The document summarizes research conducted on botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker's 1839 collections from the Cape Verde Islands. Researchers searched the Kew Herbarium, library, and archives to find and study Hooker's unique Cape Verde specimens, including 450 records added to the catalog. They also transcribed Hooker's Antarctic journal pages and letters between Hooker and botanist Philip Barker Webb discussing the Cape Verde flora. The research aims to make Hooker's Cape Verde Island collections available digitally and publish related academic papers.
The document describes a collection of pressed plant specimens from the 19th century that are part of the National Herbarium at the Canadian Museum of Nature. The oldest specimen, a cloudberry, was collected by Dr. Robert Bell in 1884 during an expedition to Hudson Bay. Bell collected many specimens throughout his career on various Arctic expeditions to document the natural resources of Canada's North. Over a century later, the specimens are still well-preserved and provide valuable information about the historical distribution of Arctic plants.
This was originally prepared to educate school and college students during Darwin birth bicentenary but I continued to make presentations for the children.
The document summarizes a project to digitize historic museum collections from Taiwan that are deposited in foreign countries. It describes botanical exploration of Taiwan from 1854-1895, including collectors who made significant contributions. It outlines the subprojects, including digitizing over 500 species of vascular plant type specimens in European herbaria and over 699 insect specimens in Japanese institutions. Memorandums of understanding have been established with collaborating foreign museums.
This document contains captions for 72 photographic works from the early history of photography between 1840 and the 1860s. The works include portraits, landscapes, architectural views, scientific studies, and documentation of historical events. The formats represented are daguerreotypes, salted paper prints, albumen prints, and other early photographic print types. The photographs are credited to important early photographers such as Southworth and Hawes, Gustave Le Gray, and Robert Adamson.
A Monograph of the Genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae).
Author: Carlos Aedo
2023
Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid.
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
Editorial CSIC: publ@csic.es
This document provides information about two upcoming book fairs in California in January and February 2015 hosted by Douglas Stewart Fine Books Ltd. It includes the event details and locations for the Pasadena Antiquarian Book, Print, Photo and Paper Fair from January 31-February 1, 2015 at the Pasadena Convention Center and the California International Antiquarian Book Fair from February 6-8, 2015 at the Oakland Marriott City Center. It encourages interested parties to sign up for their monthly email newsletter to receive information about new acquisitions.
Darwin's Sexy Orchids: Case Study On the Origin of Species by Means of Natura...Harvey Brenneise
Darwin spent over a year intensely studying orchids, conducting experiments and dissecting flowers. He examined both British and foreign orchid species. Darwin was fascinated by the complex adaptations between orchids and their insect pollinators. He saw the orchid's structures as evidence of multiple modifications through natural selection. Darwin published his findings in 1862 in his book On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects.
The Great Gray Owl was first described scientifically from a specimen collected in Ontario, Canada in 1772. Additionally, the first recorded Great Gray Owl nest was discovered in Canada in 1826. While rare in Europe historically, the Great Gray Owl population was likely much larger in North America, contributing to its earlier discovery and documentation in Canada rather than Europe. The article discusses the early taxonomic history and first records of the Great Gray Owl in both North America and Europe.
The document describes a collection of pressed plant specimens from the 19th century that are part of the National Herbarium at the Canadian Museum of Nature. The oldest specimen, a cloudberry, was collected by Dr. Robert Bell in 1884 during an expedition to Hudson Bay. Bell collected many specimens throughout his career on various Arctic expeditions to document the natural resources of Canada's North. Over a century later, the specimens are still well-preserved and provide valuable information about the historical distribution of Arctic plants.
This was originally prepared to educate school and college students during Darwin birth bicentenary but I continued to make presentations for the children.
The document summarizes a project to digitize historic museum collections from Taiwan that are deposited in foreign countries. It describes botanical exploration of Taiwan from 1854-1895, including collectors who made significant contributions. It outlines the subprojects, including digitizing over 500 species of vascular plant type specimens in European herbaria and over 699 insect specimens in Japanese institutions. Memorandums of understanding have been established with collaborating foreign museums.
This document contains captions for 72 photographic works from the early history of photography between 1840 and the 1860s. The works include portraits, landscapes, architectural views, scientific studies, and documentation of historical events. The formats represented are daguerreotypes, salted paper prints, albumen prints, and other early photographic print types. The photographs are credited to important early photographers such as Southworth and Hawes, Gustave Le Gray, and Robert Adamson.
