Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa. by Louise FoxIFPRI-PIM
The first PIM’s Brown Bag seminar in 2014 took place on February 27 at IFPRI and was dedicated to the topic of Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (with a presentation of the recently issued World Bank report on the topic). The session showed great interest among our colleagues working in the area of agricultural and food policies. Presenters included Louise Fox, co-author of the resent World Bank report on the topic, former World Bank Lead Economist and now Visiting Professor at UC Berkeley; Karen Brooks, the report’s contributor and PIM Director; and Frank Byamugisha, author of the book on land rights in Africa “Securing Africa's Land for Shared Prosperity: A Program to Scale Up Reforms and Investments”. More here: http://bit.ly/1g92XTa
Paper 1 Dr. Salman Shah Overview of Economy of Pakistan developmentpakistanoilseeds
The document discusses Punjab's strategy to improve productivity and competitiveness. It notes that Punjab currently has low global rankings that indicate a need for complete transformation. Punjab's strategy includes enhancing productivity and competitiveness through deregulation, improving the investment climate, improving resource efficiency, and reducing the cost of doing business. It highlights opportunities for Punjab including its large working age population, potential for urbanization, and connectivity through CPEC. The strategy aims to transform Punjab's economy from agriculture-driven to outward-looking and export-driven, fueled by socio-economic transformations.
The document discusses education and inclusive growth in Brazil. It summarizes that while access to education has improved substantially, reducing inequality, productivity remains low due to poor education quality. Test scores are below OECD averages and have improved slowly. This skills gap and low innovation rate have led to a decline in Brazil's potential growth rate. The quality of management in public schools is essential to address these issues.
Harnessing Science and Technology: Reviving the Philippine Manufacturing SectorNEDAhq
Keynote address of Socioeconomic Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General Arsenio M. Balisacan during the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Manila Hotel,10 July 2013
This document discusses Malaysia's economic development and challenges in transitioning to a high-income country. Key points include:
- Malaysia has been an upper-middle income country since 1988 but has yet to become high income, with a GDP per capita of $10,687 in 2013.
- Private investment declined significantly after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis while savings have exceeded investment.
- Malaysia's workforce remains relatively unskilled, with 77% educated only up to secondary level, and productivity growth has been slow.
- R&D expenditure is only 1.06% of GDP, lower than other developing Asian countries.
The document outlines Malaysia's transformation agenda to become a high-income nation by 2020, focusing
In 2021, the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) – together with Curated Connectors, a Singapore based start-up – hosted a webinar series to discuss how innovation, start-up creation, and entrepreneurship at large are contributing to shape the post-pandemic recovery. The discussions in each episode of the webinar series brought in innovators, ‘start-uppers’, and entrepreneurs from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its Dialogue Partners as well as experts from international organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), foundations, and policymakers. This report summarises the key messages and trends that arose from the first half of the webinar series.
The future of work will be shaped by three major forces: automation, globalization, and collaboration. Automation refers to increasingly intelligent machines performing human tasks, which could significantly impact jobs over the next 10-15 years. Globalization reflects both the ability of work to be done anywhere in the world and workers from abroad competing for jobs locally. Collaboration involves more flexible work arrangements like contracting for multiple employers simultaneously. While these changes may lower barriers to entrepreneurship and increase flexibility, they also risk higher unemployment, greater inequality, and more job insecurity, especially for young people who are already disadvantaged in the labor market. Policy responses will be needed to both enable young people to participate and protect them from negative impacts.
Presentation to glyndwr university 22 januaryMark Beatson
This document discusses how economic trends may impact managing people in organizations. It notes that the economy is expected to see slower growth than 2014 but better than the past 5 years. The labor market will continue expanding but wage growth is unlikely before 2016 if productivity increases. Population aging will affect both product demand and labor supply. Technological advances may reshape the labor market and required skills. European economic conditions will continue influencing the UK economy due to trade links. Long term trends like an aging population and rise of the knowledge economy are also discussed.
Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa. by Louise FoxIFPRI-PIM
The first PIM’s Brown Bag seminar in 2014 took place on February 27 at IFPRI and was dedicated to the topic of Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (with a presentation of the recently issued World Bank report on the topic). The session showed great interest among our colleagues working in the area of agricultural and food policies. Presenters included Louise Fox, co-author of the resent World Bank report on the topic, former World Bank Lead Economist and now Visiting Professor at UC Berkeley; Karen Brooks, the report’s contributor and PIM Director; and Frank Byamugisha, author of the book on land rights in Africa “Securing Africa's Land for Shared Prosperity: A Program to Scale Up Reforms and Investments”. More here: http://bit.ly/1g92XTa
Paper 1 Dr. Salman Shah Overview of Economy of Pakistan developmentpakistanoilseeds
The document discusses Punjab's strategy to improve productivity and competitiveness. It notes that Punjab currently has low global rankings that indicate a need for complete transformation. Punjab's strategy includes enhancing productivity and competitiveness through deregulation, improving the investment climate, improving resource efficiency, and reducing the cost of doing business. It highlights opportunities for Punjab including its large working age population, potential for urbanization, and connectivity through CPEC. The strategy aims to transform Punjab's economy from agriculture-driven to outward-looking and export-driven, fueled by socio-economic transformations.
