 7th to raise awareness about cancer prevention through healthy lifestyle choices and the importance of early detection and treatment.
Anal dysplasia: Diagnosis and Management, OR Everything you ever wanted to kn...CBRC
Screening, treatment and prevention of Anal
Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) Presented by Joel Palefsky, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco at the 5th Annual Gay Men's Health Summit held in Vancouver, BC on November 9th and 10th, 2009.
HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cancer in HIV-infected women in Mu...Dr.Samsuddin Khan
Background: HIV-infected women are at a higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer than women in the general population, partly due to a high prevalence of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of the study was to assess the burden of HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cervical cancer among a cohort of HIV-infected women as part of a routine screening in an urban overpopulated slum setting in Mumbai, India.
Methods: From May 2010 to October 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières and Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai offered routine annual Pap smears and HPV DNA testing of women attending an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic and a 12-month follow-up. Women with abnormal test results were offered cervical biopsy and treatment, including treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Results: Ninety-five women were screened. Median age was 38 years (IQR: 33–41); median nadir CD4-count 143 cells/µL (IQR: 79–270); and median time on ART 23 months (IQR:10–41). HPV DNA was detected in 30/94 women (32%), and 18/94 (19%) showed either low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL) on Pap smear. Overall, >50% had cervical inflammatory reactions including STIs. Of the 43 women with a cervical biopsy, eight (8.4%) had CIN-1, five (5.3%) CIN-2, and two (2.1%) carcinoma in situ. All but one had HPV DNA detected (risk ratio: 11, 95% confidence interval: 3.3–34). By October 2011, 56 women had completed the 12-month follow-up and had been rescreened. No new cases of HPV infection/LSIL/HSIL were detected.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV infection, STIs, and cervical lesions among women attending an ART clinic demonstrates a need for routine screening. Simple, one-stop screening strategies are needed. The optimal screening interval, especially when resources are limited, needs to be determined.
The document discusses spearheading cancer awareness in Kenya. It outlines the mission and vision of Women for Cancer, which aims to raise public awareness of early cancer testing and facilitate early detection and treatment. It notes statistics on various cancers in Kenya and challenges such as late presentation and limited treatment options. It emphasizes focusing cancer awareness efforts on advocacy, empowering communities, and addressing behavioral and environmental risk factors to help prevent cancers.
Black women experience higher rates of breast cancer and mortality compared to other groups in the US. Some factors that may contribute include less access to screening and treatment, as well as a higher frequency of more aggressive tumor subtypes like triple negative breast cancer. Research has found Black women are also more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancers that have exhausted immune cells surrounding the tumor. Factors like ancestry, a stronger pro-inflammatory response, lower breastfeeding rates, and lower vitamin D levels may all play a role in the increased aggressiveness seen in Black women's breast cancers. Ongoing research aims to better understand and address these disparities.
Living with Advanced Breast Cancer: Challenges and Opportunitiesbkling
- Metastatic breast cancer poses significant challenges as it is incurable and can recur even after early-stage treatment, with over 500,000 deaths worldwide annually. Living with metastatic disease differs profoundly from early-stage experiences.
- Two surveys of over 1,000 metastatic breast cancer patients across countries found high levels of fear, confusion and depression upon diagnosis. While most received family support, many felt stigma and isolation. Information seeking helped patients cope.
- More research funding and clinical trials inclusive of quality of life are needed. Counting metastatic cases is important to assess needs and allocate resources for supportive care and treatments that meaningfully extend survival and quality of life for these patients. Guidelines can help patients navigate a still deadly disease.
Aboriginal Patterns of Cancer Care Project Breast Cancer paper BMCCancer 1471...Cancer Council NSW
Aboriginal women in New South Wales, Australia have lower rates of survival from breast cancer than non-Aboriginal women. Aboriginal women were less likely to receive surgical treatment for their breast cancer and were more likely to have other health issues. After accounting for differences in factors like age, disease stage at diagnosis, surgical treatment, and health issues, Aboriginal women still had a 30% higher risk of death from breast cancer. Improving access to surgical treatment and reducing health issues may help increase breast cancer survival rates for Aboriginal women.
All in the Family: Hereditary Risk for Gynecologic Cancerbkling
Knowing and understanding your inherited genetics is important for ovarian and uterine cancer patients. Dr. Melissa Frey, gynecologic oncologist at Weill Cornell Medicine, discusses how genetic factors affect women with ovarian and uterine cancer and influence treatment decisions, with a particular focus on BRCA1 & 2 and Lynch Syndrome.
This webinar was being put on in partnership with FORCE.
Cancer Awareness - Kaplan University Dept. of Public Healthsmtibor
Cancer awareness, including general definitions, detection, prevention, treatment, and risk factors. Emphasis on skin and prostate cancers and at-risk populations.
This document summarizes management strategies for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors. It discusses pharmacological options like clonidine, oxybutynin, antidepressants, black cohosh, and phytoestrogens. It also covers mind-body practices like cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnosis. Non-hormonal treatments for vulvo-vaginal symptoms are discussed, as well as short-term low dose local estrogen therapy. Management of menopausal symptoms requires a personalized approach balancing symptom relief and safety.
The document discusses how breast cancer screening pamphlets often mislead women about the benefits of mammography. It finds that almost all women have a false impression that overestimates the benefit by a factor of 10 or more. Specifically, the document outlines four common strategies used in pamphlets to misrepresent benefits: 1) stating what women should do without providing numbers, 2) reporting relative risks instead of absolute risk reduction, 3) citing five-year survival rates which don't reflect mortality reduction, 4) providing unrealistic absolute risk reduction numbers. The document calls for providing women with honest information in the form of a standardized "fact box" to allow for informed decision making.
