According to Rasenick (**), Gsα localization within lipid rafts is linked to MD, Suicide, Mood Disorder and so on.
** Rasenick MM, et al. Depression, Gs, and Lipid Rafts. J Neurosci. 2008 Mar 19;28(12):3042-50.
This document discusses quantum psychology and the relationship between consciousness and quantum physics. It presents several key concepts, including:
1) The quantum worldview sees consciousness as fundamental and non-local, while scientific materialism sees matter as primary and phenomena as locally determined.
2) Quantum measurement results in the collapse of the quantum wavefunction and a split between subject and object, linking the discontinuous nature of quantum physics to human perception and experience.
3) Quantum physics offers insights into phenomena like reincarnation, nonlocal correlations, and the relationship between mind and body that are difficult to explain from a purely materialist perspective.
Subtle Energy Retreat Presentation with Dr Thornton Streeter from the Centre ...Thornton Streeter
For the first time we present our theory that each chakra is a dimensional lens so that the lower 4 chakras allow us to to navigate the space time continuum
This document summarizes a research project on molecular changes in mood disorders led by Prof. Massimo Cocchi at the "Paolo Sotgiu" Institute for research in Quantitative & Quantum Psychiatry & Cardiology. The project will examine blood chemistry, markers of oxidative stress, platelet membrane markers, and gene expression in subjects with mood disorders. Clinical aspects will be led by Dott. Raimondo Venanzini and Dott. Raffaella Silvestri. Analysis will be conducted by Dott. Massimo Valentini, Dott. Serena Benedetti, Dott. Maria Chiara Tagliamone, Prof. Anna Rita Mastrogiacomo, Dott.
The document discusses neural correlates of higher level brain functions. It covers several topics:
1) Experience arises at the quantum level in ion channel proteins, with quantum properties like coherence and entanglement playing a role.
2) Construction of perception involves transitions from quantum to classical domains in the brain, mediated by ion channel proteins. Top-down processes and long-range connections in large brains are important for conscious perception.
3) Perception emerges from complex interactions between ascending and recurrent signaling in the brain, with feedback thought to be crucial for awareness. Receptive field properties evolve along synaptic distances in hierarchical cortical networks.
El documento explora las diferencias entre qubits y bits, así como las formas del verbo latino "cogitare" (pensar) en diferentes tiempos verbales como el presente, pasado e imperfecto.
The document discusses brain nutrition and glucose homeostasis. It notes that the brain relies primarily on glucose as an energy source and that impaired glucose regulation can contribute to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Maintaining normal blood glucose levels is important for brain health. The document also discusses how omega-3 fatty acids like DHA found in fish are important for brain structure and function and may help protect against cognitive decline. Following a Mediterranean diet with fish, olive oil, fruits and vegetables may help support brain health.
This document discusses the possibility of using computational drug design for neurological disorders. It summarizes research showing that microtubules in neurons may function as quantum computers capable of vast information processing and storage comparable to the human brain. Various neurological diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS involve disruption of microtubule structure and function. The document proposes that stabilizing microtubules through drug design could help treat and prevent neurodegeneration in these diseases. It reviews evidence that general anesthetics may interact with and alter microtubules, influencing memory formation and consciousness. Overall, the document argues microtubules are promising targets for computational drug design approaches to neurological disorders.
This document discusses quantum psychology and the relationship between consciousness and quantum physics. It presents several key concepts, including:
1) The quantum worldview sees consciousness as fundamental and non-local, while scientific materialism sees matter as primary and phenomena as locally determined.
2) Quantum measurement results in the collapse of the quantum wavefunction and a split between subject and object, linking the discontinuous nature of quantum physics to human perception and experience.
3) Quantum physics offers insights into phenomena like reincarnation, nonlocal correlations, and the relationship between mind and body that are difficult to explain from a purely materialist perspective.
Subtle Energy Retreat Presentation with Dr Thornton Streeter from the Centre ...Thornton Streeter
For the first time we present our theory that each chakra is a dimensional lens so that the lower 4 chakras allow us to to navigate the space time continuum
This document summarizes a research project on molecular changes in mood disorders led by Prof. Massimo Cocchi at the "Paolo Sotgiu" Institute for research in Quantitative & Quantum Psychiatry & Cardiology. The project will examine blood chemistry, markers of oxidative stress, platelet membrane markers, and gene expression in subjects with mood disorders. Clinical aspects will be led by Dott. Raimondo Venanzini and Dott. Raffaella Silvestri. Analysis will be conducted by Dott. Massimo Valentini, Dott. Serena Benedetti, Dott. Maria Chiara Tagliamone, Prof. Anna Rita Mastrogiacomo, Dott.
The document discusses neural correlates of higher level brain functions. It covers several topics:
1) Experience arises at the quantum level in ion channel proteins, with quantum properties like coherence and entanglement playing a role.
2) Construction of perception involves transitions from quantum to classical domains in the brain, mediated by ion channel proteins. Top-down processes and long-range connections in large brains are important for conscious perception.
3) Perception emerges from complex interactions between ascending and recurrent signaling in the brain, with feedback thought to be crucial for awareness. Receptive field properties evolve along synaptic distances in hierarchical cortical networks.
El documento explora las diferencias entre qubits y bits, así como las formas del verbo latino "cogitare" (pensar) en diferentes tiempos verbales como el presente, pasado e imperfecto.
The document discusses brain nutrition and glucose homeostasis. It notes that the brain relies primarily on glucose as an energy source and that impaired glucose regulation can contribute to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Maintaining normal blood glucose levels is important for brain health. The document also discusses how omega-3 fatty acids like DHA found in fish are important for brain structure and function and may help protect against cognitive decline. Following a Mediterranean diet with fish, olive oil, fruits and vegetables may help support brain health.