The document discusses education and inclusive growth in Brazil. It summarizes that while access to education has improved substantially, reducing inequality, productivity remains low due to poor education quality. Test scores are below OECD averages and have improved slowly. This skills gap and low innovation rate have led to a decline in Brazil's potential growth rate. The quality of management in public schools is essential to address these issues.
Harnessing Science and Technology: Reviving the Philippine Manufacturing SectorNEDAhq
Keynote address of Socioeconomic Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General Arsenio M. Balisacan during the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Manila Hotel,10 July 2013
This document discusses Malaysia's economic development and challenges in transitioning to a high-income country. Key points include:
- Malaysia has been an upper-middle income country since 1988 but has yet to become high income, with a GDP per capita of $10,687 in 2013.
- Private investment declined significantly after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis while savings have exceeded investment.
- Malaysia's workforce remains relatively unskilled, with 77% educated only up to secondary level, and productivity growth has been slow.
- R&D expenditure is only 1.06% of GDP, lower than other developing Asian countries.
The document outlines Malaysia's transformation agenda to become a high-income nation by 2020, focusing
In 2021, the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) – together with Curated Connectors, a Singapore based start-up – hosted a webinar series to discuss how innovation, start-up creation, and entrepreneurship at large are contributing to shape the post-pandemic recovery. The discussions in each episode of the webinar series brought in innovators, ‘start-uppers’, and entrepreneurs from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its Dialogue Partners as well as experts from international organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), foundations, and policymakers. This report summarises the key messages and trends that arose from the first half of the webinar series.
The future of work will be shaped by three major forces: automation, globalization, and collaboration. Automation refers to increasingly intelligent machines performing human tasks, which could significantly impact jobs over the next 10-15 years. Globalization reflects both the ability of work to be done anywhere in the world and workers from abroad competing for jobs locally. Collaboration involves more flexible work arrangements like contracting for multiple employers simultaneously. While these changes may lower barriers to entrepreneurship and increase flexibility, they also risk higher unemployment, greater inequality, and more job insecurity, especially for young people who are already disadvantaged in the labor market. Policy responses will be needed to both enable young people to participate and protect them from negative impacts.
Presentation to glyndwr university 22 januaryMark Beatson
This document discusses how economic trends may impact managing people in organizations. It notes that the economy is expected to see slower growth than 2014 but better than the past 5 years. The labor market will continue expanding but wage growth is unlikely before 2016 if productivity increases. Population aging will affect both product demand and labor supply. Technological advances may reshape the labor market and required skills. European economic conditions will continue influencing the UK economy due to trade links. Long term trends like an aging population and rise of the knowledge economy are also discussed.
Margaret McMillan
IFPRI BOOK LAUNCH
Structural Change, Fundamentals, and Growth: A Framework and Case Studies
Edited by Margaret McMillan, Dani Rodrik, and Claudia Sepúlveda
MAY 11, 2017 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
The strategy of structural reforms in Uzbekistan is prepared to enhance the effectiveness of development efforts towards supporting the Republic of Uzbekistan in its aspirations to become an idustrialized upper middle-income country by the year 2030 through policy dialogue and development of a long-term strategy.
The document is an OECD economic survey of China that makes the following key points:
1. China has experienced impressive economic growth that has led to rising incomes, but it is now transitioning to slower, higher quality growth as the "new normal".
2. Significant economic and financial risks exist, but appear to be manageable if China enacts reforms.
3. Future growth will rely more on improving education and skills training to develop human capital. Rural incomes, living standards, and access to services need to be increased to reduce inequalities.
The document discusses economic and socioeconomic challenges facing Indonesia's new president Jokowi-JK, including managing growth after the commodity boom ends, creating sufficient jobs, and reducing inequality. Key reforms needed are fiscal reforms like reducing fuel subsidies to create fiscal space for infrastructure spending, making the labor market more flexible while protecting workers, investing more in social protection and skills training, and addressing income and regional disparities.
Ghana has experienced strong economic growth above sub-Saharan Africa averages since 2007. However, employment growth has lagged behind GDP growth, with the majority of jobs being low quality in the informal sector. While poverty has declined, inequality is increasing. Constraints to higher employment include a shortage of high-skilled and technical workers due to low education levels, and growth being concentrated in capital-intensive industries rather than high-employment sectors like agriculture and manufacturing. Targeted employment policies have had limited success, and job creation needs greater focus in national strategies to link growth to reductions in poverty and inequality.