Cancer Awareness By Ms. Susmita Mitra
This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Dr. Jennifer Mueller, gynecologic cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, will share research updates on uterine/endometrial cancer and other new developments in treatment and surgery.
Cancer epidemiology is the study of cancer occurrence and distribution in human populations. Some key points from the document include:
- The earliest known descriptions of cancer come from ancient Egyptian medical texts from 3000-1500 BC.
- Important historical discoveries in cancer epidemiology include linking tobacco smoking to lung cancer in 1950 and occupations like chimney sweeping to scrotum cancer in 1775.
- Common sources of cancer epidemiology data include registries like SEER in the US and IARC internationally, which provide statistics on incidence, mortality, survival rates.
- Cancer risk varies based on age, sex, race, and other demographic factors. Globally, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer while breast
Report Back from SGO: What’s the Latest in Uterine Cancer?bkling
Dr. Jeannine Villella, Chief of Gynecologic Oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital, provides a comprehensive update from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Villella breaks down what the research presented at the conference means for you and discusses new developments.
This document summarizes a study that identified a novel mutation in the BRCA1 gene in breast cancer patients in West Bengal, India. Certain lifestyle factors like oral contraceptive use and abortions were found to be highly associated with increased breast cancer risk among carriers of this BRCA1 mutation. This was the first study to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and BRCA1 mutations in this population. Identification of this novel mutation and its associations with modifiable risk factors could help with early detection and prevention efforts.
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. It is most common in the spring and summer. Early symptoms include a characteristic rash called erythema migrans. Later stages may involve joints, heart, or nervous system. Diagnosis involves symptoms, exposure history, and blood tests. Most cases are treated effectively with antibiotics, but some patients have persistent symptoms. Prevention focuses on personal protection measures and reducing tick habitats.
Lyme disease is caused by bacteria transmitted through tick bites. Early symptoms may include a rash or flu-like symptoms. Left untreated, later stages can involve joints, heart, or nervous system. Diagnosis involves symptoms, possible exposure, and optional blood tests. Treatment uses antibiotics. While most recover fully, 10-20% develop lingering symptoms termed Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome. Prevention focuses on tick avoidance and repellent use.
Study the role of estradiol and luteinizing hormones in breast tumors inciden...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that examined the role of estradiol and luteinizing hormones in breast tumor incidence in women in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The study involved 120 women divided into control, benign, and malignant groups. Results showed benign tumors were more common in women aged 31-40, while malignant tumors were more common in women aged 41-50. Menopausal status, but not age at menarche, was associated with increased breast cancer risk. Estradiol and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly higher in women with breast cancer and reduced after tumor excision, indicating a role for these hormones in breast cancer initiation or promotion. The study concluded that breast cancer risk increases with age
- Breast cancer is a condition where breast cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. It has various stages from non-invasive to invasive metastatic cancer.
- Current treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy, but these have side effects. New treatments are being researched to provide minimum side effects, costs and maximum survival and quality of life.
- Successful new treatments would improve outcomes for individuals, families and society through increased survival rates, decreased costs and improved psychology and life quality.
The document discusses cancer awareness in India. Cancer is a major cause of death in India, responsible for about 6.8 lakh deaths annually. Several factors are contributing to higher rates of cancer in India, including increasing life expectancy, adoption of Western lifestyles, and lack of early detection and treatment services. National Cancer Awareness Day is observed on November 7th to raise awareness about cancer prevention through healthy lifestyle choices and the importance of early detection and treatment.
Anal dysplasia: Diagnosis and Management, OR Everything you ever wanted to kn...CBRC
Screening, treatment and prevention of Anal
Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) Presented by Joel Palefsky, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco at the 5th Annual Gay Men's Health Summit held in Vancouver, BC on November 9th and 10th, 2009.
HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cancer in HIV-infected women in Mu...Dr.Samsuddin Khan
Background: HIV-infected women are at a higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer than women in the general population, partly due to a high prevalence of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The aim of the study was to assess the burden of HPV infection, cervical abnormalities, and cervical cancer among a cohort of HIV-infected women as part of a routine screening in an urban overpopulated slum setting in Mumbai, India.
Methods: From May 2010 to October 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières and Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai offered routine annual Pap smears and HPV DNA testing of women attending an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic and a 12-month follow-up. Women with abnormal test results were offered cervical biopsy and treatment, including treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Results: Ninety-five women were screened. Median age was 38 years (IQR: 33–41); median nadir CD4-count 143 cells/µL (IQR: 79–270); and median time on ART 23 months (IQR:10–41). HPV DNA was detected in 30/94 women (32%), and 18/94 (19%) showed either low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL) on Pap smear. Overall, >50% had cervical inflammatory reactions including STIs. Of the 43 women with a cervical biopsy, eight (8.4%) had CIN-1, five (5.3%) CIN-2, and two (2.1%) carcinoma in situ. All but one had HPV DNA detected (risk ratio: 11, 95% confidence interval: 3.3–34). By October 2011, 56 women had completed the 12-month follow-up and had been rescreened. No new cases of HPV infection/LSIL/HSIL were detected.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of HPV infection, STIs, and cervical lesions among women attending an ART clinic demonstrates a need for routine screening. Simple, one-stop screening strategies are needed. The optimal screening interval, especially when resources are limited, needs to be determined.