A Monograph of the Genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae).
Author: Carlos Aedo
2023
Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid.
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
Editorial CSIC: publ@csic.es
This document provides information about two upcoming book fairs in California in January and February 2015 hosted by Douglas Stewart Fine Books Ltd. It includes the event details and locations for the Pasadena Antiquarian Book, Print, Photo and Paper Fair from January 31-February 1, 2015 at the Pasadena Convention Center and the California International Antiquarian Book Fair from February 6-8, 2015 at the Oakland Marriott City Center. It encourages interested parties to sign up for their monthly email newsletter to receive information about new acquisitions.
Darwin's Sexy Orchids: Case Study On the Origin of Species by Means of Natura...Harvey Brenneise
Darwin spent over a year intensely studying orchids, conducting experiments and dissecting flowers. He examined both British and foreign orchid species. Darwin was fascinated by the complex adaptations between orchids and their insect pollinators. He saw the orchid's structures as evidence of multiple modifications through natural selection. Darwin published his findings in 1862 in his book On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects.
The Great Gray Owl was first described scientifically from a specimen collected in Ontario, Canada in 1772. Additionally, the first recorded Great Gray Owl nest was discovered in Canada in 1826. While rare in Europe historically, the Great Gray Owl population was likely much larger in North America, contributing to its earlier discovery and documentation in Canada rather than Europe. The article discusses the early taxonomic history and first records of the Great Gray Owl in both North America and Europe.
The Golden Grove Plantation dates from the 17th Century with links to the famous slave rebellion in 1816
The coral rock of the Golden Grove Terrace has been dated to c. 220,000 years ago and evidence of Amerindian settlement has been found by Three Houses stream, which borders Golden Grove.
The great house is thought to have been largely rebuilt after the hurricane of 1831 and exhibits the Georgian style feature staircase, original pine flooring and hurricane shuttered sash windows of the period. Below are photos of the interior of the property.
Scythia: The Amazing Origins of Ancient IrelandHervé Cariou
(extract) "In 1314, the Battle of Bannockburn led to Scotland’s independence. On 6 April 1320, the Scottish sovereign, Robert Bruce, and fifty signatories sent a declaration of independence to Pope John XXII. This is the Declaration of Arbroath, written in Latin. And it contains a surprising passage:"
Three surviving vihuelas have been discovered. The first, found in Paris, is unusually large and was possibly a masterpiece. It has an inscription indicating it was made in 1525 in Toledo. A second instrument found in Quito, Ecuador in 1976 may also be a vihuela, though some debate its authenticity. A third, the "Chambure vihuela" rediscovered in Paris in 1996, has a distinctive ribbed back construction similar to another potential vihuela in London dated to 1581 by its label, though experts disagree on whether this is actually a vihuela or early guitar.
Botany Under the Midnight Sun: Floristic Discoveries on Victoria Island, Nuna...Jeff Saarela
The document summarizes the findings of a botanical expedition to Victoria Island in Nunavut, Canada. The team collected over 1100 plant specimens, discovering 1 species new to Canada, 4 taxa new to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and several first records for Victoria Island and southwest Victoria Island. Significant new information was gained about the Arctic flora, including range extensions and new localities of rare species.
Genealogy in the Sun 2015 Surname Searching & Ms and Digital collections at ...Else Churchill
PDF of slides of a talk given by Else Churchill at the Lost Cousins Genealogy in the Sun event in Portugal 2015.
This talks looked at useful ways to find and share family trees online and showed how to access the printed, manuscript and digital pedigrees and genealogy collections held in the Library of the Society of Genealogists
The document summarizes key details about several bog mummies that have been discovered in Northern Europe, including their locations, dates, causes of death, and state of preservation. Many bog mummies showed signs of violent deaths like strangulation, blunt force trauma, or stab wounds. They date from as early as 10,000 BCE to as late as the 20th century, with the majority from 1000 BCE to 250 CE. The bog environment naturally mummified the bodies through anaerobic and tannic acid conditions.