The future of agriculture in africa - oct19 workshop updated v.3 B.ThierryBenoît THIERRY
prospective presentation 2020-2030-2050 about transformation of agriculture in africa - challenges and opportunities - climate chane - demography - economy
Presentation of FEF President Calixto Chikiamco during the #PHVote: The Leader I Want Forum Series: Aquino’s Last Mile: Ramping Up and Sustaining Daang Matuwid, held on August 3, 2015 at the
SGV Hall 3/F AIM Conference Center, Makati City
Financing women entrepreneurship in egyptcharisma_arts
An Egyptian social entrepreneur wrote a final project about financing women entrepreneurs in Egypt. As a female entrepreneur, she faced cultural challenges starting businesses in Egypt. While things have improved, financing remains important to support women entrepreneurs and achieve sustainability goals. The document discusses Egypt's economic indicators, unemployment rates, challenges women entrepreneurs face including lack of training and bureaucracy, and proposed solutions like providing training, connecting projects to funding, and offering tax incentives and mentorship for women-owned businesses.
Esta apresentação é sobre a classe média e Emprego na Ásia. "Um trabalho baseado em vários capítulos especiais intitulados: 'A ascensão da classe média na Ásia" e "Para uma maior qualidade do emprego na Ásia', explica Natalie Chun, Economista do Asian Development Bank, responsável por esta apresentação mostrada na “Conferência Internacional sobre Sustentabilidade e Promoção da Classe Média”, ocorrida em 25 de setembro de 2013. Veja mais na matéria: http://ow.ly/poL9G
2017 Ventureburn Tech Startup Survey resultsBurn Media
This survey of 260 South African startups revealed the following key insights:
- Most startups are in Western Cape (47%) and Gauteng (44%), led primarily by male founders aged 25-35 (65%). Half of founders are black.
- The biggest challenges startups face are lack of funding/capital (52%) and attracting market access and funding are top areas incubators can help.
- Most startups have been operating less than 2 years, employ 5 or fewer people, and generate less than R1 million in annual revenue.
- Initial funding primarily comes from personal savings/friends/family for 70% of startups, but 71% want over R1 million in future funding.
Prof. Margaret McMillan-2022 ReSAKSS Conference PresentationAKADEMIYA2063
This document summarizes opportunities and challenges for agri-food processing in Africa based on data from various countries. It finds that agri-processing accounts for a large share of employment and value added in many African countries' formal manufacturing sectors. Formal agri-business firms have seen overall growth in employment and labor productivity. There are opportunities to substitute imports with domestic production of processed foods, take advantage of the African Continental Free Trade Area to increase market access for African agri-processors, and boost productivity among millions of small agri-processors. However, challenges include the capital intensity limiting direct job creation in agri-processing and the need to raise agricultural productivity to support agri-processing growth.
101 lecture 20 income inequality and povertyGale Pooley
The document discusses several topics related to income inequality and economic growth including:
1. It shows graphs illustrating the exponential growth of ideas and patents over time compared to linear population growth.
2. It explains the power of compounding interest over time at different interest rates.
3. It discusses different types of capital (intellectual, entrepreneurial, financial, physical, cultural) that contribute to economic growth and notes Syria lacked some types of capital that were used to create the iPhone.
4. It covers concepts like redistributive fairness, meritocratic fairness, income quintiles, poverty rates in different countries, and debates around the role of government in addressing income inequality.
Mobilizing Youth within Phase 2 CGIAR CRPsIFPRI-PIM
Joint presentation by CIRAD Research Director Bruno Losch and PIM Director Karen Brooks at the CGIAR workshop on youth in agriculture and its role in the second phase of CGIAR. Research Programs (CRPs).
CGIAR Consortium Office, Montpellier, September 8-9, 2015.
Rural labour markets in transforming agricultural economies the case of ethiopiaessp2
This document summarizes findings from research on rural labor markets and off-farm income in Ethiopia's transforming agricultural economy. Key findings include:
1) Off-farm income makes up 18% of total rural household income, with wage income contributing 10%. Off-farm income is especially important for poorer households.
2) Rural wages have increased by 70% between 2004-2018, driven by agricultural growth. Higher wages provide incentives for mechanization and use of herbicides in agriculture.
3) Wage increases are linked to poverty reduction, as wages and poverty are negatively correlated. Policy implications include supporting skills development and adoption of technologies to maintain Ethiopia's low-wage advantage as wages rise.
2015.01.16 legislative symposium presentation ic 2msnelling
This document summarizes presentations from a legislative symposium on New Hampshire's economy and policy issues. The first presentation discusses New Hampshire's aging population, limited growth projections, and need to focus economic development on specific industries and regions. The second discusses New Hampshire's state budget, increasing health and human services spending, and debt levels. The third presentation covers energy prices and reliability in New England.
The document discusses the talent crisis that will impact supply chains by 2030 due to changes in demographics, population growth, and increased automation. The key points are:
- Population growth and an aging workforce will reduce the available labor supply, while automation will displace many jobs but also create new skills requirements. This will result in a period of transition and potential inequality.
- Reports predict that up to 35% of current jobs could be automated, while new skills will be needed. Both governments and businesses will need to address challenges around job transitions.