The document discusses spearheading cancer awareness in Kenya. It outlines the mission and vision of Women for Cancer, which aims to raise public awareness of early cancer testing and facilitate early detection and treatment. It notes statistics on various cancers in Kenya and challenges such as late presentation and limited treatment options. It emphasizes focusing cancer awareness efforts on advocacy, empowering communities, and addressing behavioral and environmental risk factors to help prevent cancers.
Black women experience higher rates of breast cancer and mortality compared to other groups in the US. Some factors that may contribute include less access to screening and treatment, as well as a higher frequency of more aggressive tumor subtypes like triple negative breast cancer. Research has found Black women are also more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancers that have exhausted immune cells surrounding the tumor. Factors like ancestry, a stronger pro-inflammatory response, lower breastfeeding rates, and lower vitamin D levels may all play a role in the increased aggressiveness seen in Black women's breast cancers. Ongoing research aims to better understand and address these disparities.
Living with Advanced Breast Cancer: Challenges and Opportunitiesbkling
- Metastatic breast cancer poses significant challenges as it is incurable and can recur even after early-stage treatment, with over 500,000 deaths worldwide annually. Living with metastatic disease differs profoundly from early-stage experiences.
- Two surveys of over 1,000 metastatic breast cancer patients across countries found high levels of fear, confusion and depression upon diagnosis. While most received family support, many felt stigma and isolation. Information seeking helped patients cope.
- More research funding and clinical trials inclusive of quality of life are needed. Counting metastatic cases is important to assess needs and allocate resources for supportive care and treatments that meaningfully extend survival and quality of life for these patients. Guidelines can help patients navigate a still deadly disease.
Aboriginal Patterns of Cancer Care Project Breast Cancer paper BMCCancer 1471...Cancer Council NSW
Aboriginal women in New South Wales, Australia have lower rates of survival from breast cancer than non-Aboriginal women. Aboriginal women were less likely to receive surgical treatment for their breast cancer and were more likely to have other health issues. After accounting for differences in factors like age, disease stage at diagnosis, surgical treatment, and health issues, Aboriginal women still had a 30% higher risk of death from breast cancer. Improving access to surgical treatment and reducing health issues may help increase breast cancer survival rates for Aboriginal women.
All in the Family: Hereditary Risk for Gynecologic Cancerbkling
Knowing and understanding your inherited genetics is important for ovarian and uterine cancer patients. Dr. Melissa Frey, gynecologic oncologist at Weill Cornell Medicine, discusses how genetic factors affect women with ovarian and uterine cancer and influence treatment decisions, with a particular focus on BRCA1 & 2 and Lynch Syndrome.
This webinar was being put on in partnership with FORCE.
Cancer Awareness - Kaplan University Dept. of Public Healthsmtibor
Cancer awareness, including general definitions, detection, prevention, treatment, and risk factors. Emphasis on skin and prostate cancers and at-risk populations.
This document summarizes management strategies for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors. It discusses pharmacological options like clonidine, oxybutynin, antidepressants, black cohosh, and phytoestrogens. It also covers mind-body practices like cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnosis. Non-hormonal treatments for vulvo-vaginal symptoms are discussed, as well as short-term low dose local estrogen therapy. Management of menopausal symptoms requires a personalized approach balancing symptom relief and safety.
The document discusses how breast cancer screening pamphlets often mislead women about the benefits of mammography. It finds that almost all women have a false impression that overestimates the benefit by a factor of 10 or more. Specifically, the document outlines four common strategies used in pamphlets to misrepresent benefits: 1) stating what women should do without providing numbers, 2) reporting relative risks instead of absolute risk reduction, 3) citing five-year survival rates which don't reflect mortality reduction, 4) providing unrealistic absolute risk reduction numbers. The document calls for providing women with honest information in the form of a standardized "fact box" to allow for informed decision making.
Cancer Awareness By Ms. Susmita Mitra
This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com.
For info log on to www.healthlibrary.com.
Dr. Jennifer Mueller, gynecologic cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, will share research updates on uterine/endometrial cancer and other new developments in treatment and surgery.
Cancer epidemiology is the study of cancer occurrence and distribution in human populations. Some key points from the document include:
- The earliest known descriptions of cancer come from ancient Egyptian medical texts from 3000-1500 BC.
- Important historical discoveries in cancer epidemiology include linking tobacco smoking to lung cancer in 1950 and occupations like chimney sweeping to scrotum cancer in 1775.
- Common sources of cancer epidemiology data include registries like SEER in the US and IARC internationally, which provide statistics on incidence, mortality, survival rates.
- Cancer risk varies based on age, sex, race, and other demographic factors. Globally, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer while breast
Report Back from SGO: What’s the Latest in Uterine Cancer?bkling
Dr. Jeannine Villella, Chief of Gynecologic Oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital, provides a comprehensive update from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Villella breaks down what the research presented at the conference means for you and discusses new developments.
This document summarizes a study that identified a novel mutation in the BRCA1 gene in breast cancer patients in West Bengal, India. Certain lifestyle factors like oral contraceptive use and abortions were found to be highly associated with increased breast cancer risk among carriers of this BRCA1 mutation. This was the first study to examine the relationship between lifestyle factors and BRCA1 mutations in this population. Identification of this novel mutation and its associations with modifiable risk factors could help with early detection and prevention efforts.
