The Lost Creek Wildfire Adapted Community Plan aims to improve wildfire preparedness and safety in the Lost Creek neighborhood. The plan seeks to (1) inspect homes in high risk wildland-urban interface areas to assess compliance with firewise standards, (2) educate homeowners on mitigation measures and provide assistance with landscaping/debris removal, and (3) develop an evacuation plan coordinated with other entities in the area and provide education to residents. The plan also aims to conduct fuel reduction projects on public and private lands, advocate for improved emergency response times, and update local development codes to incorporate firewise building standards.
This document provides information on forest fires, including:
1) It defines forest fires and discusses their components - fuel, oxygen, and heat. Surface fires that burn litter on the forest floor are the most common type.
2) The fire triangle illustrates how weather, fuels, and human factors influence wildfire risk. Topography, wind, and low humidity can cause fires to spread rapidly.
3) Different types of fires are described, such as surface fires, underground fires, and crown fires that burn in treetops. Surface fires play an important role in forest regeneration.
This document discusses wildfires and forest fire management. It defines key terms related to wildfires and describes different types of fires, including ground fires, surface fires, and crown fires. Factors that influence fire behavior like weather, slope, and wind are examined. The document outlines the three requirements for a fire - fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. It also discusses fire prevention, suppression, and control methods like using firebreaks, prescribed burns, and mop-up activities after a fire. Finally, the beneficial uses of controlled fires are mentioned, such as reducing hazardous fuels and improving wildlife habitat and forest health.
A forest fire is a natural disaster consisting of a fire which
destroys a forested area, and can be a great danger to people
who live in forests as well as wildlife
•
Forest fires are generally started by lightning, but also by human
negligence or arson, and can burn thousands of square
kilometers
Forest fires are the most common disaster in forests. During dry summer months with no rain, forests become littered with dry leaves and twigs that can easily catch fire from the smallest spark. Forest fires cause imbalances in nature by reducing plant and animal life, endangering biodiversity. Traditional fire prevention methods have not been effective, so it is essential to increase public awareness, especially among those living near forests, on the threats of forest fires.
This document discusses forest fires, including their causes, types, effects, and prevention methods. It notes that forest fires are commonly started by natural causes like lightning or human causes such as careless visitors. There are two main types of forest fires - surface fires that burn dry materials on the ground and more dangerous crown fires that burn the tree tops. Forest fires cause significant economic and environmental damage by degrading forests, reducing biodiversity, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Prevention strategies discussed include education, controlled burning, rapid detection, and firefighting resources.
Wildfires can cause significant ecological and economic damage. They begin as confined or contained fires but can spread and burn out of control, threatening lives and property. The causes of wildfires include lightning, human negligence, and spontaneous combustion. Factors like fuel availability, weather, and topography determine a wildfire's size, duration, and intensity. Firefighters work to reduce heat, oxygen, or fuel available to wildfires using techniques like controlled burns, firebreaks, and water/chemical drops from aircraft.
The forest fires that occurred in Uttarakhand in 2016 destroyed large areas of forest cover and wildlife habitat. Possible causes included high temperatures from low rainfall, sparks from rock falls, and various human activities like burning agricultural fields, discarded cigarettes, and honey or timber collection. The fires had major environmental impacts like glacier melting, soil and wildlife habitat degradation. They also harmed livelihoods, health, tourism, and disrupted daily life. Management approaches include traditional methods like creating fire breaks and modern methods using aircraft and monitoring systems. Improved prevention requires awareness campaigns, safe practices, monitoring, and working with local communities.
Forests, fire and climate change dynamicsCIFOR-ICRAF
This CIFOR session of the 2014 IUFRO World Congress focusd on the latest scientific understanding of climate change and future global fire regimes, feedback on the global carbon balance, expected human and environmental impacts, and potential management strategies to mitigate negative impacts.
This document provides information on forest fires, including:
1) It defines forest fires and discusses their components - fuel, oxygen, and heat. Surface fires that burn litter on the forest floor are the most common type.
2) The fire triangle illustrates how weather, fuels, and human factors influence wildfire risk. Topography, wind, and low humidity can cause fires to spread rapidly.
3) Different types of fires are described, such as surface fires, underground fires, and crown fires that burn in treetops. Surface fires play an important role in forest regeneration.
This document discusses wildfires and forest fire management. It defines key terms related to wildfires and describes different types of fires, including ground fires, surface fires, and crown fires. Factors that influence fire behavior like weather, slope, and wind are examined. The document outlines the three requirements for a fire - fuel, oxygen, and an ignition source. It also discusses fire prevention, suppression, and control methods like using firebreaks, prescribed burns, and mop-up activities after a fire. Finally, the beneficial uses of controlled fires are mentioned, such as reducing hazardous fuels and improving wildlife habitat and forest health.
A forest fire is a natural disaster consisting of a fire which
destroys a forested area, and can be a great danger to people
who live in forests as well as wildlife
•
Forest fires are generally started by lightning, but also by human
negligence or arson, and can burn thousands of square
kilometers
Forest fires are the most common disaster in forests. During dry summer months with no rain, forests become littered with dry leaves and twigs that can easily catch fire from the smallest spark. Forest fires cause imbalances in nature by reducing plant and animal life, endangering biodiversity. Traditional fire prevention methods have not been effective, so it is essential to increase public awareness, especially among those living near forests, on the threats of forest fires.