- The supply chain industry is already facing skill shortages and will be heavily impacted. Automation is essential to overcome issues but adoption has been slow. Areas that need
The presentation summarizes the effectiveness and lessons of the World Bank Group's support for health services in client countries, as outlined in IEG's evaluation.
Sustainable development — particularly environmental sustainability — is a central tenet of the World Bank Group’s strategy. IEG’s new report Results and Performance of the World Bank Group (RAP) provides a timely review of the Bank Group portfolio performance and examines how the Bank Group has mainstreamed and measured projects with potential environmental benefits.
Between FY08-10 and FY15-17, the overall share of projects or components with potential environmental benefits has increased 4 percentage points for the World Bank and IFC. However, projects with "Clean" and "Resilient" components, such as climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation, have risen, while support for "Green" project components has decreased, including in some traditional areas of environmental sustainability.
View the presentation from the live discussion.
Margaret McMillan
IFPRI BOOK LAUNCH
Structural Change, Fundamentals, and Growth: A Framework and Case Studies
Edited by Margaret McMillan, Dani Rodrik, and Claudia Sepúlveda
MAY 11, 2017 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
The strategy of structural reforms in Uzbekistan is prepared to enhance the effectiveness of development efforts towards supporting the Republic of Uzbekistan in its aspirations to become an idustrialized upper middle-income country by the year 2030 through policy dialogue and development of a long-term strategy.
The document is an OECD economic survey of China that makes the following key points:
1. China has experienced impressive economic growth that has led to rising incomes, but it is now transitioning to slower, higher quality growth as the "new normal".
2. Significant economic and financial risks exist, but appear to be manageable if China enacts reforms.
3. Future growth will rely more on improving education and skills training to develop human capital. Rural incomes, living standards, and access to services need to be increased to reduce inequalities.
The document discusses economic and socioeconomic challenges facing Indonesia's new president Jokowi-JK, including managing growth after the commodity boom ends, creating sufficient jobs, and reducing inequality. Key reforms needed are fiscal reforms like reducing fuel subsidies to create fiscal space for infrastructure spending, making the labor market more flexible while protecting workers, investing more in social protection and skills training, and addressing income and regional disparities.
Ghana has experienced strong economic growth above sub-Saharan Africa averages since 2007. However, employment growth has lagged behind GDP growth, with the majority of jobs being low quality in the informal sector. While poverty has declined, inequality is increasing. Constraints to higher employment include a shortage of high-skilled and technical workers due to low education levels, and growth being concentrated in capital-intensive industries rather than high-employment sectors like agriculture and manufacturing. Targeted employment policies have had limited success, and job creation needs greater focus in national strategies to link growth to reductions in poverty and inequality.
The future of agriculture in africa - oct19 workshop updated v.3 B.ThierryBenoît THIERRY
prospective presentation 2020-2030-2050 about transformation of agriculture in africa - challenges and opportunities - climate chane - demography - economy
Presentation of FEF President Calixto Chikiamco during the #PHVote: The Leader I Want Forum Series: Aquino’s Last Mile: Ramping Up and Sustaining Daang Matuwid, held on August 3, 2015 at the
SGV Hall 3/F AIM Conference Center, Makati City
Financing women entrepreneurship in egyptcharisma_arts
An Egyptian social entrepreneur wrote a final project about financing women entrepreneurs in Egypt. As a female entrepreneur, she faced cultural challenges starting businesses in Egypt. While things have improved, financing remains important to support women entrepreneurs and achieve sustainability goals. The document discusses Egypt's economic indicators, unemployment rates, challenges women entrepreneurs face including lack of training and bureaucracy, and proposed solutions like providing training, connecting projects to funding, and offering tax incentives and mentorship for women-owned businesses.
Esta apresentação é sobre a classe média e Emprego na Ásia. "Um trabalho baseado em vários capítulos especiais intitulados: 'A ascensão da classe média na Ásia" e "Para uma maior qualidade do emprego na Ásia', explica Natalie Chun, Economista do Asian Development Bank, responsável por esta apresentação mostrada na “Conferência Internacional sobre Sustentabilidade e Promoção da Classe Média”, ocorrida em 25 de setembro de 2013. Veja mais na matéria: http://ow.ly/poL9G
2017 Ventureburn Tech Startup Survey resultsBurn Media
This survey of 260 South African startups revealed the following key insights:
- Most startups are in Western Cape (47%) and Gauteng (44%), led primarily by male founders aged 25-35 (65%). Half of founders are black.
- The biggest challenges startups face are lack of funding/capital (52%) and attracting market access and funding are top areas incubators can help.
- Most startups have been operating less than 2 years, employ 5 or fewer people, and generate less than R1 million in annual revenue.
- Initial funding primarily comes from personal savings/friends/family for 70% of startups, but 71% want over R1 million in future funding.