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. It is most common in the spring and summer. Early symptoms include a characteristic rash called erythema migrans. Later stages may involve joints, heart, or nervous system. Diagnosis involves symptoms, exposure history, and blood tests. Most cases are treated effectively with antibiotics, but some patients have persistent symptoms. Prevention focuses on personal protection measures and reducing tick habitats.
Lyme disease is caused by bacteria transmitted through tick bites. Early symptoms may include a rash or flu-like symptoms. Left untreated, later stages can involve joints, heart, or nervous system. Diagnosis involves symptoms, possible exposure, and optional blood tests. Treatment uses antibiotics. While most recover fully, 10-20% develop lingering symptoms termed Post-treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome. Prevention focuses on tick avoidance and repellent use.
Lyme disease is caused by bacteria transmitted through tick bites. It has three stages - early localized infection, early disseminated infection, and late disseminated infection - each with different symptoms. While antibiotics can treat Lyme disease, it is often misdiagnosed due to similarities with other conditions. Vaccines have been attempted but caused autoimmune issues. Overall, Lyme disease is best addressed through a holistic approach including chiropractic care, detoxification, proper nutrition, exercise, and stress management.
This presentation tackles the controversy regarding Lyme disease by reviewing the evidence for immune evasion and persistent infection by the Lyme spiorchete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The evidence shows that physicians called upon to assist patients with this potential diagnosis should be open to the possibility of persistent infection even in patients who have already received antibiotic treatment for their condition. Lacking evidence on how best to treat a chronic infection of this kind, physicians should be allowed to rely on their experience and to exercise their best clinical judgment in managing patients with Lyme disease.
1) The patient, a 41-year-old male, has been feeling drunk and unable to walk properly or think clearly for several weeks.
2) Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks.
3) The presentation of symptoms depends on the stage of infection, ranging from a bullseye rash in the early localized stage to neurological or heart problems in later disseminated stages.
Lyme disease prevention, diagnosis and treatmentKeith Berndtson
A brief look at tips for preventing and diagnosing Lyme disease, with perspective on why Lyme disease can manifest as a persistent infection and why additional research is need to guide physicians on how best to treat it.
The document discusses Lyme disease, including what it is, its symptoms, and controversies surrounding diagnosis and treatment in Canada.
1. Lyme disease is caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium transmitted through tick bites. It is known as the "master mimic" disease due to its wide range of possible symptoms.
2. Symptoms can affect many parts of the body including joints, heart, neurological and psychological systems. Testing is controversial in Canada and many suffer for years due to misdiagnosis before receiving treatment.
3. Treatment guidelines in Canada are debated, as the cystic form of the bacteria may not be treated by the standard 30-day antibiotic protocol. Improved education
Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria transmitted through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick; the highest risk areas are the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Wisconsin and Minnesota. Symptoms may include a characteristic bullseye rash called erythema migrans along with fever, headache, and fatigue, and if left untreated it can spread to the joints, heart and nervous system.
What Black Women Need to Know About Endometrial Cancerbkling
Dr. Kemi Doll, gynecologic oncologist at the University of Washington Medical Center, shares her passion for improving the lives of black women affected by this disease through her extensive research and knowledge about endometrial cancer.
This webinar is being put on in partnership with ECANA.
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects women and can damage multiple organs in the body. While treatments have improved survival rates, people with lupus still have a higher risk of death than the general population, especially due to organ damage, cardiovascular events, infections, and certain cancers. Ongoing challenges in managing lupus include preventing organ damage, addressing comorbidities, and improving patients' quality of life. Recent research continues to explore new drug targets and non-pharmaceutical interventions to help achieve better outcomes for people living with lupus.
Cancer is caused by abnormal cell growth that spreads uncontrollably. It develops through a complex interaction between genes, environment, and chance. Cancer cells do not die like normal cells and continue growing and dividing in a disorderly fashion. The media needs to accurately report on cancer research studies and not oversimplify results or mislead the public. The UK has higher cancer death rates than some other countries, which may be partly due to lower spending on cancer medications.
This document discusses how big data in biomedicine can be used to translate over 300 trillion points of data into new drugs and diagnostics. It describes some of the large amounts of data that exist, including over 127 million substances tested in over 740,000 assays totaling over 1.2 billion data points. The document also discusses several ongoing projects using this data, including efforts to find new markers for preeclampsia and research using genome sequencing to study diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.
This document provides a table of normal laboratory values for various hematologic and biochemical parameters in adults, newborns, and children. It includes reference ranges for complete blood counts, blood gases, liver and kidney function tests, and other biochemical parameters. It also provides European equivalents for some values and notes that values may be lower for infants and children.
Brief overview of Dr. Herbert Green's "unfortunate experiment" on New Zealand women with cervical abnormalities (please excuse the abundant text and lack of images)
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. This case-control study assessed risk factors for cervical cancer in 75 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and 75 age-matched controls in India. The study found significant associations between cervical cancer and factors such as lower education, rural residence, use of old cloth sanitary napkins, early age at marriage, husband having multiple partners, lack of washing after intercourse, and poor access to healthcare services. Daily bathing and bathing during menstruation were found to be preventive. Logistic regression showed that lack of healthcare utilization and presence of sexually transmitted infections were significantly associated with cervical cancer. The study aims to identify cervical cancer risk factors to enable early screening and diagnosis.
SUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Estevez_Maria.docxby Maria Estevez.docxpicklesvalery
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PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to EDMC
St udent Paper
A. Clements. "Diagnosed with breast cancer
while on a f amily history screening programme:
an exploratory qualitative study.", European
Journal of Cancer Care/09615423, 20080501
Publicat ion
Submitted to Walden University
St udent Paper
P Hopwood. "Surviving breast cancer: can
women expect to 'get back to normal'?", Breast
Cancer Research, 2008
Publicat ion
orca.cf .ac.uk
Int ernet Source
SUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Estevez_Maria.docxby Maria EstevezSUO_HCM4004_W2_A2_Estevez_Maria.docxORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCES
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history
screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
A. CLEMENTS, bsc, senior research nurse, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group,
University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, B.J. HENDERSON, phd, research psycholo-
gist, Institute of Medical & Social Care Research, Ardudwy, Normal Site, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd,
S. TYNDEL, ba, research officer, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of
Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, G. EVANS, md frcp, consultant in medical genetics,
Department of Clinical Genetics, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, K. BRAIN, phd, senior research fellow,
Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, J. AUSTOKER, phd,
director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Education Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of
Primary Health Care, Oxford, & E. WATSON, phd, deputy director, Cancer Research UK Primary Care Educa-
tion Research Group, University of Oxford, Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford, UK for the PIMMS Study
Management Group*
CLEMENTS A., HENDERSON B.J., TYNDEL S., EVANS G., BRAIN K., AUSTOKER J. & WATSON E. FOR
THE PIMMS STUDY MANAGEMENT GROUP (2008) European Journal of Cancer Care 17, 245–252
Diagnosed with breast cancer while on a family history screening programme: an exploratory qualitative study
Mammographic screening is offered to many women under 50 in the UK who are at moderate or high risk of
developing breast cancer because of their family history of the disease. Little is understood about the impact
of screening on the emotional well-being of women with a family history of breast cancer. This qualitative
study explores the value that women at increased risk placed on screening, both pre- and post-cancer diagnosis
and the impact of the diagnosis. In-depth inte ...
This document discusses various uses and methods of epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology characterizes disease distribution, leading to hypotheses about causes. Analytical epidemiology identifies causes by testing hypotheses. Distribution patterns (who, where, when) of disease occurrence can provide clues about risk factors and causation. Medical surveillance aims to identify disease patterns, outbreaks, and changing health needs. Hypotheses about disease causation can be developed by examining correlations between suspected risk factors and disease occurrence across populations, while accounting for potential biases. Age-standardization methods like direct standardization are used to adjust rates to account for differences in population age structures when making comparisons.
The document discusses the experience and lessons learned by the author, a medical doctor specializing in women's health, in treating menopausal women over the course of his career. Some key points made include:
- Looking after menopausal women is a fascinating, gratifying, and complex experience for physicians due to the holistic factors involved.
- Recent large studies like WHI have been misinterpreted by medical professionals and caused unnecessary fear, when properly interpreted they show hormone therapy is generally safe and effective for relieving menopausal symptoms.
- Younger women may receive heart protection from estrogen therapy, and risks of conditions like breast cancer return to normal after stopping therapy.
- Occult breast cancers are actually
This document provides an overview of cancer including its causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It discusses that cancer is caused by genetic mutations that disrupt normal cell growth and can be due to factors such as viruses, radiation, chemicals and heredity. The diagnosis of cancer involves tissue biopsies, imaging tests and tumor marker tests to determine the cancer type and stage. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapies to cure early stage cancer or control later stage cancer. Screening tests can help detect some cancer types early when they are more likely to be cured. Prevention strategies include avoiding risk factors, vaccinations, chemoprevention and healthy behaviors.
This document discusses cervical cancer worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. It provides statistics on the prevalence, incidence, and mortality of cervical cancer globally and within regions. It notes that cervical cancer incidence is very low in Saudi Arabia at 1.9 per 100,000 women but is expected to increase to 309 new cases by 2025. Risk factors, screening and prevention, stages and treatments are summarized.
This document discusses treatment options for climacteric (menopausal) women based on the experience and perspectives of Dr. Manuel Neves-e-Castro. It begins by introducing Dr. Castro and his background. It then discusses definitions and objectives related to treating climacteric women, including critical objectives like diagnosis, risk identification, and symptom/disease treatment. It also discusses specific objectives and targets related to conditions like cardiovascular disease, CNS issues, bones, reproductive organs, and more. The document provides examples of treatment options and projects for various objectives. It continues discussing controversies, lessons from studies like WHI, effects on heart disease and breast cancer risk, and considerations around hormone therapy.
The document discusses human papillomavirus (HPV) and related diseases like cervical cancer. It notes that HPV types 16 and 18 cause over 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. Cervical cancer rates have declined in countries with organized cervical screening programs. HPV is transmitted sexually and often clears without symptoms, but can sometimes cause cervical lesions and genital warts.
1. The document discusses anal cancer prevention in HIV patients, including the epidemiology of anal cancer, current screening guidelines, and treatment options.
2. Rates of anal cancer are increasing, especially among HIV-positive men who have sex with men, due to higher rates of HPV infection. Screening is recommended for high-risk groups but guidelines are based on expert opinion rather than evidence.
3. Screening involves anal cytology and visual inspection, with follow up such as high resolution anoscopy for abnormal results. Treatment options depend on the grade of anal dysplasia or cancer found. Vaccination and condoms may help reduce HPV transmission and anal cancer risk.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Professor Ian Day about the potential for genetics to enable personalized healthcare. It discusses what is contained in the human genome, including genes, proteins, and variations. It provides examples of how genetic testing can help with diagnosis, disease risk prediction, and drug dosing. While full genome sequencing is currently expensive, the goal is to reduce the cost to $1,000 or less in the next 5 years. Understanding the genome could help tailor medical care to an individual's genetic profile.