Between 1450-1650, the Spanish and Portuguese explored and colonized much of the world. The Spanish explored westward while the Portuguese explored eastward. Their main motivations were to find safer trade routes for spices from Asia, gain new lands and resources for their kingdoms, convert native peoples to Christianity, and pursue wealth and fame. New ship technologies like the caravel and navigation tools like the compass enabled these voyages. Notable figures included Columbus, who sailed west to reach Asia but landed in the Americas, and Portuguese explorers like Da Gama and Diaz who reached Asia by sailing around Africa. The conquests had massive consequences, including the destruction of native American civilizations, European colonization of the Americas
A Celebration Of Botanical Art Throughout History – In Pictures
“A new book Plant: Exploring The Botanical World celebrates the beauty and diversity of plants from around the world across all media - from murals in ancient Greece to a Napoleonic-era rose print and cutting-edge scans
Science as Art: Free Access to Natural History Books and Art in the Biodivers...costantinog
A presentation given at the Smithsonian Associates event entitled: "Science as Art: The Beauty of Botanical Illustration." This presentation was a joint event with Alice Tangerini on 12 February, 2017.
The foundation of this paper is a journal, started by Captain William Penny and mostly maintained by Margaret Penny, during their over-wintering at Baffin Island, Nunavut in 1857-1858, as published in W. Gillies Ross’s book This Distant and Unsurveyed Country (1997).
Can the journal maintained by Margaret Penny be considered the beginnings of an ethnographic study of the Inuit, within the possible understanding of the term in 1857-1858? References include Inuit oral traditions, accounts by sailing/whaling wives of the times, and the first ethnographic text by Harriet Martineau.
Women's writings have historically been dismissed. I believe the only reason this journal survived is because Captain Penny started it. However, as can be seen each "group" of women support and reinforce each other.
Charles Darwin was born in 1809 in England to a wealthy family. He studied medicine but found he preferred natural history. In 1831, he joined the HMS Beagle expedition as a self-funded naturalist to explore South America over 5 years. During the voyage, Darwin made many discoveries that challenged existing theories, such as finding fossils of extinct giant mammals in Patagonia and observing marine invertebrates and finches that varied between islands. These observations formed the foundation of his later theory of evolution by natural selection.
Lucy Smith "Joseph Hooker and his Artist Walter Hood Fitch: the continuing tr...Virginia Mills
Presentation prepared and delivered by Lucy Smith, freelance botanical artist at 'The Making of Modern Botany' Conference at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 30 June 2017. ABSTRACT:
For over forty years, botanical artist Walter Hood Fitch worked for both William and Joseph Hooker as chief illustrator for Kew publications. His collaboration with Joseph Hooker began before Joseph Hooker even worked at Kew – illustrating his journals and publications while he travelled - and continued under Joseph Hooker’s editorship of Curtis’s Botanical Magazine and Icones Plantarum. The legacy of Fitch’s close collaboration with the Hookers is an outstanding contribution to botanical art. Today, botanical artists continue to produce illustrations for Kew’s publications, all of which are added to a vast archive of artworks that stretches back to Fitch’s contributions and beyond. In this talk I will show how botanical artists continue to work with Kew’s botanists for science and horticulture, and how Fitch’s work still inspires us.
This document provides a detailed history of entomology from prehistoric times through the 18th century. Some key points include:
- The earliest evidence of interest in insects dates back to 13,000 BC in rock paintings depicting bees.
- Ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, and Rome depicted insects in art and literature, and studied beekeeping.
- Starting in the 16th-17th centuries, more scientific study of insects began, including detailed illustrations and early classifications by scientists like Aldrovandi, Gesner, and Malpighi.
- The 17th-18th centuries saw major advances in the use of microscopy to study insect anatomy and life cycles by scientists such as Swammerdam and Ré
This document provides information about bog mummies that have been discovered across Northern Europe. It summarizes that thousands of bog mummies have been found dating from 1000 BC to 250 AD, with many showing signs of violent deaths. The document describes the process of natural mummification in bogs and some of the most famous bog mummies that have been discovered, such as Tollund Man and Lindow Man. It also discusses what is known about the people who lived in this region during the time based on archaeological evidence and historical accounts.