This document discusses the possibility of using computational drug design for neurological disorders. It summarizes research showing that microtubules in neurons may function as quantum computers capable of vast information processing and storage comparable to the human brain. Various neurological diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS involve disruption of microtubule structure and function. The document proposes that stabilizing microtubules through drug design could help treat and prevent neurodegeneration in these diseases. It reviews evidence that general anesthetics may interact with and alter microtubules, influencing memory formation and consciousness. Overall, the document argues microtubules are promising targets for computational drug design approaches to neurological disorders.
This document discusses neuromodulation techniques for psychiatric disorders, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). It provides an overview of DBS and VNS indications for various psychiatric conditions such as OCD, depression, Tourette's syndrome, and more. The document also describes specific DBS and VNS cases from Italy for conditions like OCD, depression, and chronic pain. It discusses the state of the field and guidelines for ethical surgery for psychiatric disorders.
The document appears to be notes from a psychiatrist discussing various cases. It includes descriptions of patients' symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, and depressed mood. The psychiatrist also notes the patients' histories of conditions like delusions and depression. Various theoretical constructs are mentioned in brackets, relating to disturbances in brain networks, optimization and deoptimization dynamics, and other factors.
- The document discusses a conference on approaches to psychopathology, including molecular and quantum approaches.
- It notes the large burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in Europe, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, COPD, diabetes, neurological disorders, mental disorders, and dementias.
- The conference aimed to explore alliances to address non-communicable diseases, a pathological approach, common risk factors, models, and questions around combining biological and psychological approaches.
This document summarizes a research project on molecular changes in mood disorders led by Prof. Massimo Cocchi at the "Paolo Sotgiu" Institute for research in Quantitative & Quantum Psychiatry & Cardiology. The project will examine blood chemistry, markers of oxidative stress, platelet membrane markers, and gene expression in subjects with mood disorders. Clinical aspects will be led by Dott. Raimondo Venanzini and Dott. Raffaella Silvestri. Analysis will be conducted by Dott. Massimo Valentini, Dott. Serena Benedetti, Dott. Maria Chiara Tagliamone, Prof. Anna Rita Mastrogiacomo, Dott.
This document summarizes research on fatty acid alterations in mood disorders and metabolic syndrome. Key points:
1) Studies have found low omega-3 PUFA levels and increased omega-6/omega-3 ratios in depressed patients compared to controls. Lipid peroxidation products and homocysteine are also elevated while folate is decreased.
2) Alterations in fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and plasma of depressed patients involve saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids of different chain lengths. Desaturase and elongase enzyme activity is affected.
3) These fatty acid changes are partly due to diet but also reflect increased oxidative stress from genetic, lifestyle, metabolic
This document discusses David Bohm's interpretation of quantum theory and its implications for the mind-body problem. It summarizes Bohm's view that particles have both particle and wave properties, with the wave guiding the particle. Bohm proposed that information carried by a quantum field actively guides particles. Similarly, mental information may be carried by subtle fields or potentials that actively organize brain processes. This provides a framework for understanding how mind and matter can mutually influence each other.
1. Microtubules may be involved in psychopathology through their roles in cellular processes and potential for information processing.
2. Dysfunction of microtubule polymerization and depolymerization cycles could underlie mental illnesses like depression through abnormal protein transport and neural activity.
3. Impaired quantum information processing in microtubules has been proposed as a potential mechanism contributing to mental illnesses. More research is needed to validate these microtubule-based models of psychopathology.
This document discusses paradigm shifts in psychiatry, specifically moving away from the dominant biomedical model. It outlines Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigm shifts in science and provides examples. The document argues for a new paradigm in psychiatry based on quantum physics, which avoids mind-body dualism and allows for concepts like psychogenic causality, backward causality, and free will. It suggests quantum physics provides insights used intuitively by psychiatrists.
1) Quantum theories may help explain emergent self-organization phenomena in life, brain, cognition, and consciousness that traditional mechanistic frameworks cannot.
2) Decoherence due to environmental interactions is a challenge for quantum theories of mind, but decoherence depends on specific contexts and some coherence mechanisms may cooperate.
3) Higher-order statistical analyses of mesoscopic and macroscopic observations may reveal signatures of underlying quantum phenomena in the brain even if simple average quantities do not.
This document discusses how modern physics challenges the assumption of a single objective reality and how this impacts our understanding of psychosis and delusions. It notes that reality at the subatomic level depends on observation and measurement, suggesting reality is probabilistic and uncertain. This calls into question current definitions of delusions that rely on the existence of a single objective reality. The document explores implications for psychiatry, including rethinking diagnoses and allowing for multiple possible realities. It cautions against an overly simplistic view of psychosis based only on positive symptoms.
The document discusses the dissipative quantum model of the brain. It proposes that:
1) The brain's activity can be described by quantum field theory and the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry, which generates massless bosons (dipole wave quanta) that mediate long-range correlations and ordered patterns of neural activity.
2) Including dissipation is important because it describes the brain as an open system interacting with the environment. This is modeled by "doubling" the system's degrees of freedom.
3) The model can explain key properties of brain activity like coexisting amplitude modulated patterns, large memory capacity without interference between memories, and phase transitions between patterns during sequencing of activity.
1. The document discusses three computational modes of the mind: ordinary thought (conscious classical computation and unconscious quantum computation), and meta-thought (unconscious and non-algorithmic).
2. It proposes a quantum meta-language (QML) and probabilistic identity axiom to describe aspects of human reasoning and the disintegration of the self in conditions like schizophrenia.
