This study analyzed the 5-year survival rates and life expectancy of 771 patients with non-small cell lung cancer after radical surgery from 1985 to 2022. The findings indicated a cumulative 5-year survival rate of 73% and revealed significant factors influencing longevity, such as early invasive cancer type, tumor stage, and blood parameters. Advanced predictive modeling methods, including neural networks, achieved a 100% accuracy in predicting 5-year survival rates based on selected variables.

1. Lung Cancer: Precise Prediction
No disclosures
OBJECTIVE: 5-survival (5YS) and life span after radical surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (LC) patients (LCP) (T1-4N0-2M0) was analyzed.
METHODS: We analyzed data of 771 consecutive LCP (age=57.6±8.3 years; tumor size=4.1±2.4 cm) radically operated and monitored in 1985-2022
(m=662, f=109; upper lobectomies=278, lower lobectomies=178, middle lobectomies=18, bilobectomies=42, pneumonectomies=255, mediastinal lymph
node dissection=771; combined procedures with resection of trachea, carina, atrium, aorta, VCS, vena azygos, pericardium, liver, diaphragm, ribs,
esophagus=194; only surgery-S=620, adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy-AT=151: CAV/gemzar + cisplatin + thymalin/taktivin + radiotherapy 45-
50Gy; T1=322, T2=255, T3=133, T4=61; N0=518, N1=131, N2=122, M0=771; G1=195, G2=243, G3=333; squamous=418, adenocarcinoma=303, large
cell=50; early LC=215, invasive LC=556; right LC=413, left LC=358; central=291; peripheral=480. Variables selected for study were input levels of 45
blood parameters, sex, age, TNMG, cell type, tumor size. Regression modeling, clustering, SEPATH, Monte Carlo, bootstrap and neural networks
computing were used to determine significant dependence.
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2240.9±1748.8 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73%, 10 years – 64.2%, 20 years – 43%. 503
LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3126.6±1536 days), 145 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5068.5±1513.2 days).199 LCP died because of LC
(LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (77.7% vs.63.4%,
P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (64.4% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00003 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling
displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors
(ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance,
recalcification time (P=0.000-0.035). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and
PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5),healthy cells/CC (6), segmented
neutrophils/CC (7), lymphocytes/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by
neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: PT early-invasive cancer; PT N0--N12; cell ratio factors; blood cell
circuit; biochemical factors; hemostasis system; AT; LC characteristics; LC cell dynamics; surgery type; anthropometric data.
Oleg Kshivets, MD, PhD e-mail: okshivets@yahoo.com
Surgery Department, Roshal Hospital, Moscow, Russia a
#284
Cox Regression
n=771
Chi2= 350.946 df = 16 p = 0.0000
Beta
Standard
Error
Beta 95%
lower
Beta 95%
upper
t-value
Wald
Statist.
p Risk ratio
Risk ratio
95% lower
Risk ratio
95% upper
Histology 0.33762 0.085107 0.17081 0.504426 3.96698 15.73689 0.000073 1.401606 1.186267 1.656035
G1-3 0.30328 0.086196 0.13434 0.472225 3.51856 12.38023 0.000435 1.354299 1.143786 1.603558
Monocytes (%) -0.07548 0.029458 -0.13322 -0.017742 -2.56224 6.56506 0.010405 0.927300 0.875277 0.982415
Glucose -0.26756 0.076674 -0.41784 -0.117282 -3.48957 12.17711 0.000484 0.765244 0.658468 0.889335
Prothrombin Index 0.02843 0.006704 0.01529 0.041573 4.24106 17.98658 0.000022 1.028841 1.015410 1.042449
Recalcification Time -0.00492 0.001709 -0.00827 -0.001574 -2.88121 8.30139 0.003964 0.995089 0.991763 0.998427
Heparin Tolerance 0.00340 0.000677 0.00207 0.004726 5.02251 25.22560 0.000001 1.003405 1.002075 1.004737
Lymphocytes/Cancer Cells 0.15234 0.068349 0.01838 0.286301 2.22885 4.96778 0.025831 1.164556 1.018548 1.331493
