Log management and effective log data collection are critical for PCI compliance. Logs are needed to prove that required security processes and policies are implemented and monitored. Without logs, companies cannot validate controls, policies, or required monitoring. An effective log management solution should collect all log data, enable alerting and reporting, and allow secure storage and retrieval of log data to meet PCI requirements around auditing, monitoring, and controls.
Patents are a good information resource for obtaining the state of the art of deep learning for cybersecurity technology innovation insights.
I. Deep Learning for Cybersecurity Technology Innovation Status
Patents that specifically describe the major deep learning applications in cybersecurity are a good indicator of the deep learning for cybersecurity innovations in a specific innovation entity. To find the deep learning for cybersecurity technology innovation status, patent applications in the USPTO as of May 31, 2020 that specifically describe the major deep learning applications in cybersecurity are searched and reviewed. 31 published patent applications that are related to the key deep learning for cybersecurity technology innovation are selected for detail analysis.
II. Deep Learning for Cybersecurity Technology Innovation Details
Patent information can provide many valuable insights that can be exploited for developing and implementing new technologies. Patents can also be exploited to identify new product/service development opportunities.
Industrial IoT Cyber-Attack Detection/General Electric
Malicious Code Detection/Royal Bank of Canada
What is cyber law?
What is cyber crime?
Cybercrimes areas
what law relating to
Data protection and privacy
Software Licensing Issues
IT acts
Policy Versus Law
Codes of Ethics and Professional Organizations
Patents are a good information resource for obtaining the state of the art of deep learning for cybersecurity technology innovation insights.
I. Deep Learning for Cybersecurity Technology Innovation Status
Patents that specifically describe the major deep learning applications in cybersecurity are a good indicator of the deep learning for cybersecurity innovations in a specific innovation entity. To find the deep learning for cybersecurity technology innovation status, patent applications in the USPTO as of May 31, 2020 that specifically describe the major deep learning applications in cybersecurity are searched and reviewed. 31 published patent applications that are related to the key deep learning for cybersecurity technology innovation are selected for detail analysis.
II. Deep Learning for Cybersecurity Technology Innovation Details
Patent information can provide many valuable insights that can be exploited for developing and implementing new technologies. Patents can also be exploited to identify new product/service development opportunities.
Industrial IoT Cyber-Attack Detection/General Electric
Malicious Code Detection/Royal Bank of Canada
What is cyber law?
What is cyber crime?
Cybercrimes areas
what law relating to
Data protection and privacy
Software Licensing Issues
IT acts
Policy Versus Law
Codes of Ethics and Professional Organizations
The project title for this task force is “Cyber Security Maturity Model for Organizations”. Some of the
key things that you are going to learn from this presentation is:
The user organizations will learn, how to easily adapt a cyber security maturity assessmentmodel based on the widely accepted frameworks such as NIST CSF and ISO27001:2013
The readers will learn about the core information security domains and how to plan forsecurity activities around those core domains
The readers will learn how to prioritize the security budget and draw out the securitycontrol implementation roadmap for their organization
The readers will learn to apply a risk informed approach to information security for theirorganizations which can be used to educate about and sell security to their CEO’s and board members.
Emerging application and data protection for multi cloudUlf Mattsson
Emerging Application and Data Protection for Multi-Cloud
Personal data privacy will be the most prominent issue affecting how businesses gather, store, process, and disclose data in public cloud. Businesses have been inundated with information on what recent privacy laws like GDPR and CCPA require, but many are still trying to figure out how to comply with them on a practical level. Many companies are focusing on data privacy from the legal and security side, which are foundational, but are missing the focus on data. The good news is that these data privacy regulations compel businesses to get a handle on personal data - how they get it, where they get it from, which systems process it, where it goes internally and externally, etc. In other words, the new norms of data privacy require proactive data management, which enables organizations to extract real business value from their data, improve the customer experience, streamline internal processes, and better understand their customers. The new Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR) provides perspectives on how Criminals simply shift their focus and adapt their tactics to locate and steal the data they find to be of most value. This session will discuss Emerging Application and Data Protection for Multi-cloud and review Differential privacy, Tokenization, Homomorphic encryption, and Privacy-preserving computation.
Practical risk management for the multi cloudUlf Mattsson
This session will take a practical approach to IT risk management and discuss multi cloud, Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR) and how Enterprises are losing ground in the fight against persistent cyber-attacks. We simply cannot catch the bad guys until it is too late. This picture is not improving. Verizon reports concluded that less than 14% of breaches are detected by internal monitoring tools.
We will review the JP Morgan Chase data breach were hackers were in the bank’s network for months undetected. Network configuration errors are inevitable, even at the largest banks as Capital One that recently had a data breach where a hacker gained access to 100 million credit card applications and accounts.
Viewers will also learn about:
- Macro trends in Cloud security and Micro trends in Cloud security
- Risks from Quantum Computing and when we should move to alternate forms of encryption
- Review “Kill Chains” from Lockhead Martin in relation to APT and DDoS Attacks
- Risk Management methods from ISACA and other organizations
Speaker: Ulf Mattsson, Head of Innovation, TokenEx
The body of technologies, processes and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs and data from attack, damage, or unauthorized access is referred to as cyber security. It is also known as information technology security. The practice is used by individuals and enterprises to protect against unauthorized access to data centers and other computerized systems.