3. The document introduces the concept of quantum coherent states of the mind, drawing an analogy to coherent states in quantum field theory which are eigenstates of the annihilation operator.
This document discusses neuromodulation techniques for psychiatric disorders, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). It provides an overview of DBS and VNS indications for various psychiatric conditions such as OCD, depression, Tourette's syndrome, and more. The document also describes specific DBS and VNS cases from Italy for conditions like OCD, depression, and chronic pain. It discusses the state of the field and guidelines for ethical surgery for psychiatric disorders.
The document appears to be notes from a psychiatrist discussing various cases. It includes descriptions of patients' symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, and depressed mood. The psychiatrist also notes the patients' histories of conditions like delusions and depression. Various theoretical constructs are mentioned in brackets, relating to disturbances in brain networks, optimization and deoptimization dynamics, and other factors.
- The document discusses a conference on approaches to psychopathology, including molecular and quantum approaches.
- It notes the large burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in Europe, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, COPD, diabetes, neurological disorders, mental disorders, and dementias.
- The conference aimed to explore alliances to address non-communicable diseases, a pathological approach, common risk factors, models, and questions around combining biological and psychological approaches.
This document summarizes a research project on molecular changes in mood disorders led by Prof. Massimo Cocchi at the "Paolo Sotgiu" Institute for research in Quantitative & Quantum Psychiatry & Cardiology. The project will examine blood chemistry, markers of oxidative stress, platelet membrane markers, and gene expression in subjects with mood disorders. Clinical aspects will be led by Dott. Raimondo Venanzini and Dott. Raffaella Silvestri. Analysis will be conducted by Dott. Massimo Valentini, Dott. Serena Benedetti, Dott. Maria Chiara Tagliamone, Prof. Anna Rita Mastrogiacomo, Dott.
This document summarizes research on fatty acid alterations in mood disorders and metabolic syndrome. Key points:
1) Studies have found low omega-3 PUFA levels and increased omega-6/omega-3 ratios in depressed patients compared to controls. Lipid peroxidation products and homocysteine are also elevated while folate is decreased.
2) Alterations in fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and plasma of depressed patients involve saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids of different chain lengths. Desaturase and elongase enzyme activity is affected.
3) These fatty acid changes are partly due to diet but also reflect increased oxidative stress from genetic, lifestyle, metabolic
This document discusses David Bohm's interpretation of quantum theory and its implications for the mind-body problem. It summarizes Bohm's view that particles have both particle and wave properties, with the wave guiding the particle. Bohm proposed that information carried by a quantum field actively guides particles. Similarly, mental information may be carried by subtle fields or potentials that actively organize brain processes. This provides a framework for understanding how mind and matter can mutually influence each other.
1. Microtubules may be involved in psychopathology through their roles in cellular processes and potential for information processing.
2. Dysfunction of microtubule polymerization and depolymerization cycles could underlie mental illnesses like depression through abnormal protein transport and neural activity.
3. Impaired quantum information processing in microtubules has been proposed as a potential mechanism contributing to mental illnesses. More research is needed to validate these microtubule-based models of psychopathology.
This document discusses paradigm shifts in psychiatry, specifically moving away from the dominant biomedical model. It outlines Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigm shifts in science and provides examples. The document argues for a new paradigm in psychiatry based on quantum physics, which avoids mind-body dualism and allows for concepts like psychogenic causality, backward causality, and free will. It suggests quantum physics provides insights used intuitively by psychiatrists.
1) Quantum theories may help explain emergent self-organization phenomena in life, brain, cognition, and consciousness that traditional mechanistic frameworks cannot.
2) Decoherence due to environmental interactions is a challenge for quantum theories of mind, but decoherence depends on specific contexts and some coherence mechanisms may cooperate.
3) Higher-order statistical analyses of mesoscopic and macroscopic observations may reveal signatures of underlying quantum phenomena in the brain even if simple average quantities do not.
This document discusses how modern physics challenges the assumption of a single objective reality and how this impacts our understanding of psychosis and delusions. It notes that reality at the subatomic level depends on observation and measurement, suggesting reality is probabilistic and uncertain. This calls into question current definitions of delusions that rely on the existence of a single objective reality. The document explores implications for psychiatry, including rethinking diagnoses and allowing for multiple possible realities. It cautions against an overly simplistic view of psychosis based only on positive symptoms.
The document discusses the dissipative quantum model of the brain. It proposes that:
1) The brain's activity can be described by quantum field theory and the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry, which generates massless bosons (dipole wave quanta) that mediate long-range correlations and ordered patterns of neural activity.
2) Including dissipation is important because it describes the brain as an open system interacting with the environment. This is modeled by "doubling" the system's degrees of freedom.
3) The model can explain key properties of brain activity like coexisting amplitude modulated patterns, large memory capacity without interference between memories, and phase transitions between patterns during sequencing of activity.
1. The document discusses three computational modes of the mind: ordinary thought (conscious classical computation and unconscious quantum computation), and meta-thought (unconscious and non-algorithmic).
2. It proposes a quantum meta-language (QML) and probabilistic identity axiom to describe aspects of human reasoning and the disintegration of the self in conditions like schizophrenia.
3. The document introduces the concept of quantum coherent states of the mind, drawing an analogy to coherent states in quantum field theory which are eigenstates of the annihilation operator.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Lucio Tonello
1. Fano, March 29th 2012
PSYCHIATRY AND
QUANTUM CONSCIOUSNESS:
A POSSIBLE LINK?