The document discusses the history and epidemiology of HIV. It describes how HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, needle sharing, and from mother to child. Landmark events in HIV management included the identification of HIV in the 1980s and the introduction of HAART therapy in 1996, which drastically reduced mortality rates in western countries. Globally in 2017, there were 36.9 million people living with HIV, with the highest rates of transmission being receptive anal intercourse. In the Philippines, HIV rates continue to rise and regions 4A, 3, and NCR have the highest rates of new cases.
Similar to Lymedisease.org patient-survey-2015 (20)
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
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learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
5. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I was diagnosed with Lyme disease 11 years after
the bite. I was misdiagnosed with severe fatigue
syndrome, IBM, IBS, MS, Lupus, Bipolar.”
Female, 49, CA
“Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment stole
my adolescence from me! Delayed treatment of
Lyme and co‐infections have done damage that I still
haven't overcome.” Male, 19, MA
Misdiagnosis
“After 12 doctors and countless MRIs, CAT scans
and other test it was finally determined that I have Lyme.
This is a nightmare of unimaginable proportions. I hope
that this questionnaire can help.” Male, 59, CA
8. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I am in Year 7 of this disease and it has been very tough.
When bitten, I was training for my 3rd Triathlon. In Year 3, I
could not even walk a block to my post office. It steals your
life.” Female, 60, CA
“I was at the top of my game at my occupation of 36
years. I rode and raced, and typically came in the top five of
endurance athletes in mountain bike 12 and 24 hour races. I
don't race, barely ride—sometimes don't get out of bed. I
no longer work in my industry and I am scraping to get by.
Nobody understands my problem. I have lost my personality
and I certainly am not the same person I was two years ago
because of Lyme disease.” Male, 58, CA
Quality Of Life
9. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I went from being a happy, functioning teacher
and mom of two girls. It took over two years, extreme
persistence, and over twenty doctors to determine that I
had Lyme disease. Everyday I wake up with pain that
limits my ability to be the type of mother that I was
prior to getting ill. This is a serious endemic that gets
dismissed by doctors due to inaccurate testing and
misinformation.” Female, 35, CA
Quality Of Life
“I lost a 13 year career in the Fire Service over this
disease. I've spent my whole retirement paying for
treatment insurance won't cover and paying overdue
bills caused by my loss of income. We've also had to
move in with my parents.” Female, 37, CA
10. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I'm a 17 year old athlete who was a very good
student who cared about her school work. I never
missed school, never missed a homework assignment,
and tried my hardest in all of my classes. But, I have been
unable to be in school for the last year and a half because
of Lyme Disease and the 3 co‐infections I have. It's so
unbelievably hard to have your life ripped away from you
because of one tick bite that escalated into something
that could have been prevented. I've had to sit on the
sidelines and watch my peers move on with their lives,
while my world stopped spinning.”
Female, 17, NJ
Quality Of Life
12. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I had to retire from my job 6 years earlier than I had
planned because I could no longer concentrate, do mathematical
equations, nor remember most information required for my job. I was
a Mechanical Engineer.”
Male, 59, FL
Financial Impact
“This illness has taken over my life. I am unable to work to earn
a decent income and rely on the kindness of others for sustainability. It
has also left me in financial ruin. I simply do not comprehend the medical
logic regarding this illness and patient care whatsoever.”
Female, 35, NY
“I was a firefighter for 23 years. Lyme has changed
who I am. I got Lyme from fighting forest fires. I hurt
everyday but nobody wants to hear that.”
Male, 40, OR
14. Lab test failure rates—More than 50% false negatives
Sensitivity and Specificity of Commercial Two-Tier Tests for
Convalescent/Late Stage Lyme disease
Study/Year Sensitivity Specificity
Schmitz (1993) 66% 100%
Engstrom(1995) 55% 96%
Ledue (1996) 44% 100%
Tilton (1997) 45% 100%
Trevejo (1999) 29% 100%
Bacon (2003) 67% 99%
Binnicker (2008) 49% 100%
Steere (2008) 18% 99%
Average 46% 99%
References: (1-8)
Two-tiered testing for Lyme
disease is no better than a
coin toss—missing more than
50% of patients with Lyme
disease.
The IDSA Lyme disease guidelines recommend flawed two-tier testing. The Council of State and
Territorial Epidemiologists advises the CDC on testing standards and recognizes the validity of
single-tier Western blots—which are more sensitive for detecting Lyme disease.
15. Persistence in humans
Evidence for persistent B. burdorferi infection following 2-4 weeks
treatment for Lyme disease in humans*
Study Country Persistence Shown by Source
Weber (1988) Europe Histology Brain, liver
Schmidli (1988) Europe Culture Synovial fluid
Cimmino (1989) Europe Histology Spleen
Preac-Mursic (1989) Europe Culture Skin, CSF
Pfister (1991) Europe Culture CSF
Strle (1993) Europe Culture Skin
Preac-Mursic (1993) Europe Culture Iris
Haupl (1993) Europe Culture Ligament
Strle (1996) Europe Culture Skin
Preac-Mursic (1996) Europe Culture Skin, CSF
Oksi (1996) Europe Culture/PCR CSF/ Brain, synovial fluid
Priem (1998) Europe PCR Synovial fluid
Oksi (1999) Europe Culture, PCR Blood
Breier (2001) Europe Culture Skin
Hunfeld (2005) Europe Culture Skin
Hudson (1998) Australia Culture, PCR Skin
Steere (1988) USA Histology Synovial
Kirsch (1988) USA Histology Lymph node
Liegner (1993) USA Histology/PCR Skin/ Blood
Battafarano (1993) USA Histology, PCR Synovial fluid
Chancellor (1993) USA Histology Bladder
Nocton (1994) USA PCR Synovial fluid
Shadick (1994) USA Histology Brain
Masters (1994) USA Culture Blood
Lawrence (1995) USA PCR CSF
Bayer (1996) USA PCR Urine
Nocton (1996) USA PCR CSF
The only accurate method
currently available to
determine persistence of
Lyme bacteria is through
tissue biopsies—a
technique too invasive for
routine clinical practice.