A.H. Dinawari in the 9th century wrote one of the earliest and most comprehensive works on Arab agriculture and ethnobotany called "Kitab al Nabat". Over subsequent centuries, several Muslim travelers and collectors studied and wrote about Arabian plants, including Istakhri and Idrisi in the 10th-12th centuries. The first serious modern study was by Peter Forsskal in the 18th century who collected plants in Yemen and the Jizan region. Major collections and descriptions were subsequently made by others visiting Arabia through the 19th century. In the early 20th century, E. Blatter compiled these works into the first detailed checklist of Arabian flora. Beginning in the
Archive Trainees Group Meeting 03/02/11: Sarah Cox's presentationArchive TraineesGroup
The RBGK Archives contains papers relating to the history of Kew Gardens and botany, including correspondence from Charles Darwin and notebooks from Victorian plant hunters. It is one of the most important botanical reference sources in the world. The collections are open to the public and include official Kew records as well as private papers. As a graduate trainee, responsibilities include assisting with archives enquiries and retrievals, cataloguing, outreach, and records management tasks like creating files and projects. The role offers a combination of archives and records work with a variety of duties and opportunities to meet people.
Father Junipero Serra came to California in 1769 with the Franciscans to convert Native Californians to Catholicism. The Franciscans brought many supplies like religious items, farming tools, food and materials to establish missions. However, the Native Californians had their own way of life as hunter-gatherers who moved locations seasonally. Over time, the two groups impacted each other as the Native Californians adopted aspects of Franciscan life like permanent settlements and agriculture while the Franciscans incorporated some Native traditions.
The Golden Grove Plantation dates from the 17th Century with links to the famous slave rebellion in 1816
The coral rock of the Golden Grove Terrace has been dated to c. 220,000 years ago and evidence of Amerindian settlement has been found by Three Houses stream, which borders Golden Grove.
The great house is thought to have been largely rebuilt after the hurricane of 1831 and exhibits the Georgian style feature staircase, original pine flooring and hurricane shuttered sash windows of the period. Below are photos of the interior of the property.
Scythia: The Amazing Origins of Ancient IrelandHervé Cariou
(extract) "In 1314, the Battle of Bannockburn led to Scotland’s independence. On 6 April 1320, the Scottish sovereign, Robert Bruce, and fifty signatories sent a declaration of independence to Pope John XXII. This is the Declaration of Arbroath, written in Latin. And it contains a surprising passage:"
Three surviving vihuelas have been discovered. The first, found in Paris, is unusually large and was possibly a masterpiece. It has an inscription indicating it was made in 1525 in Toledo. A second instrument found in Quito, Ecuador in 1976 may also be a vihuela, though some debate its authenticity. A third, the "Chambure vihuela" rediscovered in Paris in 1996, has a distinctive ribbed back construction similar to another potential vihuela in London dated to 1581 by its label, though experts disagree on whether this is actually a vihuela or early guitar.
Botany Under the Midnight Sun: Floristic Discoveries on Victoria Island, Nuna...Jeff Saarela
The document summarizes the findings of a botanical expedition to Victoria Island in Nunavut, Canada. The team collected over 1100 plant specimens, discovering 1 species new to Canada, 4 taxa new to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and several first records for Victoria Island and southwest Victoria Island. Significant new information was gained about the Arctic flora, including range extensions and new localities of rare species.
Genealogy in the Sun 2015 Surname Searching & Ms and Digital collections at ...Else Churchill
PDF of slides of a talk given by Else Churchill at the Lost Cousins Genealogy in the Sun event in Portugal 2015.
This talks looked at useful ways to find and share family trees online and showed how to access the printed, manuscript and digital pedigrees and genealogy collections held in the Library of the Society of Genealogists
The document summarizes key details about several bog mummies that have been discovered in Northern Europe, including their locations, dates, causes of death, and state of preservation. Many bog mummies showed signs of violent deaths like strangulation, blunt force trauma, or stab wounds. They date from as early as 10,000 BCE to as late as the 20th century, with the majority from 1000 BCE to 250 CE. The bog environment naturally mummified the bodies through anaerobic and tannic acid conditions.