Massimo COCCHI and Lucio TONELLO
FACULTY OF HUMAN SCIENCES
LUdeS University, Lugano, CH
&
“P. Sotgiu” INSTITUTE
Institute for Research in Quantitative & Quantum Psychiatry & Cardiology
2. Summary
SUMMARY
• CHAPTER 1: DEPRESSION
Fatty Acids profile and Major Depression
• CHAPTER 2: G PROTEIN
The G Protein Dynamics and Depression
• CHAPTER 3: CONSCIOUSNESS
Quantum Consciousness Models, Fatty Acids and
G ProteinD
• CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION
5. Chapter 1.1, Depression: Introduction
Data Base C 14:0
C 16:0
C 16:1
C 17:1
C 18:0
C 18:1n9
1) DATA BASE “Control” (n = 60)
C 18:1n7
(22 females and 38 males, mean age: 33.97, SD: ± 12.40)
C 18:2n6 19
C 18:3n3
Variables
C 20:3n3
C 20:4
in
C 22:4 Platelets
2) DATA BASE “Depression” (n = 84) C 22:5 Membran
(51 females and 33 males, mean age: 60.21, SD: ± 12.27) C 22:6n3
e
%SAT
%MON
%PUFA
Q10 tot
Vit E
7. Chapter 1.1, Depression: Introduction
Statistical Analysis
Many statistical tools
have been used: …
…
Cluster Analisys
Discriminant Analysis
Classification Trees
…
…
An interesting result
has been reached using:
8. Chapter 1.1, Depression: Introduction
Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
ANNs are Mathematical Models
representing what happens in the C.N.S.,
on the physical and/or physiological level.
ANNs are suitable for NON-LINEAR, or best,
COMPLEX PROBLEMS (mathematical meaning)
9. Chapter 1.1, Depression: Introduction
ANN analysis
8 Variables
Many kind of ANNs has
been performed.
The Self Organizing Map
(SOM), in particular, led to
important results.
3 Variables
10. Chapter 1.1, Depression: Introduction
ANN analysis
In fact, the SOM can map MD subjects and controls,
discriminating them in an interesting way, just using:
C16:0 – Palmitic Acid
C18:2 – Linoleic Acid
C20:4 – Arachidonic Acid
Let’s see:
what is a SOM and how does it work?
12. Chapter 1.2, Depression: Materials and Methods
Self Organizing Map (SOM)
(Malsburg, 1973; Kohonen,1982)
“Sensory inputs are mapped in sensory cortex”
Let’s think about:
The Somatosensory Cortex
13. Chapter 1.2, Depression: Materials and Methods
Visual cortex
For cells in visual area 1 of the
mammalian brain, (Hubel
&Weisel,1962) using
microelectrode studies with cats.
(...now using imaging tech.)
Keyword: neighbourhood
14. Chapter 1.2, Depression: Materials and Methods
Visual cortex
SIMILAR
NEAR
OBJECTS
DIFFERENT FAR
OBJECTS
Keyword: neighbourhood
15. Chapter 1.2, Depression: Materials and Methods
Natural and Artificial SOM
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
SENSORY CORTEX SENSORY CORTEX
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
SENSORY INPUT SENSORY INPUT
16. Chapter 1.2, Depression: Materials and Methods
SOM and Depression
Let’s try to map “Depression” and “Control” subjects!
For each Subject:
we will tell the ANN just Fatty Acids composition;
we will not tell what is the clinical diagnosis!
ANN Name: Enhanced SOM (E. Kohonen ANN)
Algorithm: AB Mexican Hat
Training Set: 144 Subjects
Software: SOM V
18. Chapter 1.3, Depression: Results
1) Bio-markers
At least in this experiment:
Arachidonic Acid (C20:4 )
Palmitic Acid (C16:0 )
Linoleic Acid (C18:2 )
(PLATLET MEMBRANE)
MEMBRANE
CAN DISCRIMINATE DEPRESSION
AND HAVE DIAGNOSTIC POWER
19. Chapter 1.3, Depression: Results
2) Border-line area
In this experiment:
LOW
RISK
NO
There is a BORDER-LINE area! RISK DEPRESSION
HIGH
RISK
21. Chapter 1.4, Depression: Discussion
Studying ADAM
ADAM found that:
AA, PA, LA
Seem to be the main actors in MD
Let’s try to study them!
What about the level of saturation, the
“viscosity”, “mobilty” of the cell membrane?
22. Chapter 1.4, Depression: Discussion
The level of saturation
As a measure of saturation level, we introduced the B2 index:
3
mpi
B2 = ∑ ( Ai ) i
1
Name
Palmitic A. C 16:0
i =1 mwi 2
3
Linoleic A.
Arachidonic A.
C 18:2
C 20:4
Where:
Ai = percentage of i-th Fatty Acid
mwi = molecular weight of i-th Fatty Acid
mpi = melting point of i-th Fatty Acid
B2 ≈ +0.25PA -0.02LA -0.16AA
23. Chapter 1.4, Depression: Discussion
Let’s plot B2 Values in ADAM.
Grafico a Linee di Livello 3D (pesi 6v*402c)
B2 = Minimi Quadrati Pesati con Distanze B2
20
18
16
14
12
Y
10
8
6 6
5
4
4
3
2
2 1
0
-1
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 -2
X
B2 seems to be consistent with Depression trend!
24. Chapter 1.4, Depression: Discussion
Conclusion
20
B2 = Minimi Quadrati Pesati con Distanze
B2
Grafico a Linee di Livello 3D (pesi 6v*402c)
18
16
14
12
Y
10
8
6 6
5
4 4
3
2
2 1
0
-1
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 -2
X
B2 index suggests:
DEPRESSION DIAGNOSIS SEEMS TO
BE LINKED TO THE LEVEL OF
SATURATION (viscosity, mobility?) OF
THE PLATELET MEMBRANE.