However, human tissue
biopsies performed for other
reasons demonstrate
persistence after short-term
treatment and are reported in
the scientific literature.
16. Short term treatment failure rates are too high
• The CDC/NIH estimates that
up to 20% of Lyme patients
have persisting symptoms
after treatment.
• Other studies show
treatment failure rates
ranging from 35%-50%.
Over 90% of survey respondents reported failing short term treatment protocols.
19. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I work in a busy Emergency room and I can promise you that if a
patient states that they have fibromyalgia, Lyme disease or chronic
fatigue syndrome they are quickly and easily dismissed as insane, drug
seeking, or hypochondriacs.
I have seen many highly educated and hard working people taken
down and their careers and family lives destroyed by this bacterial
infection that should be easily treated but isn't.
Suicide rates are very high in people that have chronic Lyme…I have
chosen to keep on fighting and will hopefully someday be better and be
able to advocate for people who are unable to advocate for
themselves.
I suppose that the cost of treatment is a huge factor in the decision
for the CDC to decide to make chronic Lyme a covered and payable
disease. If they would just take a look at what they spend for people
that are on disability…I think that they would find that it would be
cheaper to just pay for the treatment of their bacterial infection and
get them back to work!!”
Female, 45, WA
Cost Of Treatment Impact
21. 1. Patients want to know the pathogens
carried by the tick.
2. Patients want to know the risks and
benefits of preventive antibiotic
treatment.
3. Other factors, like knowing the cost of
tick testing and the tick species are not
as important.
What is important to patients after tick bite?
22. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I was infected on a trip to a Lyme
endemic area but live in an area
with few infected ticks ‐ I could not
get a local doctor to test or treat
for Lyme early on, despite the tick
bite and rash.”
Female, 41, CA
Tick Bites
“I found my tiny deer tick and
removed it. Took to my PA and
requested testing of the tick, she
said they (medical community) don't
even do that anymore, if I became ill
to come see her then.”
Female, 30, NC
25. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I started to feel ill in Fall 2008 after I was bit by a
deer tick in NH. I was given a Z‐pack in case I may have
contacted Lyme 3 days later. Shortly after I started feeling
ill... I was a Division I cross‐country and track athlete, but
now I was struggling to run 30 minutes when the year
before I was one of the top runners on the team.
I was tested for Lyme with the ELISA and it came
back negative. The doctors said there was nothing wrong
and to just "eat more and sleep more." But I knew
something was really wrong. My senior year of college I
didn't even qualify for the track team.
I saw many, many doctors. One tested me two
times with the ELISA for Lyme... When both tests were
negative, planned to diagnose me with chronic fatigue
syndrome and give me a stimulant. Then I went to a
general practitioner who said it sounded like Lyme disease
and that the ELISA was maybe 60% accurate; he tested
me with the Western blot which was positive. It's been a
journey since then, but I am thankful.”
Female, 25, MA
Bad Tests Impact
27. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I don't live in one of the 14 states that are considered to have Lyme
in greater than 20% of the tick population. Therefore, when I went to the
ER with an engorged tick on my neck, I was refused treatment, and told
to go home and wait for symptoms. I was told that symptoms may come
in the form of the flu or a rash. I had neither, so I thought I was fine.
However, not even a year later, I had developed insomnia, tachycardia,
and a heart valve prolapse. At the time, I had no idea that those are Lyme
disease symptoms.. . . Having undiagnosed Lyme for over 20 years has
caused me a mess of health problems. My life is ruined. If only I could have
just had that simple bottle of prophylactic doxy all those years ago in the
ER my life would be so different right now. One bottle of doxy before this
went systemic could have saved me from a true nightmare...
Please change the guidelines. Anyone, regardless of the state they live
in should be able to get Lyme treatment. Doctors need to be educated on
this and be willing to test people for it. We need accurate testing. Please
find a cure for the millions that are suffering. This disease is devastating. I
can barely function anymore.” Female, 34, ID
Non-endemic
29. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I am shocked and upset that our family doctor, who is very well
respected and educated, didn't offer referral to a Lyme specialist. After 21 days
of rapid decline under the CDC standard protocol of oral antibiotics, he
advised to stop antibiotics, said there is nothing that can be done. The Lyme
disease should be cured by now. Then specialists, who know that higher doses
of antibiotics are necessary, are fearful of losing their license due to the Lyme
controversy. Patients are powerless and denied real treatment. It's very sad
and shameful for the American medical community.”
“The current CDC guidelines failed me. I was bit by a tick in 2001 and
developed the typical bull's‐eye rash. I was immediately diagnosed with Lyme
disease and given two weeks of antibiotics. I was told that would be the end
of it and it would cure the problem. 10 years later after trying to figure out
what was wrong with me, we discovered that the Lyme had not gone away and
was keeping me sick.” Patient, 44, RI
Treat To Cure
Male, 34, CT
32. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“My life has been destroyed by this
disease, and had I not finally been
treated I may well have died.