Phase Transition Early-Invasive Cancer -1.42494 0.316782 -2.04582 -0.804055 -4.49816 20.23347 0.000007 0.240524 0.129275 0.447511
Adjuvant Chemoimmunoradiotherapy -1.15154 0.197372 -1.53839 -0.764699 -5.83436 34.03981 0.000000 0.316149 0.214728 0.465474
Leucocytes (tot) 0.12012 0.051077 0.02002 0.220234 2.35183 5.53111 0.018687 1.127637 1.020217 1.246368
Segmented Neutrophils (tot) -0.12022 0.056934 -0.23181 -0.008634 -2.11162 4.45892 0.034727 0.886723 0.793096 0.991403
Lymphocytes (tot) -0.22461 0.063032 -0.34815 -0.101074 -3.56350 12.69853 0.000366 0.798825 0.705990 0.903866
Healthy Cells/Cancer Cells -0.02439 0.010525 -0.04502 -0.003763 -2.31747 5.37067 0.020484 0.975903 0.955977 0.996244
Phase Transition N0---N12 0.83346 0.087102 0.66275 1.004177 9.56884 91.56266 0.000000 2.301270 1.940111 2.729661
Eosinophils (tot) -0.41281 0.126263 -0.66029 -0.165344 -3.26948 10.68949 0.001079 0.661785 0.516704 0.847603
Neural Network: n=702
Baseline Error=0.000;
Area under ROC Curve=1.000;
Correct Classification Rate 100%
Rank Sensitivity
Phase Transition Early---Invasive Lung Cancer 1 35878
Phase Transition N0---N12 2 28620
Thrombocytes/Cancer Cells 3 18847
Eosinophils/Cancer Cells 4 15521
Erythrocytes/Cancer Cells 5 15292
Healthy Cells/Cancer Cells 6 13792
Segmented Neutrophils/Cancer Cells 7 10113
Lymphocytes/Cancer Cells 8 9038
Stick Neutrophils/Cancer Cells 9 8716
Monocytes/Cancer Cells 10 6691
Leucocytes/Cancer Cells 11 5484
Bootstrap Simulation n=702
Significant Factors
(Number of Samples=3333)
Rank Kendall’Tau-
A
P<
Healthy Cells/Cancer Cells 1 -0.849 0.000
Erythrocytes/Cancer Cells 2 -0.800 0.000
Thrombocytes/Cancer Cells 3 -0.705 0.000
Leucocytes/Cancer Cells 4 -0.596 0.000
Segmented Neutrophils/Cancer Cells 5 -0.564 0.000
T1-4 6 0.562 0.000
Lymphocytes/Cancer Cells 7 -0.529 0.000
PT Early---Invasive Cancer 8 0.410 0.000
Monocytes/Cancer Cells 9 -0.296 0.000
ESS 10 0.242 0.000
PT N0---N12 11 0.219 0.000
Surgery Type 12 0.208 0.000
Tumor Growth 13 -0.134 0.000
Segmented Neutrophils abs 14 0.128 0.000
G1-3 15 0.118 0.000
Stick Neutrophils tot 16 0.112 0.000
Lymphocytes (%) 17 -0.108 0.000
Surgery Type 18 0.160 0.000
Protein 19 -0.159 0.000
Stick Neutrophils abs 20 0.105 0.000
Coagulation Time 20 0.104 0.000
Histology 21 -0.103 0.000
Stick Neutrophils (%) 22 0.102 0.000
Monocytes abs 23 0.102 0.000
Segmented Neutrophils tot 24 0.101 0.000
Leucocytes 25 0.098 0.001
Monocytes (%) 26 0.088 0.001
Hb 27 -0.081 0.01
Erythrocytes tot 28 -0.079 0.05
Erythrocytes 29 -0.066 0.05
Thrombocytes tot 30 0.060 0.05
Survival Function
5YS=73%; 10YS=64.2%; 20YS=43%.
Complete Censored
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Years after Surgery
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Cumulative
Proportion
Surviving
Cumulative Proportion Surviving (Kaplan-Meier)
Complete Censored
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Years after Surgery
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Cumulative
Proportion
Surviving
Invasive LC
Early LC
Cumulative Proportion Surviving (Kaplan-Meier)
Complete Censored
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Years after Surgery
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Cumulative
Proportion
Surviving
N12
N0
Cumulative Proportion Surviving (Kaplan-Meier)
Complete Censored
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Years after Surgery
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Cumulative
Proportion
Surviving
Pneumonectomies
Lobectomies
Cumulative Proportion Surviving (Kaplan-Meier)
P=0.025 by Log Rank test
Complete Censored
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Years after Surgery
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Cumulative
Proportion
Surviving
male
female
Cumulative Proportion Surviving (Kaplan-Meier)
LCP with N12 5YS LCP after Adjuvant Treatment=63.4%; 5YS after surgery along=34.8%;
P=0.00003 by Log-Rank Test.
Complete Censored
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Years after Surgery
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Cumulative
Proportion
Surviving
only Surgery
Adjuvant Chemoimmunoradiotherapy