25. Chapter 1.4, Depression: Discussion
CHAPTER 1 - Conclusion
At least in the population investigated:
1) ANN (see ADAM) can express a diagnosis of
Depression using AA, LA and PA.
2) These 3 Fatty Acids seem to rule the world of
Depression in Platelets, according to the level of
saturation-unsaturation (“viscosity”, “mobility” ?) they
lead to.
27. Chapter 2: the G Protein
Let’s start from the “G PROTEIN”
“cell membrane proteins that are coupled
to cell surface receptors...”
β γ
α
G Protein seems to be involved in Psychiatric
Pathologies such as Mood Disorders and Depression
WHY?
28. Chapter 2: the G Protein
G PROTEIN dynamics
(toy model)
LIGAND
1) LIGAND reaches the receptor
β γ
α
α β γ
2) GTP reaches the Protein
GTP
β γ
3) Activation of Gα subunit
α
29. Chapter 2: the G Protein
cAMP signaling pathway
(toy model)
β γ
Adenylyl
α + cyclase
cAMP …
International scientific literature reports abnormalities
in the cAMP signaling cascade of the human brain in
suicide and depressive subjects for over two decades
(Cowburn et al., 1994; Pacheco et al., 1996; Dowlatshahi et al., 1999; Stewart et al., 2001; Dwivedi et al.,
2002, 2004; Pandey et al., 2005).
This could be a possible link!
30. Chapter 2: the G Protein
Gα subunit activation: conditions
LIGAND
Gα subunit activation depends on:
α β γ 2) Presence of Ligand
GTP
3) Presence of GTP
According to M. Rasenick (*)
there is a THIRD CONDITION:
The position of Gα (Gsα in particular) within
the LIPID RAFT MICRODOMAIN
(*) Donati et al. Depression, Gs, and Lipid Rafts. J. Neurosci., March 19, 2008. 28(12):3042–3050
31. Chapter 2: the G Protein
The Lipid Raft
Lipid rafts are:
“specialized structures on the plasma membrane that have an altered
lipid composition as well as links to the cytoskeleton”.
G Protein
γ
α β
Lipid Raft microdomain Cell membrane lipid bilayer
So…
Raft localization of GSα serves as
biomarker for neurological and
psychiatric diseases.
Allen JA, Halverson-Tamboli RA,Rasenick MM. Lipid raft microdomains and neurotransmitter signalling. Reviews, Nature, Vol 8, Feb 2007.
32. Chapter 2: the G Protein
from Brain… …to Platelet
“Raft localization of Gsα
in human peripheral tissue [maybe
platelet(*)] may thus serve as a
biomarker for depression”
Donati et al. Depression, Gs, and Lipid Rafts. J. Neurosci., March 19, 2008. 28(12):3042–3050
(*)“Studies using human platelets suggest that…”
(Mooney et al., 1988, 1998; Garcia-Sevilla et al., 1990; Pandey et al., 1990a,b; Menninger and Tabakoff, 1997;
Menninger et al., 2000; Hoffman et al., 2002; Hines and Tabakoff, 2005).
33. Chapter 2: the G Protein
The Hypothesis
DEPRESSION
DIAGNOSIS
Rasenick evaluates: Cocchi and Tonello evaluate:
Gsα within the Lipid Raft Platelet Membrane fatty acid
Microdomain (structures with composition and its level of
altered lipid composition thus saturation, thus “viscosity”,
“viscosity”) within a brain cell through B2.
membrane and in platelet.
ARE THESE APPROACHES DIFFERENT
MEASURES OF THE SAME THING?
34. Chapter 2: the G Protein
The Hypothesis
G Protein
γ
α β
Lipid Raft microdomain Cell membrane lipid bilayer
Is Cocchi & Tonello’s work an indirect
measure of the G Protein status
as well as Rasenick’s?
Cocchi & Tonello: Rasenick:
Cell membrane G Protein
platelet membrane Cell membrane lipid
composition STATUS Raft domain
35. Chapter 2: the G Protein
What a coincidence!?
“G proteins could be targeted to raft domains by
several mechanisms. The most plausible mechanism is
that Gα subunits are subject to palmitoylation…”
Allen JA, Halverson-Tamboli RA,Rasenick MM. Lipid raft microdomains and neurotransmitter signalling. Reviews,
Nature, Vol 8, Feb 2007.
Palmitoylation: the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as
Palmitic Acid, to cysteine residues of membrane proteins.
Palmitic Acid is one of the 3 fatty acids (together with
Arachidonic and Linoleic) used by ADAM as marker.
Palmitic Acid has a key role both
in raft domain dynamics
and in ADAM working!
36. Chapter 2: the G Protein
MOREOVER
“…an extensive body of scientific evidence suggest
that PUFAs affect cellular functions by modulating
the structure and function of specific lipid domains,
such as lipid rafts, within the plasma membrane(1).
A number of recent in vitro studies using model
membranes and cell culture systems have
demonstrated that PUFAs can greatly reduce raft
formation and can displace signalling proteins (2,3)”
Sottocornola E, Berra B, Progress in Nutrition Vol. 10, N. 4, 210-213,2008
1)Chen W, Jump DB, Essekman WJ, Busik JV. Inibition of cytokine signalling in human retinal endothelial cells through
modification of caveolae/lipid rafts by decosaexaenoic acid. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci 2007; 48: 18-26
2) Stulnig TM, Berger M, Sigmund T, Raederstorff D, Stockinger H, Walhausl W. Polyunseturated Faty Acids inhibit T
cell signal transduction by modification of detergent-insoluble membrane domains. J Cell Biol 1998; 143: 637-44
3) Stulnig TM, Huber J, Leitinger N. Polyunsaturated eicosapentaenoic acid displaces proteins from membrane rafts by
altering raft lipid composition. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 37335-40
37. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Summarizing Chapter 1 and 2:
According to Cocchi & Tonello (*), FAs (Arachidonic, Palmitic
and Linoleic Acid in particular) are strongly linked to
MD, Suicide, Mood Disorder and so on.