Prof. Margaret McMillan-2022 ReSAKSS Conference PresentationAKADEMIYA2063
This document summarizes opportunities and challenges for agri-food processing in Africa based on data from various countries. It finds that agri-processing accounts for a large share of employment and value added in many African countries' formal manufacturing sectors. Formal agri-business firms have seen overall growth in employment and labor productivity. There are opportunities to substitute imports with domestic production of processed foods, take advantage of the African Continental Free Trade Area to increase market access for African agri-processors, and boost productivity among millions of small agri-processors. However, challenges include the capital intensity limiting direct job creation in agri-processing and the need to raise agricultural productivity to support agri-processing growth.
101 lecture 20 income inequality and povertyGale Pooley
The document discusses several topics related to income inequality and economic growth including:
1. It shows graphs illustrating the exponential growth of ideas and patents over time compared to linear population growth.
2. It explains the power of compounding interest over time at different interest rates.
3. It discusses different types of capital (intellectual, entrepreneurial, financial, physical, cultural) that contribute to economic growth and notes Syria lacked some types of capital that were used to create the iPhone.
4. It covers concepts like redistributive fairness, meritocratic fairness, income quintiles, poverty rates in different countries, and debates around the role of government in addressing income inequality.
Mobilizing Youth within Phase 2 CGIAR CRPsIFPRI-PIM
Joint presentation by CIRAD Research Director Bruno Losch and PIM Director Karen Brooks at the CGIAR workshop on youth in agriculture and its role in the second phase of CGIAR. Research Programs (CRPs).
CGIAR Consortium Office, Montpellier, September 8-9, 2015.
Rural labour markets in transforming agricultural economies the case of ethiopiaessp2
This document summarizes findings from research on rural labor markets and off-farm income in Ethiopia's transforming agricultural economy. Key findings include:
1) Off-farm income makes up 18% of total rural household income, with wage income contributing 10%. Off-farm income is especially important for poorer households.
2) Rural wages have increased by 70% between 2004-2018, driven by agricultural growth. Higher wages provide incentives for mechanization and use of herbicides in agriculture.
3) Wage increases are linked to poverty reduction, as wages and poverty are negatively correlated. Policy implications include supporting skills development and adoption of technologies to maintain Ethiopia's low-wage advantage as wages rise.
2015.01.16 legislative symposium presentation ic 2msnelling
This document summarizes presentations from a legislative symposium on New Hampshire's economy and policy issues. The first presentation discusses New Hampshire's aging population, limited growth projections, and need to focus economic development on specific industries and regions. The second discusses New Hampshire's state budget, increasing health and human services spending, and debt levels. The third presentation covers energy prices and reliability in New England.
The document discusses the talent crisis that will impact supply chains by 2030 due to changes in demographics, population growth, and increased automation. The key points are:
- Population growth and an aging workforce will reduce the available labor supply, while automation will displace many jobs but also create new skills requirements. This will result in a period of transition and potential inequality.
- Reports predict that up to 35% of current jobs could be automated, while new skills will be needed. Both governments and businesses will need to address challenges around job transitions.
- The supply chain industry is already facing skill shortages and will be heavily impacted. Automation is essential to overcome issues but adoption has been slow. Areas that need
Similar to Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (20)
The presentation summarizes the effectiveness and lessons of the World Bank Group's support for health services in client countries, as outlined in IEG's evaluation.
Sustainable development — particularly environmental sustainability — is a central tenet of the World Bank Group’s strategy. IEG’s new report Results and Performance of the World Bank Group (RAP) provides a timely review of the Bank Group portfolio performance and examines how the Bank Group has mainstreamed and measured projects with potential environmental benefits.
Between FY08-10 and FY15-17, the overall share of projects or components with potential environmental benefits has increased 4 percentage points for the World Bank and IFC. However, projects with "Clean" and "Resilient" components, such as climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation, have risen, while support for "Green" project components has decreased, including in some traditional areas of environmental sustainability.
View the presentation from the live discussion.
IEG’s new report, Results and Performance of the World Bank Group (RAP) provides a timely review of the Bank Group portfolio performance and offers key insights into how the Bank can also do better, to improve its project outcomes and achieve its broader development goals.
View this brief overview of the findings of IEG's evaluation, which assesses how the IFC has implemented its strategic approach to client engagement since the early 2000s, and its effects on IFC's clients and the development impact of its operations.
Findings from IEG’s report – A Thirst for Change: An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support for Water Supply and Sanitation with Focus on the Poor.
This presentation is a brief summary of IEG's Evaluation "Mobile Metropolises: Urban Transport Matters," which examines the World Bank Group’s effectiveness in supporting countries’ efforts to achieve mobility for all (including the poor, women, and disabled persons), sustainable urban transport service delivery (from the financial and environmental perspectives), and urban transport institutional development.
The document discusses how evaluation systems, like the Michelin Guide, can help development institutions improve results.
[1] The Michelin Guide is a trusted evaluation system that motivates restaurants to constantly monitor and improve quality. [2] Independent and self-evaluation systems play a similar role for development organizations in monitoring progress, identifying issues, and adapting over time. [3] A culture of self-evaluation from project start to finish is essential for success, just as internal monitoring incentivizes quality control for Michelin-rated restaurants.
