The document outlines the history and development of Oracle database from its beginnings in 1977 to the present day. It describes early versions that introduced SQL and client/server architecture. It notes key innovations over time like transactions, portability, and new architectures. It discusses how Oracle database has enabled private database clouds and consolidation. It focuses on areas like cloud computing, engineered systems, and big data.

1. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.1
The Long and Winding Road
Thomas Kyte
http://asktom.oracle.com/

2. The following is intended to outline our general product
direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality,
and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decisions. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
2

3. The Beginning...
• Data Model with Structure
• Data Independent of Code
• Set-oriented
• 1977 the work begins

4. GPS
1978

5. GPS
1978

6. First RDBMS: Version 2
June 1979
• FIRST Commercial SQL RDBMS
• Impressive First SQL
• Joins, Subqueries
• Outer Joins, Connect By
• A Simple Server
• No transactions, ‘Limited’ Reliability
• Portability from the Start
• Written in Fortran
• But multi-platform – PDP11, Dec VAX

7. IBM PC – 1981
IBM model
number
5150,
introduced
on August
12, 1981.

8. Internet (as we know it) –
1983
The first TCP/IP-based
wide-area network was
operational by January
1, 1983 when all hosts
on the ARPANET were
switched over from the
older NCP protocols.

9. Portability: Version 3
March 1983
• New Implementation Designed for Portability
• Written in ‘C’
• Single Source
• Architectural Changes
• Transactions, multi-versioning, no read consistency
• AI/BI files
• Oracle Corporation – name established

11. Reliability: Version 4
October 1984
• Larger Installed Base (well, it had one)
• Architectural Improvements
• Read Consistency

12. Reliability: Version 4
October 1984
• Larger Installed Base (well, it had one)
• Architectural Improvements
• Read Consistency

14. Cooperative Server: Version 5
April 1985
• My First Oracle Experience
• 1st Client/Server
• Cooperative Server
• Distributed Processing
• Parallel Server
• Portability
• V5 was first to go beyond 640K memory on PCs
• Single-user for Macintosh o/s
• SQL_TRACE
• select trace('sql',1),1 from dual;

15. Transaction Processing: Version 6
July 1988
• New Architecture
• Performance (first SMP)
• Availability
• TPO
• PL/SQL
• V6 Lays Architectural Groundwork for the Future
• This was a rewrite of the entire database fundamentally

16. World Wide Web – 1990’ish
The World Wide Web was
created in 1989 by British
scientist Tim Berners-Lee,
working at the European
Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN) in
Geneva, Switzerland, and
released in 1992.

17. Oracle7.3
February 1996
• Partitioned Views
• Bitmapped Indexes
• Asynchronous read ahead for table
scans
• Standby Database
• Deferred transaction recovery on
instance startup
• Updatable Join View
• SQLDBA no longer shipped.
• Index rebuilds
• DBV introduced
• Context Option
• PL/SQL - UTL_FILE
 Spatial Data Option
 Tablespaces changes - Coalesce,
Temporary Permanent,
 Trigger compilation, debug
 Unlimited extents on STORAGE clause.
 Some init.ora parameters modifiable -
TIMED_STATISTICS
 HASH Joins, Antijoins
 Histograms
 Oracle Trace
 Advanced Replication Object Groups

21. Data Warehouses Growing Rapidly
Tripling In Size Every Two Years
Source: Winter TopTen Survey, Winter Corporation, Waltham MA, 2008.
200
400
600
800
1000
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 …
TerabytesofData
Size of the Largest Data Warehouses

22. Enabling the Private Database Cloud
Years of continuous Oracle innovation
Oracle Database 10g
Oracle Database 11g
Oracle Exadata
Oracle9i Database
Real Application Clusters
Database Services
CPU Resource Management
Automatic Storage Management
Dynamic Database Services
Instance caging
I/O resource management
Server Pools
Quality of Service Management
InfiniBand support
Smart Scans
Smart Flash Cache
Hybrid Columnar Compression
© 2011 Oracle Corporation

23. Three Major Database Focus Areas
Engineered for Innovation
CLOUD COMPUTING
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS BIG DATA
SOCIAL
BLOG
SMART
METER
101100101001
001001101010
101011100101
010100100101

24. Three Major Database Focus Areas
Engineered for Innovation
CLOUD COMPUTING
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS BIG DATA
SOCIAL
BLOG
SMART
METER
101100101001
001001101010
101011100101
010100100101

25. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.25
Private Database Cloud Architectures
Using Oracle Database 11g
Dedicated Databases
share servers and OS
Virtual Machines
share servers
Schema Consolidation
share servers, OS and database
Increasing Consolidation

26. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.26
Private Database Cloud Architectures
Using Oracle Database 12c
Dedicated Databases
share servers and OS
Virtual Machines
share servers
Pluggable Databases
share servers, OS and database
Increasing Consolidation

27. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.27
Isolation and multitenancy
Fast provisioning and cloning
Secure and highly available
No application changes
Manage many as one
Greater resource utilization
Performant and scalable
Lower IT costs
Consolidating Databases on Clouds
Key requirements…

28. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.28
Three Major Database Focus Areas
Engineered for Innovation
CLOUD COMPUTING
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS BIG DATA
SOCIAL
BLOG
SMART
METER
101100101001
001001101010
101011100101
010100100101

29. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.29

30. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.30
In a Warehouse
environment – how many
DBA’s can tell you how
many GB’s/sec they can
transfer from disk to
server?

31. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.31
In an OLTP environment,
what would happen if log
writes on a busy system
went from an average of 3-
5ms to 7-10ms (or longer)?

32. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.32
Getting cross domain expertise to work together…

33. Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.33
Three Major Database Focus Areas
Engineered for Innovation
CLOUD COMPUTING
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS BIG DATA
SOCIAL
BLOG
SMART
METER
101100101001
001001101010
101011100101
010100100101

34. 34 Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle InternalCopyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Until Now You Choose One Format and Suffer Tradeoffs
Optimizing Transaction and Query Performance
Row Format Databases versus Column Format Databases
Row
 Transactions run faster on row format
– Fast for processing few rows, many columns
– Example: Insert or query a sales order
Column
 Analytics run faster on column format
– Fast for processing few columns, many rows
– Example: Report on sales totals by state
ORDER
SALES
SALES
S
T
A
T
E
34

35. 35 Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle InternalCopyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
The Long and Winding Road
Thomas Kyte
http://asktom.oracle.com