FATTY E MAJOR
DEPRESSION,
ACIDS
ETC.
* Cocchi M and Tonello L. Biological, Biochemical and Mathematical considerations about the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the
study of the connection between Platelet Fatty Acids and Major Depression. J Biol Res 2006; LXXXI, 82-87.
Cocchi M and Tonello L. Platelets, Fatty Acids, Depression and Cardiovascular Ischemic Pathology. Progress in Nutrition 2007; 9 (2): 94-104.
Cocchi M and Tonello L. Depressione Maggiore e Patologia Cardiovascolare Ischemica. Un Network fra piastrine, cuore e cervello. Reti Neurali
Artificiali, potenzialità predittiva di alcuni acidi grassi della membrana piastrinica. Bologna; CLUEB. 2007.
Cocchi M, Tonello L, Tsaluchidu S, Puri BK. The use of artificial neural networks to study fatty acids in neuropsychiatric disorders. BMC Psychiatry
2008; 8 (Suppl 1):S3. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-8-S1-S3.
Cocchi M, Tonello L, De Lucia A, Amato P. Platelet and Brain Fatty Acids: a model for the classifcation of the animals? Part 1. International Journal of
Anthropology 2009; 24(1) :69-76.
Cocchi M, Tonello L, Cappello G et al., Biochemical Markers in Major Depression as interface between Neuronal Network and Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). J Biol Res 2006; 81: 77-81.
38. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Summarizing Chapter 1 and 2:
According to Rasenick (*), G Protein dynamic is strongly linked
to MD, Suicide, Mood Disorder and so on.
G Protein
E MAJOR
DEPRESSION,
ETC.
* Allen JA, Halverson-Tamboli RA, Rasenick MM. Lipid raft microdomains and neurotransmitter
signalling. Nature 2007; 8: 128-40.
Donati RJ, Dwivedi Y, Roberts RC, Conley RR, Pandey GN, Rasenick MM. Postmortem brain
tissue of depressed suicides reveals increased Gs alpha
localization in lipid raft domains where it is less likely to activate adenylyl cyclase. J
Neurosci 2008; 28(12):3042-50.
39. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Summarizing…
Just call FAs and/or G Protein: “Cell Membrane”
FATTY E
ACIDS
MAJOR
H DEPRESSION,
ETC.
G Protein
E
40. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Summarizing
According to Cocchi & Tonello, FAs (Arachidonic, Palmitic and Linoleic Acid)
According to Rasenick, G Protein Dynamics
are strongly linked to Depression, Mood Disorder, Suicide
CELL E MAJOR
DEPRESSION,
MEMBRANE
ETC.
42. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994)
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001)
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007)
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
43. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994)
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001)
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007)
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
44. Chapter 3: Consciousness
The Orch OR model: introduction
In the mid 90s, Roger Penrose and Stuart
Hameroff present the “Orch OR” model.
Hameroff, S.R., & Penrose, R., (1996) Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence in brain microtubules: A model for
consciousness. In: Toward a Science of Consciousness - The First Tucson Discussions and Debates. (Hameroff, S.R.,
Kaszniak, and Scott, A.C., eds.), pp. 507-540, MIT Press. Also published in Mathematics and Computers in Simulation
(1996) 40:453-480.
Hameroff, S.R., & Penrose, R. (1996) Conscious events as orchestrated spacetime selections. Journal of Consciousness
Studies 3(1):36‑53
Some topics:
Let’s consider the Cytoskeleton:
a web of protein polymers
inside the neuron.
Schematic of central region of neuron
(distal axon and dendrites not shown)
showing parallel arrayed microtubules
interconnected by MAPs.
45. Chapter 3: Consciousness
From Cytoskeleton to Tubulin
The Cytoskeleton is made up of
microtubules interconnected by MAPs.
Microtubules are structure of Tubulin
subunits, a 8 nanometer dimer.
46. Chapter 3: Consciousness
The Orch OR model: tubulin
According to the Orch OR model,
Tubulin is the fundamental brick of consciousness.
The conscious event would be
the effect of complex quantum
computations involving
Tubulin and Microtubules as
main actors
47. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Cytoskeleton, Tubulin, Microtubules and Fatty Acids
Cytoskeleton, Microtubules and Tubulin dynamics
are strongly linked to Fatty Acids dynamics (*).
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
L FATTY
ACIDS
Tubulin
* Han X, Smith NL, Sil D, Holowka DA, McLafferty FW, Baird BA. IgE receptor-mediated
alteration of membrane-cytoskeleton interactions revealed by mass spectrometric analysis of
detergent-resistant membranes. Biochemistry 2009; 48(27):6540-50.
Bok E, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Sikorski AF. The interactions of actin cell and membrane
skeleton proteins with lipids. Postepy Biochem 2009; 55(2):207-22.
48. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Cytoskeleton, Tubulin, Microtubules and G Protein
Cytoskeleton, Microtubules and Tubulin dynamics
are strongly linked to G Protein dynamics (*).
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
L G Protein
Tubulin
* Layden BT, Saengsawang W, Donati RJ, Yang S, Mulhearn DC, Johnson ME, Rasenick MM.