The Sustainable Development Goal #7 to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030 has brought about a renewed focus on the 1.1 billion people around the world without any access to electricity. The increasing commercial viability of off-grid technologies provides an effective and scalable complement to traditional electricity grid expansion, and the opportunity to rapidly improve the livelihoods of millions across the globe.
Our panel of experts discussed the commercial viability and potential of off-grid technologies. Speakers from the World Bank Group, the private sector and non-profit sector shared their perspectives, drawing on their experience and knowledge of current sector trends. The event featured the findings and lessons of a recent IEG study: Reliable and Affordable Off-Grid Electricity Services for the Poor: Lessons from World Bank Group Experience.
This learning event was jointly hosted by the Independent Evaluation Group, the World Bank’s Energy & Extractives Global Practice, and the International Finance Corporation’s Clean Energy and Resource Efficiency Group.
The World Bank Group’s contributions towards client countries’ capital market development comes at a strategic juncture when Bank Group commitment to help mobilize long term finance for development has grown increasingly prominent. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess Bank Group support to client countries for development of their capital markets across the full spectrum of associated activities.
Lack of safe and affordable housing is a major development challenge – impacting over 330 million households globally. Watch a presentation about how the World Bank Group is working to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular the target of ensuring access for all to adequate, safe, and affordable housing.
This presentation discusses evaluative findings on Opportunities and Challenges from Working in Partnership. Partnerships among development actors are more prominent than ever and can have a tremendous impact on growth and development in general.
This document discusses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in delivering infrastructure projects and closing the global $1 trillion infrastructure gap. It outlines that PPPs can help leverage scarce public resources and increase efficiency, but are not a panacea. The document advocates taking a strategic country-by-country approach to determine if and how to use PPPs based on factors like sector readiness, public sector capacity, and fiscal implications. It also stresses the importance of addressing political economy challenges, investing in sectors with the most potential for PPPs, and learning from improved monitoring and evaluation of PPP projects.
This document discusses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in delivering infrastructure projects and closing the global $1 trillion infrastructure gap. It outlines that PPPs can help leverage scarce public resources and increase efficiency, but are not a panacea. The document advocates taking a strategic country-by-country approach to determine if and how to use PPPs based on factors like sector readiness, public sector capacity, and fiscal implications. It also stresses the importance of addressing political economy challenges, investing in sectors with the most potential for PPPs, and learning from improved monitoring and evaluation of PPP projects.
This document discusses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in delivering infrastructure projects and closing the global $1 trillion infrastructure gap. It outlines that PPPs can help leverage scarce public resources and increase efficiency, but are not a panacea. The document advocates taking a strategic country-by-country approach to determine where and how PPPs should be used based on factors like sector readiness, public sector capacity, and fiscal implications. It also stresses the importance of political will, stakeholder engagement, and investing in monitoring and evaluation to help PPPs succeed.
This document discusses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in delivering infrastructure projects and closing the global $1 trillion infrastructure gap. It outlines that PPPs can help leverage scarce public resources and increase efficiency, but are not a panacea. The document advocates taking a strategic country-by-country approach to determine if and how to use PPPs based on factors like sector readiness, public sector capacity, and fiscal implications. It also stresses the importance of addressing political economy challenges, investing in sectors with the most potential for PPPs, and learning from improved monitoring and evaluation of PPP projects.
This document discusses the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in delivering infrastructure projects and closing the global $1 trillion infrastructure gap. It outlines that PPPs can help leverage scarce public resources and increase efficiency, but are not a panacea. The document advocates taking a strategic country-by-country approach to determine where and how PPPs should be used based on factors like sector readiness, public sector capacity, and fiscal implications. It also stresses the importance of political will, stakeholder engagement, and investing in monitoring and evaluation to help PPPs succeed.
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have seen a rise in the last two decades and are now used in more than 134 developing countries, contributing about 15-20% of total infrastructure investment. The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluated World Bank Group PPP projects from the past 10 years and share lessons learned.
About 370 million people live in low-income fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS). They have higher poverty rates, lower growth rates, and weaker human development indicators than other low-income countries. This presentation outlines main findings from the evaluation of World Bank Group assistance to FCS.
This document discusses youth unemployment in Nigeria and proposes ways to address the issue. It begins by introducing the scope and objectives, which are to understand the causes of youth unemployment, challenges to solving it, and how to transition to more employment opportunities. It then analyzes the nature and characteristics of youth unemployment in Nigeria, finding high rates particularly for those aged 15-24 and those with secondary education. The document outlines many challenges to sustainable youth employment, including weak institutions, corruption, and insecurity. Finally, it proposes a path forward through reforms like improving institutions, investing in infrastructure, developing technical skills programs, and supporting small businesses and entrepreneurship.
This document summarizes the Community Services, Women and Youths Employment (CSWYE) Project of SURE-P in Nigeria. The project aims to generate quick employment by targeting unemployed women, youth, and vulnerable people through community-based work. Key results include engaging over 116,000 beneficiaries across 35 states in 5,761 services. What has worked well includes a community needs-based targeting mechanism, paying individuals directly into bank accounts via an electronic payment system, maintaining computerized records, and coordinating implementation between multiple government agencies. The project aims to continuously learn and improve through monitoring evaluations, stakeholder feedback, and learning from other similar projects.