This document discusses forest fires, including their causes, types, effects, and prevention methods. It notes that forest fires are commonly started by natural causes like lightning or human causes such as careless visitors. There are two main types of forest fires - surface fires that burn dry materials on the ground and more dangerous crown fires that burn the tree tops. Forest fires cause significant economic and environmental damage by degrading forests, reducing biodiversity, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Prevention strategies discussed include education, controlled burning, rapid detection, and firefighting resources.
Wildfires can cause significant ecological and economic damage. They begin as confined or contained fires but can spread and burn out of control, threatening lives and property. The causes of wildfires include lightning, human negligence, and spontaneous combustion. Factors like fuel availability, weather, and topography determine a wildfire's size, duration, and intensity. Firefighters work to reduce heat, oxygen, or fuel available to wildfires using techniques like controlled burns, firebreaks, and water/chemical drops from aircraft.
The forest fires that occurred in Uttarakhand in 2016 destroyed large areas of forest cover and wildlife habitat. Possible causes included high temperatures from low rainfall, sparks from rock falls, and various human activities like burning agricultural fields, discarded cigarettes, and honey or timber collection. The fires had major environmental impacts like glacier melting, soil and wildlife habitat degradation. They also harmed livelihoods, health, tourism, and disrupted daily life. Management approaches include traditional methods like creating fire breaks and modern methods using aircraft and monitoring systems. Improved prevention requires awareness campaigns, safe practices, monitoring, and working with local communities.
Forests, fire and climate change dynamicsCIFOR-ICRAF
This CIFOR session of the 2014 IUFRO World Congress focusd on the latest scientific understanding of climate change and future global fire regimes, feedback on the global carbon balance, expected human and environmental impacts, and potential management strategies to mitigate negative impacts.
This document is a social science project on forest fires done by 5 students. It defines a forest fire, discusses causes such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, and human activities. It describes types of forest fires and precautions like firefighting teams, safe practices, and fire drills. It provides case studies on the devastating 1871 Great Chicago Fire and the 2019 Amazon rainforest fires caused by slash and burn. The conclusion calls for studying fire impacts, involving local people, and addressing government responsibilities in containing fires.
Wildfires occur most frequently in hot, dry areas like parts of Africa, California, and Australia. They are caused by both human and natural factors. Human causes include arson, accidents from activities like smoking, and slash-and-burn farming practices. Natural causes include lightning strikes and spontaneous combustion of dried vegetation. Climate change is increasing global temperatures and fueling longer wildfire seasons with more extreme fires. This leads to greater damage, risks to human health from smoke, economic losses, and habitat destruction for animals. Firefighters work to contain wildfires through tactics like water bombing from planes and helicopters, controlled backburns, and fire lines.
The 2018 wildfire season in California was the deadliest and most destructive on record. Fueled by large amounts of dead trees, high winds, and accidental ignitions from power lines, over 8,500 fires burned nearly 2 million acres. The Camp Fire destroyed the town of Paradise and was the costliest disaster of 2018. Despite prevention efforts, more homes are being built in high risk areas, leading to greater damage. Future strategies include maintaining fuel breaks and placing power lines underground. Federal agencies supported state recovery through debris removal and flexibility for health services.
The document discusses forest fires, including their causes, effects, locations, and prevention methods. It notes that forest fires are usually caused by humans or lightning and can have environmental, economic, and social impacts. Maps and graphs show that fires occur most frequently in hot, dry areas and the largest fires in recent years burned over 500 acres. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of learning fire prevention techniques to reduce human-caused blazes.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes and effects. It notes that forest fires are most commonly caused by environmental factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors such as shifting cultivation, grazing or intentional fires. Forest fires can have significant negative impacts such as loss of timber and biodiversity, reduced forest cover, soil erosion, and negative health and economic effects on surrounding communities. A case study describes the 1871 Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin, which destroyed over 1 million acres and caused between 1,200-2,500 deaths, making it one of the worst forest fire disasters in American history.
The document discusses forest fires, including their causes, types, effects, and fire management needs. It notes that forest fires are most commonly caused by human activities like shifting cultivation or lighting fires for recreation, as well as environmental factors like lightning strikes. Surface fires spread along the forest floor while crown fires burn tree canopies. Forest fires cause damage like biodiversity loss, wildlife habitat loss, and increased carbon emissions. Proper fire management requires prevention, detection, rapid response, and research according to India's National Master Plan for Forest Fire Control. The document also summarizes two major historical fires, the 1871 Great Chicago Fire and Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin that killed over 1,000 people.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes, types, effects, and the need for fire management. It notes that forest fires are mainly caused by environmental factors like lightning or human activities such as shifting cultivation. Fires can spread along the forest floor as surface fires or through tree crowns as crown fires. Forest fires result in loss of timber, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and increase global warming. Proper fire management requires prevention, detection, control and research as outlined in India's National Master Plan for Forest Fire Control.
Forest fires are a major threat in forests during the dry summer months when leaves and other materials become highly flammable. Fires can be caused by natural events like lightning or human activities such as burning for grazing or warding off wild animals. There are two main types of forest fires - surface fires that burn along the forest floor and more dangerous crown fires that burn the tops of trees. Forest fires have many negative effects like loss of timber, wildlife, and biodiversity as well as increased soil erosion and global warming. Proper fire management through education, fire lines, watchers, and community involvement is needed to reduce fires and their impacts.
This document provides information about wildfires, including what they are, their causes, areas at risk, signs of wildfires, and their impacts. A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that burns vegetation and can spread rapidly. Factors like fuel, topography, and weather determine how likely an area is to experience wildfires and how quickly fires may spread. Signs of wildfires include large columns of smoke, fleeing animals, and the smell of burning. Wildfires can significantly impact lives, property, infrastructure, and the environment through destruction and damage.