Structural model of a complex between the heterotrimeric G protein, Gsalpha, and tubulin. Biochim
Biophys Acta. 2008 Jun;1783(6):964-73. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
Sukla Roychowdhury, Dulal Panda, Leslie Wilson, and Mark M. Rasenick. G Protein Subunits
Activate Tubulin GTPase and Modulate Microtubule Polymerization Dynamics J Biol Chem, Vol.
274, Issue 19, 13485-13490, May 7, 1999
49. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Summarizing…
Cell Membrane is linked to the “Orch. OR” model
OR
The
“Orch OR”
OR
Model
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
L CELL
MEMBRANE
Tubulin
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;
Penrose R, 1994)
50. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR CELL
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994) MEMBRANE
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001)
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007)
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
51. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR CELL
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994) MEMBRANE
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001)
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007)
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
52. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
Many important authors are working on...
…in the words of Globus (*):
TBD has its roots in the
“Quantum Electrodynamics of the brain’s
water dipole field inside the microtubules”
microtubules
* Globus G. Toward a quantum psychiatry: hallucination, thought insertion and DSM.
NeuroQuantology 2010; 8(1): 1-12.
53. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
According to the TBD model:
The neuronal
a coherent
cytoskeleton
water dipole
INTERACTS
WITH field
54. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
According to the TBD model:
The neuronal
cytoskeleton
It has a leading role!
So, the same considerations discussed above, linking
microtubules within the Orch OR model and membrane FAs,
can easily be extended to TBD!
TBD
55. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Summarizing…
Cell Membrane is linked to the “TBD” model
TBD
The
“TBD”
TBD
Model
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
L CELL
MEMBRANE
(Globus, 2003; 2009;
Tubulin
Jibu and Yasue, 1995;
Vitiello, 2001)
56. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
Actually, other points of contact are present, e.g.:
According to Vitiello (*), the
brain can be modelled as a mixed system
involving two separate but interacting levels
THE MEMORY ELECTROCHEMICAL
LEVEL ACTIVITY
INTERACT
QUANTUM DYNAMICAL CLASSICAL LEVEL
* G Vitiello G. Quantum dissipation and information: a route to consciousness modeling.
NeuroQuantology 2003; 2: 266-279.
57. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
According to Vitiello:
Glial cells… may constitute a link between the two levels
THE MEMORY GLIAL ELECTROCHEMICAL
LEVEL CELLS ACTIVITY
INTERACT
QUANTUM DYNAMICAL CLASSICAL LEVEL
* G Vitiello G. Quantum dissipation and information: a route to consciousness modeling.
NeuroQuantology 2003; 2: 266-279.
58. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
…and Glial cells are closely realted to FAs
GLIAL FATTY
closely related
CELLS ACIDS
For example:
astrocytes, are deeply involved
in arachidonic acid production.
The
“TBD”
TBD Glial CELL
Model Cells MEMBRANE
(Globus, 2003; 2009;
Jibu and Yasue, 1995;
Vitiello, 2001)
59. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR CELL
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994) MEMBRANE
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD CELL
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001) MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007)
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
60. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR CELL
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994) MEMBRANE
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD CELL
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001) MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007)
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
61. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Bernroider Ion Channels
Bernroider’s conception of quantum brain function
is built upon voltage controlled ion channels
the classical view on gating has to be changed
with respect to the high-resolution structure
elucidated by MacKinnon’s group
(Zhou, 2001; Morais-Cabral, 2001; Jiang, 2003)
* Bernroider G. and Roy S. Quantum entanglement of K ions, multiple channel states and the role of
noise in the brain. SPIE 2005; 5841 (29):205-14..
62. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Bernroider Ion Channels
In particular, in the ”paddle-model”, the transition moment
paddle-model
couples with the neighbouring lipids of the channel protein
This view is gaining strong support from an increasing number of studies
demonstrating that protein surrounding lipids engage in the control of
voltage gated Kv channels (*)
* Oliver D, Lien C-C, Soom M, Baukrowitz T, Jonas P, Fakler B. Functional conversion
between A-type and delayed rectifier K+ channels by membrane lipids. Science 2004; 304,
265-270.
63. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR CELL
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994) MEMBRANE
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD CELL
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001) MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels” CELL
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007) MEMBRANE
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
64. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR CELL
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994) MEMBRANE
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD CELL
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001) MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels” CELL
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007) MEMBRANE
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
(Stapp, 2005; etc.)
65. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Stapp’s model
Many other mind-brain quantum theories show connections,
coupling, and direct or indirect links to FAs. As an example:
Stapp’s model of consciousness (*)
consider it as quantum Zeno effect locating
quantum dynamics within the Ca2+ ion channel
This model clearly relates to membrane FAs,
in particular Arachidonic Acid
Roberts-Crowley ML, Mitra-Ganguli T, Liu L, Rittenhouse AR.
Regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by lipids. Cell Calcium 2009; 45(6):589-60.
* Stapp HP. Quantum interactive dualism. Journal of Consciousness Studies 2005; 12(11):43–58.
66. Chapter 3: Consciousness
Consciousness: quantum models
There exist many quantum models. Maybe, the most notable are:
The “Orch OR” Model
OR CELL
(Hameroff S, 1996, 98;Penrose R, 1994) MEMBRANE
Thermofield Brain Dynamics (TBD)
TBD CELL
(Globus, 2003; 2009; Jibu and Yasue, 1995; Vitiello, 2001) MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels” CELL
(Bernroider, 1999; 2003; 2004; 2005; Summhammer, 2007) MEMBRANE
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc. CELL
(Stapp, 2005; etc.) MEMBRANE
68. Chapter 4: Conclusion
From Consciousness..