More from Independent Evaluation Group /World Bank Group (20)
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How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...Aleksey Savkin
The Strategy Implementation System offers a structured approach to translating stakeholder needs into actionable strategies using high-level and low-level scorecards. It involves stakeholder analysis, strategy decomposition, adoption of strategic frameworks like Balanced Scorecard or OKR, and alignment of goals, initiatives, and KPIs.
Key Components:
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Strategy Decomposition
- Adoption of Business Frameworks
- Goal Setting
- Initiatives and Action Plans
- KPIs and Performance Metrics
- Learning and Adaptation
- Alignment and Cascading of Scorecards
Benefits:
- Systematic strategy formulation and execution.
- Framework flexibility and automation.
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Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
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2. Dimensions of the employment challenge
• The demographics, which created the youth bulge that is
emerging onto African labor markets but could, in the longer
term, stimulate economic growth and development.
• The structure of economies and of recent economic growth,
which failed to increase the supply of the wage jobs most
desired by the youth—and the prospects for reversing this
trend in the future.
• The massive expansion in access to education, which is
adding many years of schooling, but much less learning and
skills, to Sub-Saharan Africa.
• The aspirations of youth and policy makers, which focus on
the wage employment sector at the expense of more
immediate opportunities in the family farming and household
enterprise sectors.
3. Message of the report
Unemployment (of urban educated
graduates who want to work in the
wage sector) is just the tip of the
iceberg
Solving the youth employment problem
is about pathways for all youth into
productive work in the private sector: in
agriculture, household enterprises, as
well as modern wage enterprises
sector
4. The Opportunity and Challenge:Africa’s Youth
4
SSA Population 2015, 2035 South Asia Population 2015, 2035
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Population in millions
Male 2015 Female 2015
Male 2035 Female 2035
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Population in millions
Male 2015 Female 2015
Male 2035 Female 2035
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2011). World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision.
http://esa.un.org/wpp/Excel-Data/population.htm
5. Overthe past two decades,agriculture’s sharein GDPcontractedin
Africa,but manufacturing did not replace it
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010
Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia South Asia
Low Income
Agriculture
Industry (exc. Manufacturing)
Manufacturing
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010
Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia South Asia
Low-Middle Income
Agriculture
Industry (exc. Manufacturing)
Manufacturing
6. The share of employment in agriculture
contracted in many fast growing economies
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
Nigeria Rwanda Ghana Uganda Tanzania Senegal Cote
d'Ivoire
Percentagepointchangein
employmentshare
Agriculture Private wage Household enterprises
7. But agriculture still employs the majority of
the labor force
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Low Income Lower-Middle
Income
Resource Rich Upper-Middle
Income
Total
183 m 40 m 150 m 21 m 395 m
LaborForceDistribution15-64
Agriculture HE Wage Industry Wage Services Unemployed
8. Wage employment remains low in sub-Saharan
Africa
Especially in industry and compared with Asian
countries
8
SLENER BFA
TCDCOD CIV
LBR COM
MWI
RWA
KEN
COG AGONGA
CMR
SEN
GHA
LSO
STP
SWZ
BGD
BOL
KHM
MNG
NIC
PHI
VNM
LAO
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
WageIndustryemployment,2010(percentoftotal)
GDP per capita, 2010 (current U.S. dollars)
Sub-Saharan Africa low and low-middle income Comparators
Household
enterprises Agriculture
Industry Services
Low Income Sub-Saharan Africa 2.3 10.0 18.3 69.4
Lao PDR 5.4 8.1 19.0 67.5
Bangladesh 10.8 14.9 27.7 46.6
Cambodia 11.1 12.2 21.0 55.7
Low-Middle Income Sub-Saharan Africa 2.0 11.9 31.1 55.1
Vietnam 14.3 17.5 19.1 49.1
Nicaragua 13.3 30.6 22.9 33.2
Philippines 12.6 36.1 19.5 31.8
Bolivia 12.6 30.4 28.1 28.9
Mongolia 5.9 33.4 16.0 44.7
Sources: I2D2; and Sub-Saharan Africa estimation fromprojections.