Wildfires broke out in California in July 2009, burning over 3 months until being contained in October. A total of 63 fires burned across southern California, destroying homes and land. Scientists believe climate change is contributing to increased wildfire risk, with temperatures projected to rise 20-50% by century's end. This will significantly increase wildfire costs and damage to property in California without action to reduce global warming.
Forests and their effects on environment team 4_Erasmus+
Forest fires are caused by natural events like lightning and volcanic eruptions or human activities such as arson and equipment sparks. Large uncontrolled forest fires negatively impact the environment by increasing greenhouse gases and global warming, causing deforestation and wildlife depletion. When fires threaten communities, homes are destroyed and residents must evacuate.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes, types, effects, and fire management needs. It notes that the most common forest hazard is fire, which can be caused by both environmental/natural factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors like burning for grazing or agriculture. There are two main types of forest fires: surface fires that burn along the forest floor and crown fires that burn in the tree canopies. Forest fires cause damage through loss of resources, biodiversity, habitat, and increased carbon emissions. Effective fire management requires prevention, detection, rapid response, fuel modification, firefighting resources, and research/training.
Technology will destroy our planet-Shana AnkersmitShana Ankersmit
The document discusses how human-caused global warming is increasing wildfire risks by raising temperatures and altering weather patterns. It notes that the U.S. emits high levels of greenhouse gases, fueling more frequent and intense forest fires. While fires can benefit forests in some ways, climate change is causing fires to burn more severely and destructively. The increasing wildfire threat demonstrates the urgent need to curb carbon pollution and limit global warming to safer levels.
This presentation by Professor Lesley Hughes outlines the latest climate observations and projections for Australia and NSW and discuss how the climate-fire interaction is, and will continue, to change the way in which we manage both the natural environment, and the urban/bushland interface.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
The factors influencing vegetation (and thus habitat) in the sagebrush-steppe have changed dramatically in the past 100 years. There is clear evidence that the introduction of invasive species such as cheatgrass and medusahead has changed the way plant communities function and increased fire risk. Projections of future climate suggest fire risk will continue to increase over time. Informed management will play a key role in mitigating the loss of native plant communities in the future.
The 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season, known as the Black Summer, resulted in massive wildfires across multiple states from June 2019 to March 2020. Over 18 million hectares burned and an estimated 1 billion animals were killed. The fires had devastating economic and environmental impacts, including hazardous air quality, potential species extinctions, and over $1 billion in lost tourism revenue. By working cooperatively, firefighters from Australia and other countries were eventually able to contain and extinguish all fires, but not before multiple lives and homes were lost to the massive infernos.
This document discusses the challenges posed by climate change in increasing extreme fire danger in New South Wales, Australia. It notes that temperature rise is accelerating wildfire activity, with record-breaking heat waves and more days of catastrophic fire danger. Shorter winter seasons also reduce the window for controlled burns. To prepare, communities must update bushfire risk plans, strengthen local emergency committees, and pursue policies that improve resilience through public education and development compliance.
The 2019-20 Australian bushfire season was one of the worst on record. Fires began in June 2019 and continued into the new year, burning over 46 million acres across several states. At least 33 people died and over 1 billion animals were killed. The fires destroyed thousands of homes and structures, causing over $165 million in economic losses. Long-term impacts include habitat destruction, threats to water supplies from ash runoff, and increased greenhouse gas emissions exacerbating climate change. Managing future bushfire risk requires educating the public, reducing fuels through controlled burns, enforcing building codes in high risk areas, and enhancing firefighting resources.
RNS State Action Plan on Climate Change EPCO_forest_cc_20.09.2018RavindraSaksena
Presentation on "Impact of Climate Change on Forests of Madhya Pradesh" made in a workshop organised by the Environment Protetion & Conservation Organisation for State Action Plan on Climate Change
The document provides an assessment of wildfire risk for the Lost Creek community. It analyzes various wildfire risk factors like ignition density, fire intensity, rate of spread, and home defensibility across different areas of Lost Creek. GIS maps are used to visualize the data. Home defensibility is rated based on homeowners' ability to implement wildfire risk reduction measures within 100-200 feet of their homes. The analysis finds that Lost Creek has a serious wildfire risk and many homeowners have limited ability to protect their homes individually. It identifies priority areas for wildfire mitigation based on a combination of wildfire risk factors and home defensibility ratings.
This document provides an overview of wildfires in British Columbia and the role of FireSmart in wildfire prevention and mitigation. It summarizes the severe 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons which burned over 2.5 million hectares of land. It then explains what the Wildland Urban Interface is and how FireSmart guidelines can reduce wildfire risk to homes and communities through creating defensible space around structures. The document outlines the FireSmart zones and recommendations for vegetation management, construction materials, and the FireSmart Community Recognition Program. It introduces FireSmart BC and its role in maintaining the FireSmart program.
This document is a social science project on forest fires done by 5 students. It defines a forest fire, discusses causes such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, and human activities. It describes types of forest fires and precautions like firefighting teams, safe practices, and fire drills. It provides case studies on the devastating 1871 Great Chicago Fire and the 2019 Amazon rainforest fires caused by slash and burn. The conclusion calls for studying fire impacts, involving local people, and addressing government responsibilities in containing fires.
