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4. In communications and electronics, especially in
telecommunications, interference is anything
which modifies, or disrupts a signal as it travels
along a channel between a source and a receiver.
The term typically refers to the addition of
unwanted signals to a useful signal.
WHAT IS INTERFERENCE

5. Business support systems (BSS) are the components that
a telecommunications service provider (or telco) uses to run its business
operations towards customers.

12. A node can be a computer or some other device, such as a printer.
Every node has a unique network address, sometimes called a Data
Link Control (DLC) address or Media Access Control (MAC) address.
Mobility models characterize the movements of mobile users
with respect to their location, velocity and direction over a
period of time.

13. Effects of mobility Models
• Channel characteristics change over time and location
– signal paths change
– different delay variations of different signal parts
– different phases of signal parts
– quick changes in the power received (short term fading)
• Fading: time variation of the received signal strength caused by changes
in the transmission medium or paths.
– Rain, moving objects, moving sender/receiver, …
• Additional changes in
– distance to sender
– obstacles further away
– slow changes in the average
power received (long term fading)
short term fading
long term
fading
t
power

22. RTS-Request to send /CTS-Clear to send Model
A collision is the result of two devices on the same Ethernet network
attempting to transmit data at exactly the same time. The network
detects the "collision" of the two transmitted packets and discards them
both.

26. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a technical standard for
accessing information over a mobile wireless network. A WAP browser
is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses
the protocol.

32. a toll-free highway.

36. RWP-Random waypoint model