Wage
Employed Population 15–64,2010
9. After a long transition to work, youth end
up in the same sectors as adults – can
they be more productive?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Age
Agriculture HE Wage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Age
Agriculture HE Wage
Rural Urban
10. 10
Number of new jobs by sector Distribution of new entrants by sector
125 million new jobs for 170 million new entrants
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Agriculture Household
enterprise
Wage
services
Wage
industry
Millions
New Jobs 2020
37%
38%
21%
4%
Agriculture Household enterprise
Wage services Wage industry
11. Framework for analyzing the youth
employment challenge: Productivity and
Pathways
• Focus on the private sector:
• Agriculture
• Household enterprises (HEs)
• Modern wage employment (where the majority want to work)
• Two policy dimensions
• Skills
• Business Environment
• Two time dimensions
• Address immediate constraints for quick wins
• Address medium term constraints for game changers
13. But quality is key, and this is lagging, so
benefits are not realized
(Percentageof students who cannot read a single word of a simple paragraph, 2010)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ghana Kenya Liberia Mali Senegal Senegal The
Gambia
Uganda
Grade 3 End
Grade 3
End
Grade 2
End
Grade2
Grade3 End
Grade3
End
Grade2
End
Grade2
14. Building skills is a medium term
agenda, but reform has to start now
• Countries can not get a quick win through TVET–
foundation has to be better education
• Cognitive and behavioral skills for productivity
• For agriculture, build skills through extension, with
programs targeted at youth
• Build on existing private approaches (e.g.
apprenticeships) to help youth enter HE sector
productively; address multiple constraints
• For entrance into wage jobs, use post-school TVET very
selectively, use PPP
15. In agriculture, youth need land and
support to make it productive
Land ownership by age group
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+
Percent
Age
Malawi Tanzania Uganda
Opportunities and constraints
• Growing demand for food
produced on Africa’s farms –
domestically and exports
• Youth can be early adopters
of new technology if it is
available
• Credit
• Rural infrastructure
• Land markets
• Private investment in agro-
processing
• Producer organizations
16. HEs are not SMEs – they need their own
approach, and youth need support to seize
opportunities
Most enterprises are family
operations
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Self Employed Self Employed
with Family
Helpers
With 1-4
Employees
5 + Employees
Youth struggle to start a business
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-65
66+
%
Distribution of HE owners
Share of age group being in HE owners
17. Grow HE employment for youth through
strategy to develop new businesses
• Need an inclusive strategy – at national and local level
• Urban authorities should support sector, provide locations
to work and sell
• Cluster for productivity, integrate into local development projects
• Expand infrastructure for productivity, profitability
• Voice and association – Ghana is a good example
18. Financial inclusion for family farms and
enterprises, as well as households
African youth save, but not in
banks
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
LI LMI UMI LI LMI UMI
SSA Rest of the World
Individuals15-24(%)
Formal Informal/Club Other
• Households, and farm or
business finances comingled
• Households need place to
save and to get credit
• Youth need savings to start a
business or buy inputs for the
farm, and a place to
safeguard profits
• Mobile money shows
promise but need better
regulations
• Informal savings groups are
filling the gap, especially in
rural areas
19. Amanufacturing strategy won’t solve today’s youth
employment, but it will help the next generation
Manufacturing employment has
grown slowly
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
1990
2007
1990
2007
1980
2003
1990
2007
1990
2007
1990
2000
1990
2007
Maufacturingemployment
('000,000workers)
―Game changer‖ scenario takes
time to have an effect
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Low Income Low Income Lower-middle
income
Lower-middle
income
Original Alternative Original Alternative
248 m 248 m 52 m 52 m
Inpercentoftotal
Agriculture Household enterprises Wage services
Wage industry Unemployed
20. What is needed for the ―game changer‖
scenario?
Need to raise productivity or lower
wages or both
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
1991-1993
2007-2009
1991-1993
2005-2007
1980-1982
2003
1991-1993
2000-2002
1991-1993
2007-2009
1991-1993
2000-2002
1991-1993
2005-2007
Ethiopia Kenya GhanaCameroonMalawi SenegalTanzania
UnitLaborCost
China India Brazil
• Ample supply of unskilled
labor in most countries
• Primary focus should be on
business environment
• Business environment often
protects status quo
• Well known cost issues need
to be addressed:
infrastructure costs, high land
and input costs, expensive
logistics, lack of finance, etc.
• Management and market
know-how may be a
constraint
21. What operational approaches show
promise?
• Enable the private sector, don’t duplicate it
• Use NGOs and decentralized approaches for flexibility
• Performance contracts, monitoring and evaluation
• Safety net programs are reaching poor areas, use them to
help low income youth get started
• Programs geared to young women’s needs show high
returns
22. YE is about building skills through improving the
quality of education, as well as behavioral and
business skills
YE is about agriculture – where strategies exist
but have not been implemented, and could
benefit from a youth lens
YE is about household non-farm enterprises
– where few strategies exist
YE is about creating more labor intensive
enterprises as fast as possible to absorb the
supply of new entrants with education who want
wage jobs
YE is about female empowerment and focus on
the poor
Governments need to own the ―whole‖ problem
A mix of
action -
quick wins
and laying
the
foundation
for sustained
progress
SSA has a youth bulgeThe fertility transition has not happened at the regional level—unlike other regionsIn many countries, the fertility transition has stalled
If you compare the employment structure in low and middle income countries in SSA to high manufacturing exporters in Asia and LAC, you see about the same share in agriculture, but SSA has much less wage employment, esp. industrial sector wage employment - Viet Nam has 50% of LF still in ag, but 30% in wage employment, with about half of that in industry