Wildfires occur most frequently in hot, dry areas like parts of Africa, California, and Australia. They are caused by both human and natural factors. Human causes include arson, accidents from activities like smoking, and slash-and-burn farming practices. Natural causes include lightning strikes and spontaneous combustion of dried vegetation. Climate change is increasing global temperatures and fueling longer wildfire seasons with more extreme fires. This leads to greater damage, risks to human health from smoke, economic losses, and habitat destruction for animals. Firefighters work to contain wildfires through tactics like water bombing from planes and helicopters, controlled backburns, and fire lines.
The 2018 wildfire season in California was the deadliest and most destructive on record. Fueled by large amounts of dead trees, high winds, and accidental ignitions from power lines, over 8,500 fires burned nearly 2 million acres. The Camp Fire destroyed the town of Paradise and was the costliest disaster of 2018. Despite prevention efforts, more homes are being built in high risk areas, leading to greater damage. Future strategies include maintaining fuel breaks and placing power lines underground. Federal agencies supported state recovery through debris removal and flexibility for health services.
The document discusses forest fires, including their causes, effects, locations, and prevention methods. It notes that forest fires are usually caused by humans or lightning and can have environmental, economic, and social impacts. Maps and graphs show that fires occur most frequently in hot, dry areas and the largest fires in recent years burned over 500 acres. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of learning fire prevention techniques to reduce human-caused blazes.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes and effects. It notes that forest fires are most commonly caused by environmental factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors such as shifting cultivation, grazing or intentional fires. Forest fires can have significant negative impacts such as loss of timber and biodiversity, reduced forest cover, soil erosion, and negative health and economic effects on surrounding communities. A case study describes the 1871 Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin, which destroyed over 1 million acres and caused between 1,200-2,500 deaths, making it one of the worst forest fire disasters in American history.
The document discusses forest fires, including their causes, types, effects, and fire management needs. It notes that forest fires are most commonly caused by human activities like shifting cultivation or lighting fires for recreation, as well as environmental factors like lightning strikes. Surface fires spread along the forest floor while crown fires burn tree canopies. Forest fires cause damage like biodiversity loss, wildlife habitat loss, and increased carbon emissions. Proper fire management requires prevention, detection, rapid response, and research according to India's National Master Plan for Forest Fire Control. The document also summarizes two major historical fires, the 1871 Great Chicago Fire and Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin that killed over 1,000 people.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes, types, effects, and the need for fire management. It notes that forest fires are mainly caused by environmental factors like lightning or human activities such as shifting cultivation. Fires can spread along the forest floor as surface fires or through tree crowns as crown fires. Forest fires result in loss of timber, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and increase global warming. Proper fire management requires prevention, detection, control and research as outlined in India's National Master Plan for Forest Fire Control.
Forest fires are a major threat in forests during the dry summer months when leaves and other materials become highly flammable. Fires can be caused by natural events like lightning or human activities such as burning for grazing or warding off wild animals. There are two main types of forest fires - surface fires that burn along the forest floor and more dangerous crown fires that burn the tops of trees. Forest fires have many negative effects like loss of timber, wildlife, and biodiversity as well as increased soil erosion and global warming. Proper fire management through education, fire lines, watchers, and community involvement is needed to reduce fires and their impacts.
This document provides information about wildfires, including what they are, their causes, areas at risk, signs of wildfires, and their impacts. A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that burns vegetation and can spread rapidly. Factors like fuel, topography, and weather determine how likely an area is to experience wildfires and how quickly fires may spread. Signs of wildfires include large columns of smoke, fleeing animals, and the smell of burning. Wildfires can significantly impact lives, property, infrastructure, and the environment through destruction and damage.
Wildfires broke out in California in July 2009, burning over 3 months until being contained in October. A total of 63 fires burned across southern California, destroying homes and land. Scientists believe climate change is contributing to increased wildfire risk, with temperatures projected to rise 20-50% by century's end. This will significantly increase wildfire costs and damage to property in California without action to reduce global warming.
Forests and their effects on environment team 4_Erasmus+
Forest fires are caused by natural events like lightning and volcanic eruptions or human activities such as arson and equipment sparks. Large uncontrolled forest fires negatively impact the environment by increasing greenhouse gases and global warming, causing deforestation and wildlife depletion. When fires threaten communities, homes are destroyed and residents must evacuate.
The document discusses forest fires, their causes, types, effects, and fire management needs. It notes that the most common forest hazard is fire, which can be caused by both environmental/natural factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors like burning for grazing or agriculture. There are two main types of forest fires: surface fires that burn along the forest floor and crown fires that burn in the tree canopies. Forest fires cause damage through loss of resources, biodiversity, habitat, and increased carbon emissions. Effective fire management requires prevention, detection, rapid response, fuel modification, firefighting resources, and research/training.
Technology will destroy our planet-Shana AnkersmitShana Ankersmit
The document discusses how human-caused global warming is increasing wildfire risks by raising temperatures and altering weather patterns. It notes that the U.S. emits high levels of greenhouse gases, fueling more frequent and intense forest fires. While fires can benefit forests in some ways, climate change is causing fires to burn more severely and destructively. The increasing wildfire threat demonstrates the urgent need to curb carbon pollution and limit global warming to safer levels.
This presentation by Professor Lesley Hughes outlines the latest climate observations and projections for Australia and NSW and discuss how the climate-fire interaction is, and will continue, to change the way in which we manage both the natural environment, and the urban/bushland interface.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
The factors influencing vegetation (and thus habitat) in the sagebrush-steppe have changed dramatically in the past 100 years. There is clear evidence that the introduction of invasive species such as cheatgrass and medusahead has changed the way plant communities function and increased fire risk. Projections of future climate suggest fire risk will continue to increase over time. Informed management will play a key role in mitigating the loss of native plant communities in the future.