Between 1450-1650, the Spanish and Portuguese explored and colonized much of the world. The Spanish explored westward while the Portuguese explored eastward. Their main motivations were to find safer trade routes for spices from Asia, gain new lands and resources for their kingdoms, convert native peoples to Christianity, and pursue wealth and fame. New ship technologies like the caravel and navigation tools like the compass enabled these voyages. Notable figures included Columbus, who sailed west to reach Asia but landed in the Americas, and Portuguese explorers like Da Gama and Diaz who reached Asia by sailing around Africa. The conquests had massive consequences, including the destruction of native American civilizations, European colonization of the Americas
A Celebration Of Botanical Art Throughout History – In Pictures
“A new book Plant: Exploring The Botanical World celebrates the beauty and diversity of plants from around the world across all media - from murals in ancient Greece to a Napoleonic-era rose print and cutting-edge scans
Science as Art: Free Access to Natural History Books and Art in the Biodivers...costantinog
A presentation given at the Smithsonian Associates event entitled: "Science as Art: The Beauty of Botanical Illustration." This presentation was a joint event with Alice Tangerini on 12 February, 2017.
The foundation of this paper is a journal, started by Captain William Penny and mostly maintained by Margaret Penny, during their over-wintering at Baffin Island, Nunavut in 1857-1858, as published in W. Gillies Ross’s book This Distant and Unsurveyed Country (1997).
Can the journal maintained by Margaret Penny be considered the beginnings of an ethnographic study of the Inuit, within the possible understanding of the term in 1857-1858? References include Inuit oral traditions, accounts by sailing/whaling wives of the times, and the first ethnographic text by Harriet Martineau.
Women's writings have historically been dismissed. I believe the only reason this journal survived is because Captain Penny started it. However, as can be seen each "group" of women support and reinforce each other.
Charles Darwin was born in 1809 in England to a wealthy family. He studied medicine but found he preferred natural history. In 1831, he joined the HMS Beagle expedition as a self-funded naturalist to explore South America over 5 years. During the voyage, Darwin made many discoveries that challenged existing theories, such as finding fossils of extinct giant mammals in Patagonia and observing marine invertebrates and finches that varied between islands. These observations formed the foundation of his later theory of evolution by natural selection.
Lucy Smith "Joseph Hooker and his Artist Walter Hood Fitch: the continuing tr...Virginia Mills
Presentation prepared and delivered by Lucy Smith, freelance botanical artist at 'The Making of Modern Botany' Conference at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 30 June 2017. ABSTRACT:
For over forty years, botanical artist Walter Hood Fitch worked for both William and Joseph Hooker as chief illustrator for Kew publications. His collaboration with Joseph Hooker began before Joseph Hooker even worked at Kew – illustrating his journals and publications while he travelled - and continued under Joseph Hooker’s editorship of Curtis’s Botanical Magazine and Icones Plantarum. The legacy of Fitch’s close collaboration with the Hookers is an outstanding contribution to botanical art. Today, botanical artists continue to produce illustrations for Kew’s publications, all of which are added to a vast archive of artworks that stretches back to Fitch’s contributions and beyond. In this talk I will show how botanical artists continue to work with Kew’s botanists for science and horticulture, and how Fitch’s work still inspires us.
This document provides a detailed history of entomology from prehistoric times through the 18th century. Some key points include:
- The earliest evidence of interest in insects dates back to 13,000 BC in rock paintings depicting bees.
- Ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, and Rome depicted insects in art and literature, and studied beekeeping.
- Starting in the 16th-17th centuries, more scientific study of insects began, including detailed illustrations and early classifications by scientists like Aldrovandi, Gesner, and Malpighi.
- The 17th-18th centuries saw major advances in the use of microscopy to study insect anatomy and life cycles by scientists such as Swammerdam and Ré
This document provides information about bog mummies that have been discovered across Northern Europe. It summarizes that thousands of bog mummies have been found dating from 1000 BC to 250 AD, with many showing signs of violent deaths. The document describes the process of natural mummification in bogs and some of the most famous bog mummies that have been discovered, such as Tollund Man and Lindow Man. It also discusses what is known about the people who lived in this region during the time based on archaeological evidence and historical accounts.