So, Cell Membrane is linked to any quantum model of consciousness…
The “Orch OR” Model
OR
L
Thermofield Brain Dynamics
(TBD)
TBD
CELL
MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
69. Chapter 4: Conclusion
From Consciousness..
So, Cell Membrane is linked to any quantum model of consciousness…
The “Orch OR” Model
OR
L
Thermofield Brain Dynamics
(TBD)
TBD
CELL
MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels”
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
CONSCIOUSNE
SS
70. Chapter 4: Conclusion
…to Psychiatry
…but Cell Membrane is linked to Psychiatry, as well…
CELL E MAJOR
DEPRESSION,
MEMBRANE
ETC.
PSYCHIATRY
71. Chapter 4: Conclusion
From Consciousness... To Psychiatry
So…
The “Orch OR” Model
OR
Thermofield Brain Dynamics
(TBD)
TBD MAJOR
CELL DEPRESSION,
MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels” ETC.
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
CONSCIOUSNE PSYCHIATRY
SS
72. Chapter 4: Conclusion
Cell membrane: is it a bridge
from Consciousness to Psychiatry?
The “Orch OR” Model
OR
Thermofield Brain Dynamics
(TBD)
TBD MAJOR
CELL DEPRESSION,
MEMBRANE
Bernroider “Ion Channels” ETC.
Other clues: Stapp’s idea, etc.
CONSCIOUSNE PSYCHIATRY
SS
Tonello L. and Cocchi M. The Cell Membrane: is it a bridge from psychiatry to quantum consciousness?
NeuroQuantology. March 2010. Vol 8. Issue 1. Page 54‐60.
73. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
L E
CONSCIOUSNE CELL PSYCHIATRY
MEMBRANE
SS
Rasenick refers different G Protein status in
Depressive Suicidal versus Not-Suicidal dead Subjects.
Donati et al. Depression, Gs, and Lipid Rafts. J. Neurosci., March 19, 2008. 28(12):3042–3050
.. and G Protein Dynamics is closely related to
consciousness models (at least the main)
74. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
L E
CONSCIOUSNE CELL PSYCHIATRY
MEMBRANE
SS
IS A SUICIDAL,
AT LEAST IN THE MOMENT
HE IS KILLING HIMSELF,
A SUBJECT IN AN ALTERED
STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS?
75. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
L E
CONSCIOUSNE CELL PSYCHIATRY
MEMBRANE
SS
Cocchi and Tonello refer different FAs profiles in
Depressive versus Healthy Subjects.
Cocchi M and Tonello L. Platelets, Fatty Acids, Depression and Cardiovascular Ischemic Pathology. Progress in
Nutrition 2007; 9 (2): 94-104.
.. and FAs profiles are closely related to
consciousness models (at least the main)
76. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
L E
CONSCIOUSNE CELL PSYCHIATRY
MEMBRANE
SS
IS A DEPRESSIVE,
A SUBJECT IN AN ALTERED
STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS?
77. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
L E
CONSCIOUSNE CELL PSYCHIATRY
MEMBRANE
SS
May we consider Psychiatry as the study of
altered states of consciousness?
If so,
consciousness models can help psychiatry and
psyichiatry can help consciousness models
78. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
L E
CONSCIOUSNE CELL PSYCHIATRY
MEMBRANE
SS
If so…
If we have a tool providing a measure of the
depressed state, not in a dichotomous
manner (simply present or not present) but
in a continuous fashion, then will we thereby be
able to “measure consciousness”?
79. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
L E
CONSCIOUSNE CELL PSYCHIATRY
MEMBRANE
SS
For example:
LOW
RISK
It’s a tool for depression
NO
RISK DEPRESSION diagnosis, in a continuous
HIGH
fashion
RISK
80. Chapter 3: Consciousness
CONCLUSION
For example: WHAT ARE WE
MEASURING
LOW
RISK
HERE?
NO
RISK DEPRESSION
HIGH The Depressive state,
RISK
Consciousness?
81. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
…maybe, just …
…THE LONG SHADOW
OVER THE SOUL!
Thank you!
82. Slides not shown
In the first experiment shown, populations investigated are
different in age…
83. Remark
Populations are different!
Works have been done without takeing fully into account
Gender, Age and Medications! Somtimes they are different
(between populations). Why?
• Authors are searching STRONG BIOMARKERS, a STRONG
EVIDENCE in any case stronger than other variables like
Gender, Sex and Medications.
• Literature about Serotonin uptake and release refers that Platelet
changes “could not be explained by age, sex, or medication
variables” in schizophrenia and affective disorders (*).
• Validation on groups with the same Age, Gender and
Medications will be done, anyway, secondly.
(*) Stahl SM, Woo DJ, Mefford IN, Berger PA, Ciaranello RD. Hyperserotonemia and platelet serotonin uptake and
release in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1983 Jan;140(1):26-30.
84. Chapter 3: Consciousness
CONCLUSION
For example:
WHAT ARE WE
LOW
RISK
MEASURING
NO
HERE?
RISK DEPRESSION
HIGH
RISK
WHAT’S THE
UNIT?
85. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
For example:
ARE WE MEASURING,
LOW
RISK
SOMEHOW,
NO
CONSCIOUSNESS?
RISK DEPRESSION
HIGH
RISK
IS IT BLOOD THE
“MIRROR OF SOUL”?
86. Chapter 4: Conclusion
CONCLUSION
For example: WE DON’T KNOW IF
IT’S ABLE TO
LOW MEASURE OUR SOUL.
RISK
NO
RISK DEPRESSION
HIGH WHAT WE HOPE IS
RISK THAT IT COULD HELP
TO MEASURE…