The 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season, known as the Black Summer, resulted in massive wildfires across multiple states from June 2019 to March 2020. Over 18 million hectares burned and an estimated 1 billion animals were killed. The fires had devastating economic and environmental impacts, including hazardous air quality, potential species extinctions, and over $1 billion in lost tourism revenue. By working cooperatively, firefighters from Australia and other countries were eventually able to contain and extinguish all fires, but not before multiple lives and homes were lost to the massive infernos.
This document discusses the challenges posed by climate change in increasing extreme fire danger in New South Wales, Australia. It notes that temperature rise is accelerating wildfire activity, with record-breaking heat waves and more days of catastrophic fire danger. Shorter winter seasons also reduce the window for controlled burns. To prepare, communities must update bushfire risk plans, strengthen local emergency committees, and pursue policies that improve resilience through public education and development compliance.
The 2019-20 Australian bushfire season was one of the worst on record. Fires began in June 2019 and continued into the new year, burning over 46 million acres across several states. At least 33 people died and over 1 billion animals were killed. The fires destroyed thousands of homes and structures, causing over $165 million in economic losses. Long-term impacts include habitat destruction, threats to water supplies from ash runoff, and increased greenhouse gas emissions exacerbating climate change. Managing future bushfire risk requires educating the public, reducing fuels through controlled burns, enforcing building codes in high risk areas, and enhancing firefighting resources.
RNS State Action Plan on Climate Change EPCO_forest_cc_20.09.2018RavindraSaksena
Presentation on "Impact of Climate Change on Forests of Madhya Pradesh" made in a workshop organised by the Environment Protetion & Conservation Organisation for State Action Plan on Climate Change
The document provides an assessment of wildfire risk for the Lost Creek community. It analyzes various wildfire risk factors like ignition density, fire intensity, rate of spread, and home defensibility across different areas of Lost Creek. GIS maps are used to visualize the data. Home defensibility is rated based on homeowners' ability to implement wildfire risk reduction measures within 100-200 feet of their homes. The analysis finds that Lost Creek has a serious wildfire risk and many homeowners have limited ability to protect their homes individually. It identifies priority areas for wildfire mitigation based on a combination of wildfire risk factors and home defensibility ratings.
This document provides an overview of wildfires in British Columbia and the role of FireSmart in wildfire prevention and mitigation. It summarizes the severe 2017 and 2018 wildfire seasons which burned over 2.5 million hectares of land. It then explains what the Wildland Urban Interface is and how FireSmart guidelines can reduce wildfire risk to homes and communities through creating defensible space around structures. The document outlines the FireSmart zones and recommendations for vegetation management, construction materials, and the FireSmart Community Recognition Program. It introduces FireSmart BC and its role in maintaining the FireSmart program.
Disaster mitigation using smart grid applicationAntoh Mgwanest
This document discusses bushfires that have occurred in Australia, focusing on one in Kinglake, Victoria. It provides background on the terrain, vegetation and dwellings in the Kinglake area. During the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, over 170 people died in Kinglake. The fires destroyed over 2,000 homes and burned over 450,000 hectares. New technologies like drones could help fight and monitor bushfires more effectively by providing real-time data and images to firefighters. Drones are cheaper than manned aircraft and can operate in difficult conditions.
The document provides an introduction to the Firewise Communities program, which aims to encourage local communities to take proactive steps to prepare for and reduce the risk of wildfires, such as creating defensible space around homes and using fire-resistant materials in construction; it explains how wildfires spread and the role of fuels, weather, and terrain; and it outlines the criteria for becoming a recognized Firewise Community through the national program.
The document discusses the National Firewise Communities Program which aims to encourage and recognize communities that take proactive steps to prepare for wildfires, such as creating defensible space around homes and using fire-resistant materials in construction. It explains how wildfires spread and the role of fuels, weather, and terrain, and provides guidance on hazard assessment and implementing Firewise practices for landscaping and building to increase a home's chance of surviving a wildfire. Becoming a recognized Firewise Community involves undertaking assessments, projects, and annual reporting to reduce wildfire risks at the neighborhood level.
This document proposes strategies for promoting prescribed burns on private land in Wisconsin to restore prairie ecosystems. It suggests standardizing burns in conservation easement agreements and creating a "Learn to Burn" certification program to train landowners. This would help increase controlled burns while addressing landowner liability concerns. Prescribed fires are important for maintaining prairie diversity and reducing wildfire risk, while also providing benefits such as improved wildlife habitat and grazing land.
Disaster mitigation using smart grid applicationAntoh Mgwanest
The document discusses bushfires that have occurred in Australia, particularly one in 2009 near Kinglake that caused significant damage and loss of life. It describes the terrain, vegetation and dwellings in the Kinglake area and provides statistics on the impacts of the 2009 fire. These included 173 deaths, thousands of buildings destroyed, and hundreds of thousands of hectares burned. The document also discusses the effects of power blackouts from such fires and the potential role of drones in improving firefighting efforts through real-time monitoring and infrared imaging.
The document provides an annual report from the Nebraska Forest Service for 2012. It summarizes the devastating wildfire season of 2012 in which nearly 500,000 acres burned. It describes how proactive forest management helped protect Chadron State Park and its infrastructure from the fires. It also discusses ongoing threats from tree pests and diseases to Nebraska's trees that require assistance from the Forest Service.
ICLR Friday Forum: Risk reduction status of recovering wildfire impacted comm...glennmcgillivray
On Friday, May 15, 2015 ICLR held a Friday Forum workshop entitled 'The risk reduction status of recovering wildfire impacted communities in Canada' led by retired Parks Canada fire expert and consultant Alan Westhaver.