A.H. Dinawari in the 9th century wrote one of the earliest and most comprehensive works on Arab agriculture and ethnobotany called "Kitab al Nabat". Over subsequent centuries, several Muslim travelers and collectors studied and wrote about Arabian plants, including Istakhri and Idrisi in the 10th-12th centuries. The first serious modern study was by Peter Forsskal in the 18th century who collected plants in Yemen and the Jizan region. Major collections and descriptions were subsequently made by others visiting Arabia through the 19th century. In the early 20th century, E. Blatter compiled these works into the first detailed checklist of Arabian flora. Beginning in the
Archive Trainees Group Meeting 03/02/11: Sarah Cox's presentationArchive TraineesGroup
The RBGK Archives contains papers relating to the history of Kew Gardens and botany, including correspondence from Charles Darwin and notebooks from Victorian plant hunters. It is one of the most important botanical reference sources in the world. The collections are open to the public and include official Kew records as well as private papers. As a graduate trainee, responsibilities include assisting with archives enquiries and retrievals, cataloguing, outreach, and records management tasks like creating files and projects. The role offers a combination of archives and records work with a variety of duties and opportunities to meet people.
Father Junipero Serra came to California in 1769 with the Franciscans to convert Native Californians to Catholicism. The Franciscans brought many supplies like religious items, farming tools, food and materials to establish missions. However, the Native Californians had their own way of life as hunter-gatherers who moved locations seasonally. Over time, the two groups impacted each other as the Native Californians adopted aspects of Franciscan life like permanent settlements and agriculture while the Franciscans incorporated some Native traditions.
Similar to Lourdes Rico 'Joseph D. Hooker's collections made in the Cape Verde Islands'. Joseph Hooker bicentenary conference, RBG Kew. (20)
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Lourdes Rico 'Joseph D. Hooker's collections made in the Cape Verde Islands'. Joseph Hooker bicentenary conference, RBG Kew.
1. Joseph D. Hooker’s collections
made in the Cape Verde Islands
(1839)
Maria de Lourdes Rico Arce (UK), Javier Francisco-Ortega (USA), Arnoldo
Santos (Spain), Maria Cristina Duarte, Maria Romeiras (Portugal) and Chiara
Nepi (Italy)
2. Our Vision: Making data available for Kew’s digital content, and an academic paper to
be published.
Why the Cape Verde Island Collections? The sparse information on Hooker’s
specimens, species conservation, historical collections, data repatriation and digital
content.
What was our aim in the Kew Herbarium, Library and Archives? To find and study the
unique collections of this part of Hooker’s Antarctic expedition.
What and where we searched and studied: herbarium specimens, archives,
illustrations, Economic Botany artefacts.
Summary of what’s available
Future work ...
Joseph D. Hooker’s collections made in the Cape
Verde Islands (1839)
4. • Antarctic voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and H.M.S. Terror
(1839-1843)
• Under the command of Captain James Clark Ross
• J.D. Hooker: Surgeon and the youngest crew member
(22 years old)
thedipcircle.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/hms-erebus-and-terror-in-the-antarctic1.jpg
HMS Erebus and
HMS Terror in the
Antarctic
5. The Macaronesian
Islands
• Four Atlantic Archipelagos
• Only one of them is in the
tropics: Cape Verde Islands
• Unique flora that some authors
consider to be a distinct
phytogeographical region
CourtesyofOonaRäisänen
Tropic of Cancer
6. The nine pre-19th century botanical expeditions to the Cape Verde
Islands (1683–1792)
Seven British expeditions:
• Dampier (four visits)
• Robertson
• Forster & Forster
• Staunton
One Dutch expedition:
• Van der Stel
One Portuguese expedition:
• Feijó
None of these expeditions,
except Feijó’s, directly
targeted the Cape Verde
Islands
7. Botanist Nationality Country that
organized the
expedition
Expedition aim Month and
year in Cape
Verde Islands
Notes: Organizer /Visited
islands
1. Christen
Smith (1785-
1816)
Norway Britain Congo River
geography
April 1816 Lords Commissioners of
Admiralty / Santiago
2. John Forbes
(c. 1789-1823)
Britain Britain Eastern Africa and
Arabia flora
March-April
1822
Royal Horticultural Society
of London / Sal, Santo
Antão , São Nicolau, São
Vicente, and Santiago
3. Thomas
Bowdich (1791-
1824)
Britain NA Gambia River October? –
November?