Treatment has allowed me to regain
some of my life, but I will never be
able to practice again in a clinic. I am
angry at every doctor who missed the
diagnosis and at the medical
community who are ignoring an
epidemic, but mostly I am sad. I am
sad for all the brilliant minds that have
been lost to this disease and will never
make the breakthroughs they could
have made. I want to scream at the
top of my lungs "DO SOMETHING" to
stop this epidemic.”
Female, 62, MN
Treatment Options & Choice
33. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“Until unbiased clinical studies are completed I believe that
physicians should be able to treat patients with tick‐borne
illnesses as they deem appropriate. It will be difficult for any
clinical studies to be carried out without a major
breakthrough in testing for Lyme disease and other co‐
infections.”
“I'm the one devastated by this disease, and the truth is,
you don't know for certain how to treat it. With a condition
fraught with so much uncertainty and unknown, the most we
can be offered is the state of all available knowledge (even if
they oppose each other), access to (and insurance that
covers) all treatment approaches, and the freedom to make
our own choices.” Female, 51, OR
Treatment Options & Choice
Female, 62, MN
34. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I am functioning but my
life as a typical teenage boy does
not exist due to Lyme disease. My
parents spent $15,000 to get me
back on my feet. My cardiologist
wouldn't let me go to school for 9
months. I was isolated at home
due to impact on my heart from
Lyme disease. Please take this
disease seriously, encourage more
doctors to become LLMDs &
demand insurance companies to
cover Lyme disease treatment.”
Male, 16, CT
Treatment Options & Choice
35. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“Patients MUST be allowed to be informed about
possibility of Lyme disease at the onset of classic
symptoms with or without the Bull's eye rash and be
offered testing for it. Patients who miss the 30 day
window after a tick bite need to be referred to
experienced, holistic, Lyme‐literate physicians so that
prolonged antibiotic therapy with resultant worsening of
the disease is avoided..” Female, 55, AL
“I've made significant progress with individualized
treatment, but I have had to FIGHT for it every step of the
way and it has cost me my dream job in NYC, my
retirement, my savings, and my social life. Lyme patients
deserve better advocates in the medical field.”
Female, 31, IL
Treatment Options & Choice
36. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“Although the side effects of antibiotics may concern the
health profession....The risk of delaying treatment or
undertreating someone comes at a much higher cost. Lives are
RUINED by this disease.....I have lost 3 years of my life so far and
I do not know if I will ever get well. There needs to be more
discussion about the co infections associated with these tick
bites....and how to test and treat those as well.”
“When you have Lyme possible side effects from treatment
don't seem to matter because you are so sick. It's just like cancer
treatment. Is that good for you?, no, but will it save your life? You
see where I am going. Also to take this survey was very hard to
read, focus and concentrate. You can only understand how
someone with Lyme feels if you have it. It is mind boggling. Thank
you for conducting this survey, it makes me feel like someone is
listening. :)”
Treatment Options & Choice
Female, 35, UT
Female, 52, CT
37. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“A patient is the best source providers
have to what is happening inside the
patient's own body. Therefore, it is
imperative that each patient be given as
much information as possible and the
have a large amount of input into his or
her individualized treatment plan. Lyme
disease and its coinfections are elusive in
diagnosis, treatment and predictability.
Patients are the experts of this disease
not the physicians. It is so important
that they are listened to, given further
education, and taken seriously, or we
will never come to better understand
this disease in all its complexity.”
Female, UT
Treatment Options & Choice
Female, 38, UT
Female, 62, WA
38. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
“I spoke with an oncologist in passing. He stated that
cancer care has not progressed much in 20 years, the big
picture. What you hear on TV is not the case that he sees day
to day. Yet they still try and many die. I see no problem if
the patient chooses Treatment, Hospice, both. I listened to
an hour CDC seminar on persistent Lyme. I was amazed at the
researchers finding results that it does exist. I was more
amazed, that at the end of the seminar, one researcher
wanted to discredit all the great info. It was pathetic. Until I
get another diagnosis. I will treat the best way I can. Like
AIDS in the 80‐90 people had to meet in parking lots to
exchange antivirals. What a disgusting mess.”
Male, 55, TX
Treatment Options & Choice
39. REAL LIVES. REAL STORIES.
Patients must have the ultimate informed decision of how to treat their own
health because they are the ones who have to live with it. Not one politician or
doctor is going to be walking in my shoes...just me.” Female, 35, SC
40. References
Bacon RM, Biggerstaff BJ, Schriefer ME, Gilmore RD, Jr., Philipp MT, Steere AC,
et al. Serodiagnosis of Lyme disease by kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay using recombinant VlsE1 or peptide antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi
compared with 2-tiered testing using whole-cell lysates. J Infect Dis. 2003 Apr
15;187(8):1187-99.
Barthold SW, Hodzic E, Imai DM, Feng S, Yang X, Luft BJ. Ineffectiveness of
tigecycline against persistent Borrelia burgdorferi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.
2010;54:643–6451.
Binnicker MJ, Jespersen DJ, Harring JA, Rollins LO, Bryant SC, Beito EM.
Evaluation of two commercial systems for automated processing, reading, and
interpretation of Lyme borreliosis Western blots. J Clin Microbiol. 2008
Jul;46(7):2216-21.
Bockenstedt LK, Mao J, Hodzic E, Barthold SW, Fish D. Detection of attenuated,
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