More than 722 homes were destroyed, thousands of local residents were subjected to untold suffering, and over $1 billion in insured losses resulted when wildfires burned into Kelowna, BC (2003) and Slave Lake, AB (2011). Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) disasters can be averted if residents take proactive measures (i.e. FireSmart) to reduce the risk of home ignitions. Recovery efforts following the Kelowna and Slave Lake catastrophes provide an opportunity to ask an important question: “To what degree have homeowners actually adopted FireSmart measures to mitigate the risk of future wildfire losses?” To answer that question a recent investigation, sponsored by ICLR, examined homes and properties rebuilt following the 2003 and 2011 wildfires. Modified hazard assessments were conducted on nearly 450 of these homes to evaluate 20 hazard factors related to structural, vegetation/fuel, topographic, and ignition potential. This session provided insight into the WUI fire problem, and results of the unique study were presented.
The document discusses the devastating Big Burn forest fire of 1910 in the United States. It was sparked by severe lightning storms in Montana and Idaho and spread rapidly due to high winds, burning over 3 million acres and causing 86 deaths and billions in property damage. The fire overwhelmed resources until a cold front brought rain and snow to extinguish it. The impacts of such large wildfires include loss of wildlife habitat, increased soil erosion, and water and air pollution.
Max Beukers of the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service and Scott Hetherington of Tweed Shire Council each describe a case study on fire management approaches for koala habitat in New South Wales. They compare and contrast different management approaches from the north and south coast, discussing key outcomes and highlighting the importance of community involvement, collaboration and long term commitments to monitoring.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
The document discusses wildland fire prevention strategies for nature preserves in Austin, Texas. It analyzes risk, hazards, and values to prioritize fire prevention activities. The key strategies discussed are education to change public behavior, engineering to install fuel breaks and spark arrestors, enforcement of fire regulations, and administration through planning, budgeting, and training. Specific prevention recommendations are provided for nature preserves and the urban-wildland interface, including defensible space guidelines and land management strategies tailored to individual preserves.
This proposal requests funding from the Bureau of Land Management to support forest management efforts on both public and private lands. The objectives are to provide training for foresters, address issues like wildfires and endangered species, and support regional forestry cooperation. The technical approach involves collaborating with BLM, USDA, and others to advance stewardship. The applicant has experience with forestry programs and resolving land disputes. Forests are important for mitigating climate change and the proposal aims to prepare a campground for a forestry convention.
Rocky Flats Horror Show: Rocky Flats, Candelas, and the Consequences of Nucle...Taylor LaPoint
This document discusses Rocky Flats, a former nuclear weapons facility, and Candelas, a nearby suburban development. It raises research questions about how capitalistic development conflicts with environmental justice in cases of nuclear waste. Rocky Flats had high levels of plutonium and other toxins from weapon production that were spread during facility fires. Candelas was built near the site, despite known contamination risks. Community groups advocate converting the area to a national sacrifice zone, rather than developing it, due to environmental injustice from lack of waste cleanup and health warnings.
This bushfire management plan outlines measures to minimize bushfire risk for a proposed residential development in Village 8, Ellenbrook. The development site is bordered by bushland that poses a bushfire hazard. The plan details the site's climate, vegetation, and topography. It proposes clearing all future residential lots and implementing fire management strategies before and during development. The objectives are to identify and mitigate bushfire threats to protect human safety, property, and the environment in compliance with bushfire planning guidelines.
Presentation by Clark Woodward of Redzone.co. This presentation was given at the Natural Hazard Mitigation Association's annual Symposium held every July in Broomfield, Colorado.
at least two pages in which you summarize the following issues regarmeghanthrelkeld256
at least two pages in which you summarize the following issues regarding human resources management within your fire service and/or emergency management organization and customer service within your community: 1. Describe the functions of human resources personnel within emergency management. 2. Describe the legal issues that may arise when hiring personnel in emergency management. 3. Outline motivation methods that can be used to retain personnel in emergency management. 4. Explain the importance of customer service to the community, especially in times of distress or grief that may occur after a fire or other emergency incident resulting in loss of life or property. Remember that the incident objectives should be flexible enough to allow for change in any strategic or tactical situation or decision. As part of this process, you will need to complete ICS Form 202 by establishing the objectives based on incident priorities, informed by situational awareness, leader's intent, and delegations of authority. Any information not provided in the background information, such as agency organization representatives, can be your organization's personnel or another organization. For Phase 2, download ICS Form ICS 202: Incident Objectives from the IAP Assignment Documents
IAP PHASE 2 scenario
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1. Wildfire Adapted Community Plan1
Description
A wildfire adapted community is defined by the United States Forest Service as "a knowledgeable and
engaged community in which the awareness and actions of residents regarding infrastructure, buildings,
landscaping, and the surrounding ecosystem lessens the need for extensive protection actions and
enables the community to safely accept wildfire as a part of the surrounding landscape." The National
Wildfire Coordinating Group definition, which was developed approved by the Wildland Urban
Interface Mitigation Committee, is "A human community consisting of informed and prepared citizens
collaboratively planning and taking action to safely coexist with wildland fire."
Firewise Concepts
The concept of the home ignition zone was developed by USDA Forest Service fire scientist Jack
Cohen in the late 1990s, following some breakthrough experimental research into how homes ignite
due to the effects of radiant heat.