1823
Thomas Bowdich /
Boavista, Santiago
4. Charles
Darwin (1809-
1882)
Britain Britain Global
Circumnavigation
January 1832 Lords Commissioners of
Admiralty / Santiago
5. Samuel
Brunner (1790-
1844)
Switzerland NA West Africa flora June 1838 Samuel Brunner / Brava,
Boavista, Sal, Santiago
6. Joseph
Dalton Hooker
(1817-1911)
Britain Britain Antarctic (South
Magnetic Pole)
13-20
November
1839
Lords Commissioners of
Admiralty / Santiago
7. Theodore
Vogel (1812 –
1841)
Germany Britain Campaign against
slavery
June 1841 Society the Civilization of
Africa / São Vicente, Santo
Antão
Plant exploration in the Cape Verde Islands in the first half of 19th century
8. Joseph D. Hooker in the
Macaronesian Islands - 1839
Volcán El Teide, Tenerife
media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/02/26/dc/ef/au-pied-du-teide.jpg
www.madeira-live.com/images/stories/headers/ponta_s_lourenco/ponta_s_lourenco_01.jpg
Ponta de São Lourenço, Madeira
11. • British Botanist
• One of the most important
authorities on Macaronesian
plants during the 19th Century
• Plant exploration in Madeira
and Porto Santo (1828)
• Plant exploration expedition in
the Canaries (1828–1830)
• Never visited the Azores or The
Cape Verde archipelagos
Philip Barker Webb
FRS (1793–1854)
Photocredit:HerbariumWebbianum
12. • Co-author with S. Berthelot (1794–
1880) of first comprehensive Flora of
the Canary Islands:
• Part of a nine volume work on
Natural History of the Canary
Islands (1835–1850)
• Wrote first comprehensive Flora for
Cape Verde Islands - Spicilegia
Gorgonea (1849) - but he never visited
the islands
• Webb’s herbarium (300,000
specimens), and most of his
correspondence, housed at Museo di
Storia Naturale Università di Firenze
13. • Hooker’s Antarctic Journal as it was:
• 46 pages devoted to the Cape Verde Islands that include
only two ink sketches of stunted trees
14. Correspondence between Webb and
Hooker
Twenty five letters (1845–1847);
which include some details on the Cape
Verde flora and the progress of Spicilegia
Gorgonea
Your most acceptable present from the Cape
Verde plants have at last arrived. I have
imagine that Mr. Haward was a better man
of business than to have sent this box
without stating in his letter to Mr. Franch […]
I was delighted to see many old friends some
with new faces. The Campylanthus for
example does not entirely corresponds with
its Canarian brother tho’ [though] the first
aspect is identic but perceive a decided
difference in the calyx. I have not however
had time to go deeper and analysed it. Both
yourself and Mr. Vogel must have visited the
islands in a very unfavourable season or are
the plants always so dried up there?
Paris, May 28th 1845
15. Fragment of a letter written by Webb to Hooker
I addressed you, my dear Sir, a few lines
by Mr Claude Gay with a packet
containing the Gorgonean plants to be
figured up to No 10. […]
I will now send you all the plants as far
as my M.S. goes and this will be
advantageous in two ways, first to
compare them to those of Xtian
[Christen] Smith and secondly with
yours of continental Africa with which
some few may be identic. […]
For myself I shall retain only the
collection you were so good as to send
me and if I ever add a loan to it, it will
be only be in case where the larceny
will be quite pardonable in order to
complete a species.
Unknown date
16. Kleinia neriifolia Haw. (Compositae). Canary
Island endemic
• J.D. Hooker collected in Madeira, the Canaries, and the Cape Verde Islands
• The ‘first set’ is assumed to be in the Herbarium at Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew – some easy, others difficult, to locate or not yet found.
17. Hooker’s collection
number written by him.
“in litt.” = “in litteris” or in correspondence/letter;
refers to information that Hooker obtained from other
collectors’ specimens, mostly at BM Herbarium.
Spicilegia Gorgonea text body
18. Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch (Brassicaceae).
Introduced, Black Mustard
s3.amazonaws.com/flora_photos/pictures/31944/ampliada.jpg?1291354278
19. Sheet with three different
collections
1: Vogel, 31 and 34 (year 1841)
2: J.D. Hooker 159 (year 1839)
Tribulus cistoides L. (Zygophyllaceae). Introduced,
Puncture Vine
calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/0000_0000/0113/2702.jpg
20. Lectotype of Campanula jacobaea Webb
in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 8: 762
(Campanulaceae). Hooker 125. Cape Verde
endemic.
Photocredit:MariaRomeiras
Label given
by P.B.