Comparative Study on Intrusion Detection Systems for Smartphonesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cyber Risk Quantification for Employees | Safe SecurityRahul Tyagi
Humans
the weakest link in cybersecurity
“Amateurs hack systems, professionals hack people.”
Companies are built by the people it hires, yet, if you
ask the Chief Information Security Officer about their
weakest link, more often than not, they will say that it’s
the very same people that make the company.
Furthermore, according to a report by CybSafe’s
analysis of data from the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), human error was the cause of
approximately 90% of data breaches in 2019!
How to quantify human risk in your organization visit : https://www.safe.security/safe/people/
A security awareness presentation created for an audience of senior officials from MTNL (India's foremost telecom PSU). The presentation covers fundamentals of Information Security, it's evolution, present day risks from the IT and Telecom infrastructure perspective.
“AI techniques in cyber-security applications”. Flammini lnu susec19Francesco Flammini
▪ “AI techniques in cyber-security applications”. Invited speech at “Sunetdagarna våren 2019” (conference of the association of Swedish universities), April 1-4 2019, Växjö, Sweden.
An Assessment of Intrusion Detection System IDS and Data Set Overview A Compr...ijtsrd
Millions of people worldwide have Internet access today. Intrusion detection technology is a modern wave of information technology monitoring devices to deter malicious activities. Malware development malicious software is a vital problem when it comes to designing intrusion detection systems IDS . The key challenge is to recognize unknown and hidden malware, because malware writers use various evasion techniques to mask information to avoid IDS detection. Malicious attacks have become more sophisticated and Furthermore, threats to security have increased, including a zero day attack on internet users. Through the use of IT in our daily lives, computer security has become critical. Cyber threats are becoming more complex and pose growing challenges when it comes to successful intrusion detection. Failure to prevent invading information, such as data privacy, integrity and availability can undermine the credibility of security services. Specific intrusion detection approaches were proposed in the literature to combat computer security threats. This paper consists of a literature survey of the IDS that uses program algorithms to use specific data collection and forensic techniques in real time. Data mining techniques for cyber research are introduced in support of intrusion detection. Mohammed I. Alghamdi "An Assessment of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Data-Set Overview: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Works" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35730.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/35730/an-assessment-of-intrusion-detection-system-ids-and-dataset-overview-a-comprehensive-review-of-recent-works/mohammed-i-alghamdi
Emerging Trends in Information Security and Privacylgcdcpas
Malware infiltrations, spear phishing, data breaches these are scary words with even scarier implications. These threats are hitting the interconnected technology world fast and hard and can no longer be ignored.
Are you doing everything you can to avoid having your data compromised and becoming the next security breach horror story?
To help you answer that question, join the security experts at LGC+D for the Emerging Trends in Information Privacy and Security seminar on Wednesday, August 6th. They will be joined by a dream team panel of IT, legal and insurance experts that deal with these threats every day, and have the experience and knowledge to help you make the right security decisions.
Information Security Management Education Program - Concept Document Dinesh O Bareja
Information security training is incomplete which ever way one sees it - the techie lacks a lot of stuff and so does the non-techie. This is a concept to make changes and build an education program which will actually create professionals having good skills.
First line of defense for cybersecurity : AIAhmed Banafa
The year 2017 wasn't a great year for cyber-security; we saw a large number of high-profile cyber attacks; including Uber, Deloitte, Equifax and the now infamous WannaCry ransomware attack, and 2018 started with a bang too with the hacking of Winter Olympics.
The frightening truth about increasingly cyber-attacks is that most businesses and the cybersecurity industry itself are not prepared. Despite the constant flow of security updates and patches, the number of attacks continues to rise.
Intrusion detection and anomaly detection system using sequential pattern miningeSAT Journals
Abstract
Nowadays the security methods from password protected access up to firewalls which are used to secure the data as well as the networks from attackers. Several times these types of security methods are not enough to protect data. We can consider the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is the one way to secure the data on critical systems. Most of the research work is going on the effectiveness and exactness of the intrusion detection, but these attempts are for the detection of the intrusions at the operating system and network level only. It is unable to detect the unexpected behavior of systems due to malicious transactions in databases. The method used for spotting any interferes on the information in the form of database known as database intrusion detection. It relies on enlisting the execution of a transaction. After that, if the recognized pattern is aside from those regular patterns actual is considered as an intrusion. But the identified problem with this process is that the accuracy algorithm which is used may not identify entire patterns. This type of challenges can affect in two ways. 1) Missing of the database with regular patterns. 2) The detection process neglects some new patterns. Therefore we proposed sequential data mining method by using new Modified Apriori Algorithm. The algorithm upturns the accurateness and rate of pattern detection by the process. The Apriori algorithm with modifications is used in the proposed model.
Keywords — Anomaly Detection, Modified Apriori Algorithm, Misuse detection, Sequential Pattern Mining
Solving the Encryption Conundrum in Financial ServicesEchoworx
Encryption has gone mainstream!
The encryption debate has captured the world’s attention. And coupled with the inevitability of another notable data breach, awareness of encryption as a tool to mitigate threat is at an all-time high. Still confidential financial statements, mortgage documents, and investment information are regularly sent unencrypted.
This white paper sets out some of the key rules, guidelines, best practices and associated risks for FINRA member firms and suggests ways that organizations can use encryption to protect themselves, their customers and representatives. In addition, it looks at some of the issues enterprises encounter when enabling email encryption technologies and ways to avoid them.
The project title for this task force is “Cyber Security Maturity Model for Organizations”. Some of the
key things that you are going to learn from this presentation is:
The user organizations will learn, how to easily adapt a cyber security maturity assessmentmodel based on the widely accepted frameworks such as NIST CSF and ISO27001:2013
The readers will learn about the core information security domains and how to plan forsecurity activities around those core domains
The readers will learn how to prioritize the security budget and draw out the securitycontrol implementation roadmap for their organization
The readers will learn to apply a risk informed approach to information security for theirorganizations which can be used to educate about and sell security to their CEO’s and board members.
Emerging application and data protection for multi cloudUlf Mattsson
Emerging Application and Data Protection for Multi-Cloud
Personal data privacy will be the most prominent issue affecting how businesses gather, store, process, and disclose data in public cloud. Businesses have been inundated with information on what recent privacy laws like GDPR and CCPA require, but many are still trying to figure out how to comply with them on a practical level. Many companies are focusing on data privacy from the legal and security side, which are foundational, but are missing the focus on data. The good news is that these data privacy regulations compel businesses to get a handle on personal data - how they get it, where they get it from, which systems process it, where it goes internally and externally, etc. In other words, the new norms of data privacy require proactive data management, which enables organizations to extract real business value from their data, improve the customer experience, streamline internal processes, and better understand their customers. The new Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR) provides perspectives on how Criminals simply shift their focus and adapt their tactics to locate and steal the data they find to be of most value. This session will discuss Emerging Application and Data Protection for Multi-cloud and review Differential privacy, Tokenization, Homomorphic encryption, and Privacy-preserving computation.
Practical risk management for the multi cloudUlf Mattsson
This session will take a practical approach to IT risk management and discuss multi cloud, Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report (DBIR) and how Enterprises are losing ground in the fight against persistent cyber-attacks. We simply cannot catch the bad guys until it is too late. This picture is not improving. Verizon reports concluded that less than 14% of breaches are detected by internal monitoring tools.
We will review the JP Morgan Chase data breach were hackers were in the bank’s network for months undetected. Network configuration errors are inevitable, even at the largest banks as Capital One that recently had a data breach where a hacker gained access to 100 million credit card applications and accounts.
Viewers will also learn about:
- Macro trends in Cloud security and Micro trends in Cloud security
- Risks from Quantum Computing and when we should move to alternate forms of encryption
- Review “Kill Chains” from Lockhead Martin in relation to APT and DDoS Attacks
- Risk Management methods from ISACA and other organizations
Speaker: Ulf Mattsson, Head of Innovation, TokenEx
The body of technologies, processes and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs and data from attack, damage, or unauthorized access is referred to as cyber security. It is also known as information technology security. The practice is used by individuals and enterprises to protect against unauthorized access to data centers and other computerized systems.
Comparative Study on Intrusion Detection Systems for Smartphonesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cyber Risk Quantification for Employees | Safe SecurityRahul Tyagi
Humans
the weakest link in cybersecurity
“Amateurs hack systems, professionals hack people.”
Companies are built by the people it hires, yet, if you
ask the Chief Information Security Officer about their
weakest link, more often than not, they will say that it’s
the very same people that make the company.
Furthermore, according to a report by CybSafe’s
analysis of data from the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), human error was the cause of
approximately 90% of data breaches in 2019!
How to quantify human risk in your organization visit : https://www.safe.security/safe/people/
A security awareness presentation created for an audience of senior officials from MTNL (India's foremost telecom PSU). The presentation covers fundamentals of Information Security, it's evolution, present day risks from the IT and Telecom infrastructure perspective.
“AI techniques in cyber-security applications”. Flammini lnu susec19Francesco Flammini
▪ “AI techniques in cyber-security applications”. Invited speech at “Sunetdagarna våren 2019” (conference of the association of Swedish universities), April 1-4 2019, Växjö, Sweden.
An Assessment of Intrusion Detection System IDS and Data Set Overview A Compr...ijtsrd
Millions of people worldwide have Internet access today. Intrusion detection technology is a modern wave of information technology monitoring devices to deter malicious activities. Malware development malicious software is a vital problem when it comes to designing intrusion detection systems IDS . The key challenge is to recognize unknown and hidden malware, because malware writers use various evasion techniques to mask information to avoid IDS detection. Malicious attacks have become more sophisticated and Furthermore, threats to security have increased, including a zero day attack on internet users. Through the use of IT in our daily lives, computer security has become critical. Cyber threats are becoming more complex and pose growing challenges when it comes to successful intrusion detection. Failure to prevent invading information, such as data privacy, integrity and availability can undermine the credibility of security services. Specific intrusion detection approaches were proposed in the literature to combat computer security threats. This paper consists of a literature survey of the IDS that uses program algorithms to use specific data collection and forensic techniques in real time. Data mining techniques for cyber research are introduced in support of intrusion detection. Mohammed I. Alghamdi "An Assessment of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Data-Set Overview: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Works" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35730.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/35730/an-assessment-of-intrusion-detection-system-ids-and-dataset-overview-a-comprehensive-review-of-recent-works/mohammed-i-alghamdi
Emerging Trends in Information Security and Privacylgcdcpas
Malware infiltrations, spear phishing, data breaches these are scary words with even scarier implications. These threats are hitting the interconnected technology world fast and hard and can no longer be ignored.
Are you doing everything you can to avoid having your data compromised and becoming the next security breach horror story?
To help you answer that question, join the security experts at LGC+D for the Emerging Trends in Information Privacy and Security seminar on Wednesday, August 6th. They will be joined by a dream team panel of IT, legal and insurance experts that deal with these threats every day, and have the experience and knowledge to help you make the right security decisions.
Information Security Management Education Program - Concept Document Dinesh O Bareja
Information security training is incomplete which ever way one sees it - the techie lacks a lot of stuff and so does the non-techie. This is a concept to make changes and build an education program which will actually create professionals having good skills.
First line of defense for cybersecurity : AIAhmed Banafa
The year 2017 wasn't a great year for cyber-security; we saw a large number of high-profile cyber attacks; including Uber, Deloitte, Equifax and the now infamous WannaCry ransomware attack, and 2018 started with a bang too with the hacking of Winter Olympics.
The frightening truth about increasingly cyber-attacks is that most businesses and the cybersecurity industry itself are not prepared. Despite the constant flow of security updates and patches, the number of attacks continues to rise.
Intrusion detection and anomaly detection system using sequential pattern miningeSAT Journals
Abstract
Nowadays the security methods from password protected access up to firewalls which are used to secure the data as well as the networks from attackers. Several times these types of security methods are not enough to protect data. We can consider the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is the one way to secure the data on critical systems. Most of the research work is going on the effectiveness and exactness of the intrusion detection, but these attempts are for the detection of the intrusions at the operating system and network level only. It is unable to detect the unexpected behavior of systems due to malicious transactions in databases. The method used for spotting any interferes on the information in the form of database known as database intrusion detection. It relies on enlisting the execution of a transaction. After that, if the recognized pattern is aside from those regular patterns actual is considered as an intrusion. But the identified problem with this process is that the accuracy algorithm which is used may not identify entire patterns. This type of challenges can affect in two ways. 1) Missing of the database with regular patterns. 2) The detection process neglects some new patterns. Therefore we proposed sequential data mining method by using new Modified Apriori Algorithm. The algorithm upturns the accurateness and rate of pattern detection by the process. The Apriori algorithm with modifications is used in the proposed model.
Keywords — Anomaly Detection, Modified Apriori Algorithm, Misuse detection, Sequential Pattern Mining
Solving the Encryption Conundrum in Financial ServicesEchoworx
Encryption has gone mainstream!
The encryption debate has captured the world’s attention. And coupled with the inevitability of another notable data breach, awareness of encryption as a tool to mitigate threat is at an all-time high. Still confidential financial statements, mortgage documents, and investment information are regularly sent unencrypted.
This white paper sets out some of the key rules, guidelines, best practices and associated risks for FINRA member firms and suggests ways that organizations can use encryption to protect themselves, their customers and representatives. In addition, it looks at some of the issues enterprises encounter when enabling email encryption technologies and ways to avoid them.
This white paper examines the factors that have driven rapid adoption of tokenization among retailers and other merchants, and offers lessons from the PCI experience that can be applied to other industries and use cases.
Cybersecurity Research Paper instructionsSelect a research topic.docxtheodorelove43763
Cybersecurity Research Paper instructions
Select a research topic from the list below. After selecting your topic, research the incident using news articles, magazine articles (trade press), journal articles, and/or technical reports from government and industry.
TJ Maxx Security breach
For a grade of A, a minimum of five authoritative sources are required.
Your research is to be incorporated into the students' 3- to 5-page written analysis of the attack or incident. Your report is to be prepared using basic APA formatting (see below) and submitted as an MS Word attachment to the Cybersecurity Research Paper entry in your assignments folder.
This paper must be plagiarism free. I will have to turn it in using turnitin.com!
Below is one source that should be used for this paper. I will also send the full text pdf for the source.
Source 1
Berg, G. G., Freeman, M. S., & Schneider, K. N. (2008). Analyzing the TJ Maxx Data Security Fiasco. CPA Journal, 78(8), 34-37.
A C C O U N T I N G & A U D I T I N G
a u d i t i n g
Analyzing the TJ Maxx Data Security Fiasco
Lessons for Auditors
By Gary G. Berg. Michelle S.
Freeman, and Kent N. Schneider
I n January 2007, TJX Companies,Inc. (TJX), the parent company ofretail chains such as T,J. Maxx and
Marshalls, issued a press release announc-
ing that its computer systems had been
breached and that customer information
had heen stolen. As the investigation into
the crime continued during 2007, estimates
of the number of customers affected sky-
rocketed. Other reports indicated that at
least 94 million Visa and MasterCard
accounts had been compromised, with loss-
es projected to approach $4.5 biilion. As
expected, Visa and MasterCard are seek-
ing to recoup these losses from TJX. The
sheer scale of the security breach should
cause auditors to wonder about the impli-
cations for their professional practice.
What Went Wrong at TJX?
Investigations into the TJX case appear
to indicate that the company was not in
compliance with the Payment Card
Industry (PCI) data security standards
established in 2004 by American Express,
Discover Financial Services. JCB.
MasterCard Worldwide, and Visa
Intemational. Repxirts identified three major
areas of vulnerability: inadequate wireless
network security, improper storage of
customer data, and failure to encrypt cus-
tomer account data.
Inadequate wireless network security.
The store where the initial breach occurred
was using a wireless network that was
inadequately secured. Specifically, the net-
work was using a security protocol
known as wired equivalent privacy (WEP),
One problem with WEP security is that it
is easy to crack. In fact, researchers at
Darmstadt Technical University in
Germany have demonstrated that a WEP
key can be broken in less than a minute.
More important. WEP does not satisfy
industry standards that require the use of
the much stronger WPA (Wi-Ei Protected
Access) protocol. After breaking into the
store's network, the hackers then bre.
For digital media companies, effective cybersecurity programs a mustGrant Thornton LLP
In digital media trust is everything, without it your business model doesn’t work. Cybersecurity can be a key component, ensuring the integrity of your services. Check out this brief guide to securing your data.
Evolving regulations are changing the way we think about tools and technologyUlf Mattsson
Discover the latest in RegTech and stay up-to-date on compliance tools and best practices.
The move to digital has meant that many organizations have had to rethink legacy systems.
They need to put the customer first, focus on the Customer Experience and Digital Experience Platforms.
They also need to understand the latest in RegTech and solutions for hybrid cloud.
We will discuss Regtech for the financial industry and related technologies for compliance.
We will discuss new International Standards, tools and best practices for financial institutions including PCI v4, FFIEC, NACHA, NIST, GDPR and CCPA.
We will discuss related technologies for Data Security and Privacy, including data de-identification, encryption, tokenization and the new API Economy.
Best Practices to Protect Cardholder Data Environment and Achieve PCI ComplianceRapid7
Cyber-attacks designed for financial gain are on the rise, targeting proprietary information including customer and financial information. With over 127 million records exposed in 2007 in the US alone, attacks are becoming increasingly more sophisticated. Learn more about best practices to protect the cardholder data environment and achieve PCI compliance.
New regulations and the evolving cybersecurity technology landscapeUlf Mattsson
As the cyber threat landscape continues to evolve, organizations worldwide are increasing their spend on cybersecurity technology. We have a transition from 3rd party security providers into native cloud security services. The challenge of securing enterprise data assets is increasing. What’s needed to control Cyber Risk and stay Compliant in this evolving landscape?
We will discuss evolving industry standards, how to keep track of your data assets, protect your sensitive data and maintain compliance to new regulations.
Top Solutions and Tools to Prevent Devastating Malware White PaperNetIQ
Custom malware frequently goes undetected. According to Forrester Research, the best way to reduce risk of breach is to deploy file integrity monitoring (FIM) tools that provide immediate alerts.
Portal Authentication: A Balancing Act Between Security Usability and Complia...PortalGuard
Virtually every organization maintains highly sensitive information to which it must
control strict access. These data sources might include customer databases, CRM
systems, repositories of financial information and the like. Increasingly, these content
sources are accessed through portals Microsoft SharePoint and other solutions.
Importantly, SharePoint is among the leaders in Gartner’s 2013 Magic Quadrant for
horizontal portalsi.
http://www.portalguard.com
The Most Wonderful Time of the Year for Health-IT...NOTCompliancy Group
The Compliancy Group offers FREE HIPAA education with industry experts from across the industry. This months webinar with Axis Technology focuses on Health IT and the challenges that come with it. Register for our upcoming webinars at www.compliancy-group.com/webinar
Future of SOC: More Security, Less OperationsAnton Chuvakin
"Future of SOC: More Security, Less Operations" was originally presented by Dr Anton Chuvakin in March 2024 at a virtual conference in Finland
The future of SOC looks less like its past. AI is part of the future, but engineering-led approach to SOC is more critical
Detection and Response of the future will be more heavily automated
SOC Meets Cloud: What Breaks, What Changes, What to Do?Anton Chuvakin
SOC Meets Cloud: What Breaks, What Changes, What to Do?
originally presented at Mandiant mWise 2023 by Dr Anton Chuvakin of Google Cloud Office of the CISO
Cloud changes everything (does it though?), including how we do threat detection and incident response in the SOC. As we continue to transform our attack surfaces, how do we make sure our detection and response are done "the cloud way"? There were also cases where both business and IT migrated to the cloud, but security was left behind and had to approach cloud challenges with on-premise tools and practices. How should a SOC born before cloud deal with cloud? What to watch for? What changes? What breaks? What stays the same?
Meet the Ghost of SecOps Future by Anton ChuvakinAnton Chuvakin
Meet the Ghost of SecOps Future by Anton Chuvakin
Meet the Ghost of SecOps Future
Today’s SOC has an increasingly difficult job protecting growing and expanding organizations. The landscape is changing and the SOC needs to change with the times or risk falling behind the evolution of business, IT, and threats.
But you have choices! Your future fate is not set in stone and can be changed: some optimize what they have without drastic upheaval, while others choose to truly transform their detection and response.
Join us as we show you a vision of what the SOC will look like in the near future and how to choose the best course of action today.
Originally aired at https://cloudonair.withgoogle.com/events/2023-dec-security-talks
Video https://youtu.be/KbQbuFAPY2c?si=0llv1v_CkVtvsyms
SOC Lessons from DevOps and SRE by Anton ChuvakinAnton Chuvakin
SOC Lessons from DevOps and SRE by Dr Anton Chuvakin - RSA 2023 Google Cloud sideshow presentation focused on using select DevOps and SRE lessons to make your SOC better
20 years of SIEM was prepared for the SANS webinar https://www.sans.org/webcasts/anton-chuvakin-discusses-20-years-of-siem-what-s-next/ and offers Anton's reflection on SIEM past and future
10X SOC - SANS Blue Summit Keynote 2021 - Anton ChuvakinAnton Chuvakin
Can We REALLY 10X the SOC? by Dr Anton Chuvakin
Many organizations promise to transform your security operations center (SOC) with technology, advice or their personnel. However, what does it take to really transform your SOC to be ready for future threats? Is this an impossible problem? Is this something that can be only done by well funded organizations? Let's explore these and other questions in this talk.
https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-training-events/blue-team-summit-2021/#agenda
Five Best and Five Worst Practices for SIEM by Dr. Anton ChuvakinAnton Chuvakin
End-User Case Study: Five Best and Five Worst Practices for SIEM
Implementing SIEM sounds straightforward, but reality sometimes begs to differ. In this session, Dr.
Anton Chuvakin will share the five best and worst practices for implementing SIEM as part of security
monitoring and intelligence. Understanding how to avoid pitfalls and create a successful SIEM
implementation will help maximize security and compliance value, and avoid costly obstacles,
inefficiencies, and risks
Five Best and Five Worst Practices for SIEM by Dr. Anton ChuvakinAnton Chuvakin
End-User Case Study: Five Best and Five Worst Practices for SIEM
Implementing SIEM sounds straightforward, but reality sometimes begs to differ. In this session, Dr.
Anton Chuvakin will share the five best and worst practices for implementing SIEM as part of security
monitoring and intelligence. Understanding how to avoid pitfalls and create a successful SIEM
implementation will help maximize security and compliance value, and avoid costly obstacles,
inefficiencies, and risks
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Log Management for PCI Compliance [OLD]
1. Log Management in PCI Compliance
Dr Anton Chuvakin, GCIA, GCIH, GCFA
WRITTEN: 2007
DISCLAIMER:
Security is a rapidly changing field of human endeavor. Threats we face literally change
every day; moreover, many security professionals consider the rate of change to be
accelerating. On top of that, to be able to stay in touch with such ever-changing reality,
one has to evolve with the space as well. Thus, even though I hope that this document
will be useful for to my readers, please keep in mind that is was possibly written years
ago. Also, keep in mind that some of the URL might have gone 404, please Google
around.
Security professionals have come to realize that ensuring data security and integrity is
critical to business continuity and risk mitigation. However, with increasing amounts of
data flooding our ever more complex networks, the risk of stolen or lost - with you unable
to prove that it was not stolen - information continues to rise. Online merchant networks
are particularly at risk from both classic computer attacks and more insidious fraud. At
the same time, the more customer data is collected, the more dangerous the situation
becomes. In response to this trend and to prodding from major credit card companies,
new security measures are being implemented by merchants and other businesses to
protect the data their customers trust them with (or don’t even know they have…).
Today, all credit card merchants, service providers and retailers who process, store and
transmit cardholder data have a responsibility to protect that data and must comply with
a diverse range of regulations and industry mandates as well as a growing list of
voluntary “best practices” frameworks. These include the venerable Sarbanes-Oxley bill
(better known as SOX or SarbOx), the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
(PCI or PCI DSS), the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 and even HIPAA (healthcare
providers take credit cards too!). Not complying with the above might result in fines, legal
exposure, or both, although it is widely known that the regulation differ wildly in regards
to their “teeth.” For instance, it was reported that nobody was ever fined for being out of
compliance with HIPAA [this was written in 2007 – and not true now in 2009 anymore
with HITECH bill in place].
But this is easier said than done. Immense volumes of log data are being generated on
such payment networks, necessitating more efficient ways of managing, storing and
searching through log data, both reactively – after a suspected incident – and proactively
– in search of potential risks. For example, a typical retailer generates hundreds of
thousands of log messages per day amounting to many terabytes per year. An online
merchant can generate upwards of 500,000 log messages every day. One of America’s
largest retailers has more than 60 terabytes of log data on their systems at any given
time. At the same time, unlike other companies, the retailed often have no option of not
caring for logging.
The importance of effective and efficient log data management in payment networks
cannot be underemphasized. In fact, the result of data mismanagement can be
2. devastating. Retail Ventures Inc., for example, lost personal customer information from
108 stores in its DSW Shoe Warehouse subsidiary, an incident that involved 1.4 million
credit cards used to make purchases. The lost data consisted of account numbers,
names, and transaction amounts. Similarly, CardSystems was sued in a series of class
action cases alleging it failed to adequately protect the personal information of 40 million
consumers. At an individual cost of $30 per consumer the costs of repairing the damage
could be as high as $1.2 billion. What is interesting is that in a latter case, only a smaller
number of cards was “confirmed stolen”, while the rest were not “confirmed safe,” since
there were no logs to prove that they were not.
Addressing PCI not only protects businesses and merchants from cardholder fraud, but
also satisfies a broader mandate for information protection and security. Several retailed
stated that complying with PCI makes them automatically compliance with SOX, due to
more stringent and more specific requirements described in the PCI standard. Additional
benefits include improved operational efficiencies through broad compliance (even likely
with future regulations!), reduced IT administration and maintenance costs, reduced IT
labor costs and greater IT productivity. At the same time, some see complying with PCI
as another compliance burden for companies, especially if IT resources are limited and
focused on a day-to-day grind of “firefighting.” To cost-effectively and efficiently comply
with PCI, companies should look at log management and intelligence (LMI) solutions to
simplify the process of collecting, storing and managing log data to both satisfy the
reporting and monitoring requirements, audit log collection requirements as well as
enable better incident response and forensics.
PCI Compliance Combats Fraud and Improves Security
In most cases, when a customer clicks the “buy” button on a web site, a number of
things happen on the backend. An application server connects to a database, multiple
records are updated and sometimes a connection to a separate payment application is
initiated. All those activities generate log files in various places: on the servers,
applications, databases as well as on network and security infrastructure components.
At the same time, the attackers know that there might be vulnerabilities in these
processes and technologies that leave data unprotected. Internal threats such as insider
misuse are of even greater concern in this case, since there are no perimeter defenses
stopping such attackers.
According to recent FBI survey, financial fraud is the second-largest category of hacking
events on the Internet today. Similarly, Gartner estimates that 20-30% of Global 1000
companies suffer losses due to mismanagement of private and confidential information.
The costs to recover from these mistakes could reach up to $5-20 million per company,
as it happened in a few recent cases affecting both commercial and government entities.
Additionally, it is well known. brand damage results from waning consumer trust.
PCI Requirements Center on Security and Authorized Access
Complying with PCI, merchants and service providers not only meet their obligations to
the payment system but create a culture of security that benefits everyone, including the
top executives. The security requirements of PCI extend to all system components that
are connected to the cardholder data environment:
3. • Network components: firewalls, switches, routers, intrusion prevention and detection
systems, proxies and content filters, wireless access points as well as other network and
security appliances
• Servers: web, database, authentication, domain name service (DNS), mail, network
time protocol (NTP), directory and others
• Applications: all purchased and custom apps, internally and externally facing web
applications, intranet applications, etc
What is even more important is that companies must be able to verify and demonstrate
their compliance status and to do so rapidly, whenever an assessment takes place.
Such proof of compliance is a fundamental and critical function that identifies and
corrects potential pitfalls in the network, and ensures that appropriate levels of
cardholder information security are maintained.
PCI requirements revolve around the following goals:
• Build and maintain a secure network
• Protect cardholder data in transit and at rest
• Maintain a vulnerability management program
• Implement strong access control measures and audit them on a regular basis
• Continuously monitor networks and systems
• Maintain an information security policy
* Maintain audit trails of all of the above activities
Log data plays a central role in meeting several of these goals. Specifically, without log
data, companies cannot verify and audit access controls, other security safeguards and
policies or even monitor their networks and systems as well as conduct incident
response activities.
The PCI specification highlights the necessity of log data collection and management for
meeting the key requirements. For example, Requirement 10 specifies that companies
should “track and monitor all access to network resources and cardholder data.” The
requirement specifies that companies “implement automated audit trails to reconstruct
events for all system components.” These events include user access, actions taken,
invalid logical access attempts, use of identification and authentication mechanisms,
initialization of audit logs and creation or deletion of system-level objects. It also
recommends recording audit trail entries for each event, including user ID, type of event,
date and time, success or failure, origination of event, and the identity of the affected
data or component.
The PCI standard goes on to say that companies should “review logs for all system
components at least daily,” and the review should include servers that handle intrusion
detection, authentication, authorization and accounting. The interesting thing is that, in
the mind of many retailers, “review logs daily” does not mean that a person would be
poring through the logs every single day. An automated system can do this just as well,
and in fact better. In case of such “automated review,” alerts would be generated in case
traces of malicious, suspicious or fraudulent activity are seen in logs. At the same time, a
human analyst might review reports and alerts that highlight such activity as needed.
In addition, PCI specifies that “an audit trail should be retained for a period consistent
with its effective use, as well as legal regulations,” and that this the “audit history usually
4. covers a period of at least one year, with a minimum of 3 months available online.” Thus
there are also log data retention (and the corresponding log data destruction
requirements!) requirements.
One should note that log data is implicitly present in many other PCI requirements, not
only the directly relevant Requirement 10. For instance, just about every claim that is
made to satisfy the requirements, such as data encryption or anti-virus updates, requires
log files to actually substantiate it. So, even the requirement to “use and regularly update
anti-virus software” will likely generate requires for log data during the assessment, since
the information is present in anti-virus audit logs. It is also well-known that failed anti-
virus updates, also reflected in logs, expose the company the malware risks, since anti-
virus without the latest signature updates only creates a false sense of security and
undermine the compliance effort.
Similarly, the requirement to “establish, document, and distribute security incident
response and escalation procedures to ensure timely and effective handling of all
situations” is unthinkable to satisfy without effective collection and timely review of log
data.
Thus, logs value to PCI program goes much beyond Requirement 10. Only through
careful log data collection and management can companies meet the broad
requirements of PCI. Such detailed log data management requires embedded
intelligence in the log management solution to make the data secure, accessible and
easy to organize and to automate many of the required tasks, such as monitoring,
analysis and retention.
LMI for PCI Compliance
A comprehensive log management solution that can collect, aggregate and centrally
store all data from these network entities is essential to meet the goals of the PCI
standard. LMI enables satisfying the audit, monitoring, data protection, log data
collection and retention, identity access and change management cited in PCI
requirement documents.
Let’s look at some of the above requirements in more detail.
Data Protection
To provide the necessary data protection measures, companies should implement an
LMI solution that enables administrators to set alerts on and report on all applications,
devices, and systems. This enables them to provide evidence that infrastructure has
been configured properly and are misconfigured systems are not providing a backdoor
for intruders – or a front door to insiders through which vital information can leak. Alerts
can provide administrators with early warning of misuse and attacks, allowing them to
isolate and fix the problem before damage occurs or data is lost. And, of various data
access policies and processes not being followed.
Crucial to any implementation of LMI is securing the log data itself, both at rest and in
transit. This not only serves to reduce the risk of this vital information leaking, but also
prevents it from being altered or lost thereby reducing its relevance, immutability and
forensic quality.
5. Identity access and change management
Access and change management are critical to meeting PCI compliance as well as other
regulations and IT governance frameworks, such as ITIL, COBIT or ISO. Strong access
and change control measures ensure that only authorized users can access or take
action on critical data. The PCI standard mandates that companies maintain a complete
record of access (both failed and successful), activity, and configuration changes for
applications, servers and network devices. Such log data allows IT to set up alerts to
unusual or suspicious network behavior and provide information to auditors with
complete and accurate validation of security policy enforcement and segregation of
duties.
LMI allows administrators to monitor who has permission to access or make changes to
devices and applications in the network. It also enables administrators to create a
complete audit trail across devices and protect network resources from unauthorized
access or modifications. An effective LMI solution will support centralized, automated
storage of collected data allows for faster, more reliable data retrieval during an audit or
while investigating suspicious behavior.
Network and System Monitoring
PCI compliance necessitates ongoing monitoring of network activity to validate that
processes and policies for security, change and access management, and user
validation are in place and up to date.
Logging and monitoring allow for fast problem isolation and thorough analysis when
something goes or is about to go wrong. With the automated monitoring capabilities
delivered by an LMI solution, companies can better mitigate risk and reduce downtime,
because they can address data critical for problem resolution and threat mitigation
rapidly, before damage spreads. Ongoing and automated monitoring gives
administrators greater insight into the payment network at all times so that unusual user
activity, unauthorized access or even risky insider behavior can be identified—and
stopped—immediately.
Components of an Effective LMI Solution
To use log data to unleash its full value for compliance, operations excellency and
security, companies should implement a log management solution that provides the
following critical capabilities:
• Collection and aggregation 100% of all log data from enterprise data sources including
firewalls, VPN concentrators, web proxies, IDS systems, email servers and all of the
other systems and applications mentioned in the PCI standard.
• Creation of reports that organize the log data quickly and automatically, so that
administrators can deliver detailed network activity information and proof of compliance
to auditors.
• Setting of alerts based on changes to individual devices, groups of devices or the
network, to minimize network downtime and loss of data due to malicious attacks,
security breeches, insider misuse or performance issues.
6. • Fast data retrieval from securely stored, unaltered raw log files. Immutable logs are
critical in litigation and attestation.
• Integration with existing network management and security solutions to reduce
maintenance and administration and leverage existing architecture.
• The ability to contextualize log data (comparing application, network and database
logs) when undertaking forensics and other operational tasks.
By now the reader should be convinced that it is impossible to comply with PCI
requirements without log data management processes and technologies in place.
Complete log data is needed to prove that security, change management, access control
and other required processes and policies are in use, up to date and are being adhered
to. In addition, when managed well, log data can protect companies when legal issues
arise; for example, when processes and procedures are in question or when an e-
discovery process is initiated as a part of an ongoing investigation. Not only does log
data enable compliance, but it allows companies to prove that they are implementing
and continuously monitoring the processes outlined by the requirements. In fact, that is
the ONLY way to prove it!
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
This is an updated author bio, added to the paper at the time of reposting in 2009.
Dr. Anton Chuvakin (http://www.chuvakin.org) is a recognized security expert in the
field of log management and PCI DSS compliance. He is an author of books "Security
Warrior" and "PCI Compliance" and a contributor to "Know Your Enemy II",
"Information Security Management Handbook" and others. Anton has published dozens
of papers on log management, correlation, data analysis, PCI DSS, security management
(see list www.info-secure.org) . His blog http://www.securitywarrior.org is one of the
most popular in the industry.
In addition, Anton teaches classes and presents at many security conferences across the
world; he recently addressed audiences in United States, UK, Singapore, Spain, Russia
and other countries. He works on emerging security standards and serves on the advisory
boards of several security start-ups.
Currently, Anton is developing his security consulting practice
www.securitywarriorconsulting.com, focusing on logging and PCI DSS compliance for
security vendors and Fortune 500 organizations. Dr. Anton Chuvakin was formerly a
Director of PCI Compliance Solutions at Qualys. Previously, Anton worked at LogLogic
as a Chief Logging Evangelist, tasked with educating the world about the importance of
logging for security, compliance and operations. Before LogLogic, Anton was employed
by a security vendor in a strategic product management role. Anton earned his Ph.D.
degree from Stony Brook University.