The primary goal for Firewise landscaping is fuel reduction — limiting the amount of flammable
vegetation and materials surrounding the home and increasing the moisture content of remaining
vegetation. The home itself and everything around it up to 200 feet is known as the ‘home ignition
zone.’ Within this 200 foot area, there are three zones:
1 Draft, August 31, 2017
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 1
2. Zone 1 encircles the structure and all its attachments (wooden decks, fences, and boardwalks) for at
least 30 feet on all sides. Note: the 30-foot number comes from the very minimum distance, on flat
ground, that a wood wall can be separated from the radiant heat of large flames without igniting.
Zone 2 is 30 to 100 feet from the home, and plants in this zone should be low-growing, well irrigated
and less flammable.
Zone 3 is 100 to 200 feet from the home and this area should be thinned, although less space is required
than in Zone 2. NOTE: Because of other factors such as topography, the recommended distances to
mitigate for radiant heat exposure actually extend between 100 to 200 feet from the home – on a site-
specific basis.
Homes that are more than 200 feet from the wild land are less susceptible to radiant heat, provided
nearby homes do not ignite, but still susceptible to fire danger from embers and low ground fires.
All the research around home destruction and home survival in wildfires point to embers and small
flames as the main way that the majority of homes ignite in wildfires. For that reason, NFPA
recommends methods to prepare homes to withstand ember attack and minimize the likelihood of
flames or surface fire touching the home or any attachments (fences, decks, porches) as the first place
for homeowners to start working to prepare their properties.
Most homes, an estimated 90%, are destroyed from embers. Depending on fire intensity, wind speed
and the size of burning materials, embers can travel more than a mile away from the fire. These embers
can become lodged in something easily ignited on, in or near the house, eventually starting a small fire
which can grow and destroy the home. Proper attention to these vulnerable, easily-ignited areas of the
home helps to decrease the home’s risk to being destroyed by wildfire.
Inspection
As the city has stated that they will no longer conduct firewise inspections of homes, Lost Creek has to
provide it's own inspections.
Lost Creek has 318 homes directly in the WUI, adjacent to the wildland, or 25% of it's 1,250 homes.
The WUI is 6.5 miles long.
Of the 318 homes, about 50% have enough land between their house and the wildland to implement the
firewise recommendations for ignition zone 1. About 38% can implement zones 1 and 2. And, 12% can
implement all three zones.
The goals of the Lost Creek Wildfire Adapted Community Plan are to:
• Identify a group of 5 volunteers to form an inspection committee
• Send them to be trained as inspectors
• Inspect 100% of the homes in the WUI, adjacent to the wildland, that only have enough land to
implement zone 1
• Inspect 50% of all the homes having the ability to implement zones 1 and 2.
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 2
3. • Inspect any others on demand.
Home Owner Defense
The homeowner is responsible for the preparation and maintenance of his or her home and land from
radiant heat and embers from wildfires, and reducing the risk of fire transmission to neighbors. The
more land the homeowner has, the more ignition zones they have control over, the more defensible it is,
and the lower the risk of wildfire affecting their homes.
The goals of the Lost Creek Wildfire Adapted Community Plan are to:
• Provide education in firewise concepts
• Provide information on landscaping and services to help homeowners mitigate wildfire risks
• Raise money to help homeowners dispose of cuttings not provided by the city
Wild Land Mitigation
The wildland adjacent to Lost Creek has three types of owners:
• City of Austin
• Lost Creek Limited District
• Private owners
Almost all of the land owned by the city is part of the Barton Creek Wilderness Area, and part of that
area is also part of the Travis County Canyon Lands Preserve. It constitutes the largest portion of the
WUI with 3.1 miles. The land owned by the Limited District forms about 2.1 miles of the WUI. And,
private land makes up about 1.3 miles of the WUI.
If a 100 foot strip is is mitigated for a wildfire with a shaded fuel break, almost 80 acres will need to be
mitigated. Twice that or 160 acres for a 200 foot strip.
Shaded Fuel Break is removing the highly inflammable trees (eastern red cedar, brush, and small dead
trees) which when ignited shoot embers skyward that are blown down wind to ignite new sites. Wild
fire is cooled down from extremely hazardous to grass fire burning under hardwoods (that are less
combustible) which may or may not ignite. Fire fighters fighting a cooler fire are relatively safer and
their ability to contain the fire is more manageable.
“Fires regularly cost around $50 000 per acre to suppress whereas a shaded fuel break costs $500 to
$1,200/acre to create.2
”3 4 5
Once fuels have been modified within an area, maintenance activities should be planned and
implemented on a regular basis to keep the effectiveness of the original treatment. If no maintenance
activities occur, the effectiveness of the original treatment will diminish every year, potentially yielding
no net effect within 5 years. The necessary maintenance activities will be minimal if implemented on
an annual basis.
2 Community Shaded Break Project, Nevada County Resource Conservation District (NV)
3 Santa Clara County reported a cost of $15,000 an acre. (CA)
4 Butte County Fire Safe Commission reported a cost of $4,800 an acre. (CA)
5 The Auburn Journal reported a cost of $4.500 per acre. (CA)
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 3
4. Usin g the basis of $1,200 to $4,800 per acre, the project for a 200 feet wide shaded fuel break would
range between $192,000 and $768,000.
The goals of the Lost Creek Wildfire Adapted Community Plan would be to:
• Refine the cost estimate
• Explore and develop multiple sources to fund the project (city, county, state, federal,
foundations, individual and corporate contributions)
• Obtain bids
• Manage the project
Emergency Services
The goal of the Lost Creek Wildfire Adapted Community Plan is to advocate for improvement in EMS
and AFD response times. This might require a new Austin fire station on Loop 360, or an agreement
with the Travis County station already on Loop 360.
Evacuation Plan
With 1,250 dwelling units and over 3,000 citizens, the Lost Creek neighborhood is larger than the City
of West Lake Hills. In addition, the stretch of Loop 360 from Westbank to Las Cimas, has three schools
(2 elementary and 1 high school), office space approaching 1 million square feet, two other
neighborhoods and a shopping center. The evacuation plan for Lost Creek must include coordination
with all the other entities in the corridor. Part of the corridor is within the City of West Lake Hills, and
Loop 360 is managed by TxDOT.
Lost Creek has two primary exits – East and West on Lost Creek Blvd. - and a secondary exit north on
Falcon Ledge Drive.
Courtyard's Recently completed Evacuation Plan6
focuses on the following areas:
• Ready, Set, Go! Program
• When to Evacuate
• Evacuate or Shelter in Place
• If You Become Trapped
• Returning Home After a Wildfire
• Courtyard Wildfire Emergency Information
• People with Disabilities and Medical Conditions
• My Personal Wildland Fire Action Plan
The goals of the Lost Creek Wildfire Adapted Community Plan are to:
• Form a permanent committee for the neighborhood to create an evacuation plan and update it
6 It does not appear to specify evacuation routes or assembly locations external to the Courtyard. It does specify an
internal assembly point.
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 4
5. when necessary.
• Coordinate the evacuation route determination and emergency information sources with all
concerned entities.
• Administer education programs for the residents of Lost Creek.
Infrastructure
The infrastructure goals for the Lost Creek Wildfire Adapted Community Plan are to:
• Consider emergency vehicles in any traffic calming plan for Lost Creek Blvd.
• Advocate for higher water capacity for fire suppression. The Austin Fire Marshall has advised
Lost Creek that we currently have enough water to fight one house and 1/3 house fires,
insufficient for a wildfire emergency.
Land Development Code
Inn addition to all the activities mentioned above, Lost Creek should support two additions to the
Austin's Land Development Code:
1. A construction standard for new homes built in the WUI7
.
2. Implementation of the firewise ignition zones model to buffer new homes being built on the
WUI.
Resources
Natural and Built Environment Code Prescription: Analysis, Paul Schumann, April 26, 2016
Lost Creek Wildfire Assessment, Paul Schumann, September 28, 2016
Fire Adapted Austin, Justice Jones
Wildfire Evacuation Planning: Austin and Travis County, Justice Jones
Courtyard Community Wildfire Evacuation Plan, July 18, 2017
7 Wildlands Urban Interface
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 5
6. Appendix
Home Defensibility
A Fire Adapted Community
A fire adapted community is defined by the United States Forest Service as "a knowledgeable and
engaged community in which the awareness and actions of residents regarding infrastructure, buildings,
landscaping, and the surrounding ecosystem lessens the need for extensive protection actions and
enables the community to safely accept fire as a part of the surrounding landscape." The National
Wildfire Coordinating Group definition, which was developed approved by the Wildland Urban
Interface Mitigation Committee, is "A human community consisting of informed and prepared citizens
collaboratively planning and taking action to safely coexist with wildland fire."
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 6
7. Achieving fire adapted communities is an approach that concentrates on plans and activities that reduce
risk before a wildfire occurs. It does not rely on government agencies, through suppression activities, to
protect communities after a wildfire starts. While a precise definition may not exist, a fire adapted
community has a combination or mixture of similar characteristics:
• The community exists within or adjacent to a fire prone ecosystem and has a defined
geographic boundary.
• Residents possess the knowledge, skills, and willingness to properly prepare their homes
before a wildfire threatens, prepare to evacuate, and safely evacuate when necessary.
• Local fire suppression forces have the adequate skills, equipment and capacity to manage
wildfire.
• Residents and the local fire agencies have met and understand the local fire suppression
capability and related fire response expectations.
• Landowners are aware of fuels threats on their property and have taken action to mitigate
the danger.
• Structures and landscaping are designed, constructed, retrofitted, and maintained in a
manner that is ignition resistant.
• A community wildfire protection plan is developed and implemented.
• The community has embraced the need for defensible space by creating fuel reduction
zones and internal safety zones, where treatments have been properly spaced, sequenced,
and maintained over the long term.
• Local government has effective land use planning and regulation, including building codes
and local ordinances.
• Property owners have an understanding of their responsibilities before, during and after a
fire.
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 7
8. Wildfire Risk
August 31, 2017 Paul Schumann 8
Area Ignition
Density
Fire
Intensity
Rate of
Spread
Fire type Defensibility
of Homes
Number of
Homes
Barton Creek 43% 90% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy 59% 13
Barton Creek
North
50% 90% 55 – 165
ft/min
Canopy 100% 4
Barton Creek
South
14% 88% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy
Some Surface
47% 15
Barton Creek SW 14% 90% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy 33% 6
Barton Creek
West
28% 80% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy 33% 8 + condos
Big Canyon 28% 88% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy 44% 22
Country Club 28% 88% 55 – 165
ft/min
Canopy 100% 21
Cypress Canyon 21% 90% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy 54% 53
Indian Canyon 71% 90% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy 50% 34
Marshal Ranch 100% 85% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy
Some Surface
37% 21
Sedgefield
Canyon
43% 90% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy
Some Surface
50% 32
Y Canyon 93% 90% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy
Some Surface
45% 66
Y Canyon South 43% 90% 33 – 44 ft/min Canopy 64% 23