Webb
21. Summary of what’s available:
• 450 records added to the Herbarium Catalogue in Kew. These are all
Cape Verde Island collections including material collected by Vogel,
Brunner, Forbes, Lowe, etc. and complement, to a large extent,
Spicilegia Gorgonea. All available on the Internet
• 25 letters from Webb addressed to J.D. Hooker’s deciphered and
transcribed into electronic files to be given to the Kew Archives
• pages 1-115 of the J.D. Hooker’s Antarctic Journal transcribed into
an electronic file to be given to the Kew Archives; N.B. these include
beginning of the Journal to St. Helena
• two papers to be published
Joseph D. Hooker’s collections made in the Cape Verde
Islands (1839)
22. Summary of the J.D. Hooker’s herbarium specimens
expected to be in Kew
Specimens
recorded in
Spicilegia
Gorgonea
Specimens
recorded in
Spicilegia
Gorgonea
and found
in Kew
Herb.
Specimens
recorded in
Spicilegia
Gorgonea
not found
in Kew
Herb.1
Number of
specimens
not
recorded in
Spicilegia
Gorgonea
and found
in Kew
Total
number of
specimens
found in
Kew
Total number
of species
with
Hooker’s
specimens
recorded in
Spicilegia
Gorgonea2
125 63 58 16 79 118
1Twelve of these specimens are of species that are reported in Spicilegia Gorgonea as collected
by Hooker but without a collection number, or with a different collection number. However, we
found Hooker specimens for these 12 species in Kew under different collection numbers.
2Nine of these species were described as new by Webb or colleagues in Spicilegia Gorgonea and
are Hooker’s collections (most are syntypes).
NB. The Natural History Museum Herbarium (BM) is the repository of two Algae specimens
reported in Spicilegia Gorgonea.
23. New species described in Spicilegia Gorgonea (1849)
Species Family Herbarium Type
1. Dolichos daltonii Webb Leguminosae K
2. Euphorbia tuckeyana
Steud. ex Webb
Euphorbiaceae FI, K Hooker 115 (FI), Lectotype
(Molero et al., in preparation)
3. Forsskaolea procridifolia
Webb
Urticaceae K
4. Forsskaolea viridis
Ehrenberg ex Webb
Urticaceae K
5. Melhania leprieurii Webb Malvaceae K
6. Monachyron villosum
Parl. in Webb
Poaceae FI Hooker s.n. (B), Holotype
(Polecot, 1999)
7. Odontospermum daltonii
Webb
Compositae FI Hooker 204 (FI), Lectotype
(Halvorsen & Borgen, 1986)
8. Phyllanthus scabrellus
Webb
Euphorbiaceae Not yet found
9. Sapota marginata
Decne. ex Webb*
Sapotaceae K Hooker 114 (K), Holotype
(Lobin et al., 2005)
* Included in Spicilegia Gorgonea, however, described as new in
Niger Fl. 169 (1849)
24. Euphorbia tuckeyana
Steud. ex Webb,
Spicilegia Gorgonea: 177
(1849). Kew specimen.
Photocredit:MariaRomeirasPhotocredit:MariaRomeiras
http://www.wnsstamps.post/stamps/2002/CV/CV001.02.jpg
25. Type of Odontospermum daltonii
Webb [currently accepted name
Nauplius daltonii (Webb) Wiklund].
Housed at Herbarium Universitatis
Florentinae, Herbarium
Webbianum
Photocredit:MariaRomeiras
26. Joseph D. Hooker’s collections made in The
Cape Verde Islands (1839)
Future work:
• Determine if specimens not located/found in the herbarium in Kew are housed at the Herbarium Webbianum
- Herbarium Universitatis Florentinae, Botanical Section, Natural History Museum of Florence University
• Study the correspondence between Hooker and Webb ( for which we now know there are 32 letters (1843–
1847 ) at Library of Sciences, Botany section of Florence University
• A paper to be published and explore the possibility of the complementary materials to be put up on line
Photo credit: Herbarium Webbianum
27. Chiara Nepi
Arnoldo Santos
Instituto Canario Investigaciones
Agarias, retired Professor Javier Francisco-Ortega
Maria Cristina Duarte
Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e
Alterações Ambientais,
Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa
Maria Romeiras
Instituto Superior de
Agronomia & Centro
de Ecologia, Evolução e
Alterações Ambientais,
Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa