Local economic development is most effective in cities, as cities have natural economic advantages over other areas. Cities benefit from economies of scale and agglomeration that lower costs and drive innovation. Well-planned cities that are compact, mixed-use, and offer diverse transportation options best leverage these advantages by facilitating interaction, opportunity, and access to talent, customers, suppliers, and resources. LED initiatives are most straightforward in great cities and become increasingly difficult in smaller cities and towns lacking the self-sustaining momentum of major urban areas. Urban planning and transportation play key roles in creating the conditions that allow cities to fulfill their potential as engines of economic growth.
LED in the urban context for Mayors Institute - EnglishNachman Shelef
Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a
Local Economic Development in the urban context a missed opportunityNachman Shelef
Presented to the Milken-Koret fellows program 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a great city require a third approach and lastly cities that are not great require a forth approach.
Presentation "Involvement of Real Estate Professionals in the Development of New Megalopolises" by Vahagn Movsesyan at the Global Real Estate Think Tank meeting in Paris, on December 11th, 2012
hi guys !! check the features and factors behind the development of noida. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
The document discusses local economic development (LED) and transit-oriented development (ToD) strategies. It argues that ToD can be used as an LED strategy by creating great places that attract investment, businesses, talent and residents. Specifically, ToD stations located in existing town centers can leverage regional economic forces and accelerate LED by increasing density, variety and access.
The document provides details about the history and development of Noida, India. It discusses how Noida was established in 1976 and developed from flood plains along the Yamuna River. It outlines the expansion of Noida over time through successive master plans and increased notified area. Key facts presented include the current population and number of industries. The document also describes some of Noida's major developments and designations, such as its expressway, industrial zones, housing projects, green spaces, and metro system. An interview with the Chief Architect Planner of Noida Authority provides further context on revenue sources, governance initiatives, and development challenges.
Urban Real Estate & Development in IndiaNitin Narang
The document discusses urban real estate development in India and strategies for achieving sustainability and social responsibility. It notes that most new development is large-scale greenfield projects on the outskirts of cities led by private developers. However, current approaches often lack comprehensive planning, public infrastructure, and focus primarily on profits. The document advocates for updated public policies and incentives to encourage collaboration between developers for building sustainable, mixed-use, and socially inclusive communities. It provides examples of successful developments abroad that integrate these goals.
Developed for the June 2014 Convening on Inclusive Regional Economic Growth at the Ford Foundation, this framing paper captures findings from interviews of attendees and other leading practitioners to provide a baseline assessment of the emerging practice of Inclusive Regional Economic Growth. The paper describes underlying changes in the next economy, including the inclusive growth paradox and imperative; provides an economic framework for identifying key challenges and opportunities for aligning growth and inclusion; highlights innovations and issues in the emerging practice; and offers observations about how to better coordinate and scale the practice.
LED in the urban context for Mayors Institute - EnglishNachman Shelef
Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a
Local Economic Development in the urban context a missed opportunityNachman Shelef
Presented to the Milken-Koret fellows program 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a great city require a third approach and lastly cities that are not great require a forth approach.
Presentation "Involvement of Real Estate Professionals in the Development of New Megalopolises" by Vahagn Movsesyan at the Global Real Estate Think Tank meeting in Paris, on December 11th, 2012
hi guys !! check the features and factors behind the development of noida. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
The document discusses local economic development (LED) and transit-oriented development (ToD) strategies. It argues that ToD can be used as an LED strategy by creating great places that attract investment, businesses, talent and residents. Specifically, ToD stations located in existing town centers can leverage regional economic forces and accelerate LED by increasing density, variety and access.
The document provides details about the history and development of Noida, India. It discusses how Noida was established in 1976 and developed from flood plains along the Yamuna River. It outlines the expansion of Noida over time through successive master plans and increased notified area. Key facts presented include the current population and number of industries. The document also describes some of Noida's major developments and designations, such as its expressway, industrial zones, housing projects, green spaces, and metro system. An interview with the Chief Architect Planner of Noida Authority provides further context on revenue sources, governance initiatives, and development challenges.
Urban Real Estate & Development in IndiaNitin Narang
The document discusses urban real estate development in India and strategies for achieving sustainability and social responsibility. It notes that most new development is large-scale greenfield projects on the outskirts of cities led by private developers. However, current approaches often lack comprehensive planning, public infrastructure, and focus primarily on profits. The document advocates for updated public policies and incentives to encourage collaboration between developers for building sustainable, mixed-use, and socially inclusive communities. It provides examples of successful developments abroad that integrate these goals.
Developed for the June 2014 Convening on Inclusive Regional Economic Growth at the Ford Foundation, this framing paper captures findings from interviews of attendees and other leading practitioners to provide a baseline assessment of the emerging practice of Inclusive Regional Economic Growth. The paper describes underlying changes in the next economy, including the inclusive growth paradox and imperative; provides an economic framework for identifying key challenges and opportunities for aligning growth and inclusion; highlights innovations and issues in the emerging practice; and offers observations about how to better coordinate and scale the practice.
This document discusses innovation in social transition in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam related to housing for low-income earners and solid waste collection services. It provides an overview of the city and renovation process, then details research findings on two initiatives: (1) Renovation in housing has included mobilizing people's capital, changing apartment designs, developing comprehensive living spaces, and building in favorable locations. (2) Renovation in solid waste collection has involved private collectors working with local authorities and improving institutional arrangements. The research aims to identify innovative factors, interpret the basis for innovations, and propose solutions to support further development.
This presentation provides a baseline assessment of the emerging practice of Inclusive Regional Economic Growth and an economic framework for identifying key challenges and opportunities for aligning growth and inclusion; highlights innovations and issues in the emerging practice; and offers observations about how to better coordinate and scale the practice.
Promoting Local Economic Development through Strategic Planningled4lgus
This document provides an overview of a training series on promoting local economic development through strategic planning. The series includes four volumes: a quick guide, manual, toolkit, and action guide. The quick guide summarized key information for local leaders to initiate and implement local economic development interventions through a strategic planning process involving various stakeholders. The training series was developed by UN-HABITAT and EcoPlan International to help local governments, businesses, and organizations address economic challenges and opportunities in a sustainable manner.
This document discusses regional development and provides lessons that could be relevant for Latvia. It begins by discussing concepts like functional geography and administrative systems as they relate to development models. It then provides examples of various regional development tools used in other parts of the world, such as regional strategic planning systems in Poland, regional business climates in Switzerland, and regional innovation systems in Ontario. The document also discusses frameworks, leadership, and factors important for integrated regional development systems. Overall, the document analyzes experiences and best practices from other regions to identify lessons that could help strengthen Latvia's approach to regional development.
The policies of urban development and housing in India have come a long way since 1950s. The pressure of urban population and lack of housing and basic services were very much evident in the early 1950s. In some cities this was compounded by migration of people from Pakistan. However, the general perception of the policy makers was that India is pre-dominantly an agricultural and rural economy and that there are potent dangers of over urbanisation which will lead to the drain of resources from the countryside to feed the cities.
Urbanization brings both positive and negative economic impacts. Positively, it leads to industrialization which creates more job opportunities. Technology advances more rapidly in urban areas, raising standards of living. However, rapidly growing urban populations also increase costs of housing, land, transportation, and developing infrastructure. Managing urbanization's effects on the economy requires balancing these impacts.
The document discusses urbanization trends in India and concepts related to city planning. It notes that cities are growing rapidly and expanding into surrounding rural areas. Regional planning is becoming more important, with the metropolitan region defined as the city and surrounding suburbs and rural areas. Peripheral regions beyond metropolitan regions are also influenced by cities through economic and social ties. Small towns play an important role as service centers for rural hinterlands, and future planning needs to consider the relationships between cities and the regions and hinterlands they serve.
The document discusses various obstacles in housing in India. Some of the key obstacles mentioned are:
1) Pressure on land resources due to urbanization which leads to issues around land sustainability and availability.
2) Lack of adequate funding for housing development and poor infrastructure.
3) High poverty levels which exacerbate housing problems.
4) Constraints around bank credit, high land costs, and lack of involvement from the private sector which makes housing inaccessible for low and middle income groups.
The document discusses plans for creating a smart future for Japan through building intelligent nations and future city internet platforms. It proposes developing Japan into an intelligent, innovative, and sustainable country ("Smart Japan") with intelligent cities and green communities through a strategy called the "i-Japan Platform". This strategy would make Japan's regions, cities, industries, and economies smarter through technologies like intelligent ICT, ecological technologies, and knowledge management. It would promote sustainability, well-being, and quality of life through eco-friendly development, smart infrastructure, and green real estate. The goal is for Japan to become a leader in areas like renewable energy, future technologies, smart industries, and intelligent governance.
The document summarizes a presentation given at the Niger Delta Development Forum on funding and investment opportunities for infrastructure and economic diversification in the Niger Delta region. It notes that the region's population will double every 25 years and 71% will live in urban areas by 2050. It advocates developing cities in the region as "Cities of Refuge" and economic drivers, with infrastructure targeted towards urban areas. It argues that state governors have a key role to play in unlocking the region's economic potential through land reform, facilitating private sector partnerships, and establishing long-term visions.
This document discusses an initiative to develop "Emerging Diaspora Markets" (EDM) by harnessing the purchasing power of diaspora populations. It aims to foster economic linkages between developed host countries and developing countries of origin. The initiative was launched after two events highlighting opportunities in diaspora economies. It seeks to create investment funds and seed projects exploiting this opportunity. The goal is to develop EDM as a new asset class and conduit for capital flowing to lesser developed nations, capitalizing on the economic power of their citizens living abroad.
Strategies for Planning Smart Cities in IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document discusses strategies for planning smart cities in India. It outlines that as urban populations grow, cities must be planned to promote quality of life, efficiency, and sustainability. New approaches to urban planning are needed that are people-centric, flexible, and promote inclusion, equity and opportunities for all residents. Cities must also be planned compactly and vertically to reduce resource use, pollution and travel needs. Smart buildings that are energy efficient through design and technology will be important for making cities sustainable.
President's Challenge
Nation's Challenge
Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda
Smart World
Sustainable Nations,
Intelligent Countries
Smart State
Future Territories
State Intelligence Platform
John Norquist on the Mayor as Head City Designer for the Israeli Mayors Insti...Nachman Shelef
John Norquist on the Mayor as Head City Designer for the Israeli Mayors Institute founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
Zafed, June 2010
The Advantages of GTFS in Israel or Increasing Public Transport Use through O...Nachman Shelef
Increasing the use of public transport in Israel.
What needs to be done to get Google transit and 100s of other transit applications to be available in Israel?
*The GTFS transit feed specification defines a common format for public
transportation schedules and associated geographic information.
• GTFS is a lightweight specification to share data between a transit agency and
the general public or between transit agencies.
• GTFS data is shared openly and is available to all transit application developers
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Tirat-Carmel Sharet ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
This document discusses local economic development (LED) and cities. It provides a brief history of LED, noting that it has passed through three waves since the 1960s, with each wave developing a better understanding of successful programs. Currently, the focus is on quality of life, employment, environment, livability, and social inclusion through participatory and partnership approaches. It is emphasized that certain programs do not work, such as untargeted marketing or subsidies, but are still used. The document then discusses how cities are engines of economic growth due to economies of scale, agglomeration, and other natural advantages that outweigh disadvantages. It focuses on how the urban economy can be jumpstarted through these inherent strengths.
This document discusses innovation in social transition in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam related to housing for low-income earners and solid waste collection services. It provides an overview of the city and renovation process, then details research findings on two initiatives: (1) Renovation in housing has included mobilizing people's capital, changing apartment designs, developing comprehensive living spaces, and building in favorable locations. (2) Renovation in solid waste collection has involved private collectors working with local authorities and improving institutional arrangements. The research aims to identify innovative factors, interpret the basis for innovations, and propose solutions to support further development.
This presentation provides a baseline assessment of the emerging practice of Inclusive Regional Economic Growth and an economic framework for identifying key challenges and opportunities for aligning growth and inclusion; highlights innovations and issues in the emerging practice; and offers observations about how to better coordinate and scale the practice.
Promoting Local Economic Development through Strategic Planningled4lgus
This document provides an overview of a training series on promoting local economic development through strategic planning. The series includes four volumes: a quick guide, manual, toolkit, and action guide. The quick guide summarized key information for local leaders to initiate and implement local economic development interventions through a strategic planning process involving various stakeholders. The training series was developed by UN-HABITAT and EcoPlan International to help local governments, businesses, and organizations address economic challenges and opportunities in a sustainable manner.
This document discusses regional development and provides lessons that could be relevant for Latvia. It begins by discussing concepts like functional geography and administrative systems as they relate to development models. It then provides examples of various regional development tools used in other parts of the world, such as regional strategic planning systems in Poland, regional business climates in Switzerland, and regional innovation systems in Ontario. The document also discusses frameworks, leadership, and factors important for integrated regional development systems. Overall, the document analyzes experiences and best practices from other regions to identify lessons that could help strengthen Latvia's approach to regional development.
The policies of urban development and housing in India have come a long way since 1950s. The pressure of urban population and lack of housing and basic services were very much evident in the early 1950s. In some cities this was compounded by migration of people from Pakistan. However, the general perception of the policy makers was that India is pre-dominantly an agricultural and rural economy and that there are potent dangers of over urbanisation which will lead to the drain of resources from the countryside to feed the cities.
Urbanization brings both positive and negative economic impacts. Positively, it leads to industrialization which creates more job opportunities. Technology advances more rapidly in urban areas, raising standards of living. However, rapidly growing urban populations also increase costs of housing, land, transportation, and developing infrastructure. Managing urbanization's effects on the economy requires balancing these impacts.
The document discusses urbanization trends in India and concepts related to city planning. It notes that cities are growing rapidly and expanding into surrounding rural areas. Regional planning is becoming more important, with the metropolitan region defined as the city and surrounding suburbs and rural areas. Peripheral regions beyond metropolitan regions are also influenced by cities through economic and social ties. Small towns play an important role as service centers for rural hinterlands, and future planning needs to consider the relationships between cities and the regions and hinterlands they serve.
The document discusses various obstacles in housing in India. Some of the key obstacles mentioned are:
1) Pressure on land resources due to urbanization which leads to issues around land sustainability and availability.
2) Lack of adequate funding for housing development and poor infrastructure.
3) High poverty levels which exacerbate housing problems.
4) Constraints around bank credit, high land costs, and lack of involvement from the private sector which makes housing inaccessible for low and middle income groups.
The document discusses plans for creating a smart future for Japan through building intelligent nations and future city internet platforms. It proposes developing Japan into an intelligent, innovative, and sustainable country ("Smart Japan") with intelligent cities and green communities through a strategy called the "i-Japan Platform". This strategy would make Japan's regions, cities, industries, and economies smarter through technologies like intelligent ICT, ecological technologies, and knowledge management. It would promote sustainability, well-being, and quality of life through eco-friendly development, smart infrastructure, and green real estate. The goal is for Japan to become a leader in areas like renewable energy, future technologies, smart industries, and intelligent governance.
The document summarizes a presentation given at the Niger Delta Development Forum on funding and investment opportunities for infrastructure and economic diversification in the Niger Delta region. It notes that the region's population will double every 25 years and 71% will live in urban areas by 2050. It advocates developing cities in the region as "Cities of Refuge" and economic drivers, with infrastructure targeted towards urban areas. It argues that state governors have a key role to play in unlocking the region's economic potential through land reform, facilitating private sector partnerships, and establishing long-term visions.
This document discusses an initiative to develop "Emerging Diaspora Markets" (EDM) by harnessing the purchasing power of diaspora populations. It aims to foster economic linkages between developed host countries and developing countries of origin. The initiative was launched after two events highlighting opportunities in diaspora economies. It seeks to create investment funds and seed projects exploiting this opportunity. The goal is to develop EDM as a new asset class and conduit for capital flowing to lesser developed nations, capitalizing on the economic power of their citizens living abroad.
Strategies for Planning Smart Cities in IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document discusses strategies for planning smart cities in India. It outlines that as urban populations grow, cities must be planned to promote quality of life, efficiency, and sustainability. New approaches to urban planning are needed that are people-centric, flexible, and promote inclusion, equity and opportunities for all residents. Cities must also be planned compactly and vertically to reduce resource use, pollution and travel needs. Smart buildings that are energy efficient through design and technology will be important for making cities sustainable.
President's Challenge
Nation's Challenge
Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda
Smart World
Sustainable Nations,
Intelligent Countries
Smart State
Future Territories
State Intelligence Platform
John Norquist on the Mayor as Head City Designer for the Israeli Mayors Insti...Nachman Shelef
John Norquist on the Mayor as Head City Designer for the Israeli Mayors Institute founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
Zafed, June 2010
The Advantages of GTFS in Israel or Increasing Public Transport Use through O...Nachman Shelef
Increasing the use of public transport in Israel.
What needs to be done to get Google transit and 100s of other transit applications to be available in Israel?
*The GTFS transit feed specification defines a common format for public
transportation schedules and associated geographic information.
• GTFS is a lightweight specification to share data between a transit agency and
the general public or between transit agencies.
• GTFS data is shared openly and is available to all transit application developers
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Tirat-Carmel Sharet ch1 Location and Residents 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
This document discusses local economic development (LED) and cities. It provides a brief history of LED, noting that it has passed through three waves since the 1960s, with each wave developing a better understanding of successful programs. Currently, the focus is on quality of life, employment, environment, livability, and social inclusion through participatory and partnership approaches. It is emphasized that certain programs do not work, such as untargeted marketing or subsidies, but are still used. The document then discusses how cities are engines of economic growth due to economies of scale, agglomeration, and other natural advantages that outweigh disadvantages. It focuses on how the urban economy can be jumpstarted through these inherent strengths.
Complementry Currency pilot for the benifit of partner cities' residentsIr Aviv
(1) The document proposes a complementary currency called Glocal-CityZen that would be used in twin cities to expand local well-being and resources. (2) It would work by the twin cities distributing the currency to tourists and residents being able to spend it on local services, amenities, and businesses, thus promoting social and economic exchange between the cities. (3) The currency aims to benefit the municipalities, local businesses, and residents by increasing tourism, economic opportunities, and social interaction across the twin cities.
15. Mega-urban development projects in sub-Saharan Africa: what do cities gai...ACCUCT
This document discusses research on mega-urban development projects in sub-Saharan Africa. It analyzes case studies of projects like Eko Atlantic, Tatu Village, and Cite du Fleuve to understand what cities gain and lose from such large-scale undertakings. Mega-projects carry both risks and opportunities for public finance, planning, and local economic development. Their impacts depend on factors like the socioeconomic context, players involved, and infrastructure requirements. The research aims to adopt an analytical framework that considers the historical and institutional contexts in order to best understand the urban dynamics shaped by these large transformations of urban landscapes.
1. The document discusses global cities, which are urban centers that serve as hubs in the global economic system.
2. Global cities have characteristics like international financial services, multinational corporations, and influence decisions on a global level.
3. The increase in global cities is linked to the globalization of economies and the centralization of mass production within urban centers.
INTERNATIONALIZATION in terms of Physical Planning.pdfPRITI CHHATOI
Internationalization
It is prepared in the context of Urban and regional planning , city planning and the internationalization of planning as a education along with case study of different internationalization agenda. Includes the advantages and disadvantages of the same. Internationalization v/s globalization. Why different cities promote internationalization as a part of its development and its effect on local population
Strong Towns Presentation for CommunityMatters in Newport VermontCommunityMatters
The document discusses the financial challenges facing many cities and towns and proposes an alternative approach. It notes that the traditional models of growth through debt, government spending, and ever-increasing development are no longer sustainable. It advocates for building financial strength and resilience by focusing on incremental projects that generate positive returns, leveraging existing public infrastructure, and revitalizing communities through small-scale urbanism. Local leaders are urged to transform their communities by emphasizing resilience over rapid growth.
Smart Cities greatly affects Urban Planning, Architecture and Art decisions. The reverse is true as well. The right Urban Planning, Architecture and Art can become great magnets to attract Smart People. One cannot have a Smart City w/o all those key ingredients.
Spatial planning are often still differentiating strictly between urban and rural development.
This dichotomy and the resulting administrative boundaries do not reflect the realities of highly interconnected areas anymore.
The sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas, and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of socio economic problems related to metropolitan cities.
Where metropolitan-scale planning does occur, it's typically related to “hard policies” such as urban planning, public transport, and infrastructure, leaving “soft policies” such as education, health, and social services fragmented across jurisdictional boundaries.
Smart Cities: why they're not working for us yetRick Robinson
This is my January 2016 presentation to the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development as part of their preparation of a report on Smart Cities. The idea of a “Smart City” (or town, or region, or community) is 20 years old; but it has so far achieved comparatively little. The vast majority of Smart City initiatives to date are pilot projects funded by research and innovation grants: there are very, very few sustainable, repeatable solutions yet. This is partly because Smart Cities is usually discussed as a technology trend not an economic and political imperative; and so it has not won the support of the highest level of political leadership, and the widest level of community and citizen engagement. In a few cases where that level of leadership and engagement does exist, however, some cities have shown that existing policy tools and spending streams - such as procurement practises, planning frameworks and property investment - can be been used to create sustainable projects and programmes that can deliver real change.
The Growth Pole Model (GPM) focuses economic development around specific "poles" or core industries rather than assuming uniform development across all areas. These poles, known as propulsive poles, include industries like IT, automotives, and steel that have large firms innovating in fast-growing sectors. Regions with strong propulsive poles are dominant regions, while others lacking these industries are propelled regions governed by demand from dominant regions. Over time, secondary growth poles may emerge through new industrial sectors. The GPM argues development spreads both within and around these poles, benefiting the surrounding regions. However, critics argue it does not consider agricultural economies and backwash effects may dominate for years even in developed countries. The Growth Foci Model
Issues for people living in urban areas in rich countries the inner citytudorgeog
This document discusses issues facing inner cities in wealthy nations and strategies that have been implemented to address problems. It begins by outlining lesson objectives to understand inner city challenges and solutions. Key terms are defined like Urban Development Corporations and regeneration. The document then provides historical context for how inner cities developed due to industrialization and discusses resulting problems like overcrowding. Subsequent sections outline strategies used since World War II through present day, including public housing blocks, Urban Development Corporations, City Challenge initiatives, and sustainable communities. Learners are tasked with justifying which strategy they believe is most effective at addressing inner city problems.
Private Sector Contributions To International Development – McGill Executive ...Wayne Dunn
This lecture was delivered by Wayne Dunn to students and faculty at McGill University’s Executive Education Program on International Development: BRIDGING THE WORLDS OF THEORY, POLICY AND PRACTICE. The program, which was organized by McGill’s Institute for the Study of International Development, brought together 40+ mid-career professionals from around the world for an intensive program on International Development. The lecture provided:
a general overview of the private sector objectives and issues in international development including why the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility has emerged to suddenly become an important development and strategic issue
a broad overview of recent trends in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Creating Shared Values (CSV)
a framework for thinking about and understanding private sector collaboration in international development
an understanding of how/why CSR fits into international development projects and practices and provide examples of how the private sector contributes to international development and partners with International Funding Institutions.
Michael_Enright_India_and_the_world_The_India_Dialog_2024.pptxDr. Amit Kapoor
Presentation done by Michael Enright, Pierre Choueiri Family Professor in Global Business, Northeastern University on "India and the World" at #TheIndiaDialog on February 29, 2024 at Stanford University. The #TheIndiaDialog was organised by Institute for Competitiveness and US Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University.
#TheIndiaDialog looks at inviting the world’s leading experts and intellectuals in the areas of economics, business, policy, social development, science, technology, art and culture to provide their perspectives and foster an understanding of India. There would be a series of keynote addresses, panel discussions, and fireside chats during the dialog.
Mr. Tatsuya Yanagi presentation on OVOP - Yogyakarta Workshop 2014Toto Wirjosoemarto
The document discusses OVOP (One Village One Product) projects supported by JICA in various countries. It begins with an overview of OVOP in Japan and its principles of being local yet global, relying on self-help efforts through value addition, and developing human resources. Typical OVOP projects involve selecting local products, providing training and support to producer groups, and working to commercialize and market the products. An example project in Malawi is described in more detail, highlighting achievements like certain products being exported to Japan, as well as ongoing challenges. Overall, the document shares experiences of OVOP projects globally to help improve future initiatives.
02 - La Stratégie de Spécialisation Intelligente : Vecteur de Croissance des ...Mohamed Larbi BEN YOUNES
This document summarizes a presentation on strategies for smart specialization as a driver of regional growth. It discusses key global trends like the rise of global value chains and increasing innovation-related collaboration. It also covers regional considerations, noting productivity differences across regions and the importance of tradable sectors for growth. The presentation outlines two stylized models of regional economies and emphasizes that smart specialization strategies should facilitate entrepreneurial self-discovery in regions through strategic diversification and knowledge investments in activities rather than sectors.
A presentation given to the Downtown Utica Development Association on the benefits of the National Trust for Historic Preservation's Main Street approach. (Some content courtesy of NTHP. Copyright retained.)
A comparision of management system for development cooperationबि. बि. राई
The document discusses aid management systems in OECD countries. It outlines the purpose and history of the OECD, as well as trends in development policies and public opinion towards aid over time. Key points covered include shifting priorities from economic growth to poverty reduction and human needs, the importance of policy coherence and partnerships with developing countries, and monitoring public support through surveys and information dissemination. The conclusion emphasizes the need for transparency and accountability in aid spending.
TCI 2015 Winning in the Knowledge-Innovation-Creative EconomyTCI Network
This document summarizes a presentation about winning in the knowledge-innovation-creative economy. It discusses that competitiveness is important for economic success. The knowledge-innovation-creative economy generates value through intellectual property and intangible assets. Success requires traditional inputs like infrastructure, innovative people, supportive policies, finance, living/working spaces, and a supportive environment. It also requires 11 "Cs": competitiveness, comprehensiveness, complementarity, connectivity, communication, collaboration, context, constituencies, communities, cosmopolitan outlook, and concentrated effort.
26 03 cooperation and development_emanuela colomboLeNS_slide
The evolution of the concept of development
- In the 1950s-1960s, development focused on economic growth and injecting capital from developed nations.
- In the 1970s, the concept expanded to include basic needs and directing resources toward social services and goods for the poorest.
- In the 1980s, the market model became central, emphasizing private industry, trade liberalization, and structural adjustment programs.
Similar to Local Economic Development (LED) and Urbanism for the Israeli Mayors' Institute (20)
Transit Score is a metric to measure public transit accessibility. The document discusses calculating Transit Score for Israel using General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data. A 100m by 100m grid is overlaid on Israel. Transit Score is computed for each grid cell by processing GTFS data, filtering for specific areas, and normalizing grid cell scores. KML files are generated to view Transit Scores on maps in Google Earth. Higher scores indicate better transit access.
This document provides an overview of urban planning in Israel from 1948 to 2011. It discusses several key plans and policies that shaped Israel's development, including the Sharon Plan in 1952 which aimed to settle immigrants and disperse the population throughout the country. The National Outline Plan 35 from 2005 focused on strengthening cities, public transport, and regional development. Facts from 2009 show Israel's high population density and urbanization, with most people living in 220 cities and towns. The document also notes Tel Aviv's ranking as the 52nd largest metro economy in the world.
LED in the urban context for Mayors Institute - HebrewNachman Shelef
Presented to the Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal Sep 2011
Abstract: After more than 50 years of massive investment in Local Economic Development (LED) worldwide, what has been learned regarding what works and what does not? If in the past economic development was focused on employment generation, today the accepted definitions of LED are much more intricate – they define the purpose of LED as achieving “quality of life for all” and the process as a collective effort of “public, business and non-governmental sector partners“. This sober view has developed over decades of huge but mostly fruitless investments in LED worldwide, in three waves, that where kicked off by the success of the Marshal Plan.
Have the lessons of the past been learned or do we keep investing in approaches that have failed in the past? Unfortunately not, we still see; Top down efforts by central government to lead LED programs, instead of a participatory approach, including all stakeholders and sectors, led by local government. A focus on outside big business transplant, instead of support of innovation, entrepreneurship and policies focused on the success of local businesses. Attempts to jumpstart and support LED over entire regions, instead of focusing on cities as the true engines of economic growth.
Why have the leading LED practitioners worldwide focused on cities and urban economic development over the last decade? Urbanization matters - economic growth and urbanization are bi-directionally causally connected - “no country in the industrial age has ever achieved significant economic growth without urbanization.”. 1.2 billion people living in the 40 mega-metro regions worldwide produce around 70% of world output and 85% of all innovations. 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest. A resident of a mega-metro is 8 times as productive in goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations. Cities are engines of economic growth, they manufacture wealth. Why is this so?
Cities have natural economic advantages that include internal scale economies and external agglomeration economies. But poor city design can undermine these advantages and create barriers to economic development, whereas good city design can enhance these advantages. How can we leverage the natural economic advantages of cities with good city design? Compact mixed-use development that focuses on pedestrian and public transport access is key.
How does the urban economy develop? How can we jumpstart economic development, when it is missing, in Israeli cities? Viewing economic development in the context of a network of interrelated towns and cities clarifies that different types of towns and cities, within the network, require different approaches to LED. Great cities that generate more wealth than they consume require one approach for continued development. Towns and cities within the region of a great city require a second approach. Towns that are outside the region of a
Urban Economic Development Conference Call for presentations Nachman Shelef
Urban Economic Development Conference Call for presentations
Merhav – the Movement for Israeli Urbanism and the city of Ashkelon, are putting together a conference on November 2011 on Urban Economic Development – " The City as an Engine of Economic Growth". This will be the first conference in Israel to focus on Economic Development in the context of cities.
Merhav overview - The Movement for Israeli UrbanismNachman Shelef
The Movement for Israeli Urbanism
Improving affordable access to opportunities by - Creating sustainable and humane cities and communities in Israel
We, the members of the Movement for Israeli Urbanism, strive to improve the quality of urban life in Israel and actively promote the development of a sustainable and humane urban environment in Israel.
We founded MIU in order to transform the quality of urban life in Israel by applying:
People-oriented planning that prevents deterioration and atrophy of cities
Sustainable local development that enhances opportunities
Democratic urban planning processes
Local Economic Development in the urban contextNachman Shelef
Local Economic Development in the Urban Context discusses the evolution of LED thinking and strategies. Current LED views focus on (1) building economic capacity and improving the future quality of life for all, and (2) collaborative partnerships between public, business, and non-governmental sectors to create better economic growth conditions. Cities have natural economic advantages due to agglomeration effects, and good urban planning can enhance these advantages through compact, mixed-use development centered around pedestrian access. LED strategies should leverage cities' role as economic engines by focusing on urban regeneration and quality of life improvements.
Tirat-Carmel Sharet ch2 Urban Network and Accessability 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch3 Mixed Use and Populations 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Bat-Yam North Vatikim ch2 Urban Network and Accessability 18Jan2011Nachman Shelef
Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Urban renewal in France by Clemence PINEL
volunteer at Merhav - the Movement for Israeli Urbanism (www.miu.org.il)
Presented as part of the Urban Empowerment Lab that seeks to develop tools for the transformation of aging and decaying Israeli public housing complexes - built in the 1950s-1970s - into places with a high quality of life.
Movement for Israeli Urbanism ten principles for Good UrbanismNachman Shelef
Movement for Israeli Urbanism ten principles for good urbanism by Irit Solzi
www.miu.org.il
עשרה כללים לעירוניות טובה של מרחב
לראש העיר יש תפקיד משמעותי בעיצוב התפתחותה, עתידה
ויכולתה של העיר לשרת ביעילות את מטרותיהם של תושביה. המכון
לראשי ערים מציע למשתתפי הסדנא
עשרה כללים בסיסיים לתכנון עירוני אשר ימקמו את העיר שלהם
כמקום אשר טוב לחיות, לשהות ולבלות בו.
.1 רחובות לאנשים אנשים נמשכים אל העיר בשל יכולתה לשמש מאגר גדול לקשרים עם אנשים אחרים.
קשרים אלה מהווים הזדמנויות – חברתיות, עסקיות ותרבותיות. קשרים נוצרים בעיקר במרחב הציבורי
והרחוב הוא המרכיב היסודי של מרחב זה. זאת משום שבעיר טובה הרחוב משמש למעבר מקרי של בני
אדם. הנמצא ברחוב יראה אנשים סביבו ולא יידע עליהם דבר.
.2 שימושים מעורבים מבטיחים נוכחות של אנשים שונים, בזמנים שונים, למטרות שונות ברחובות העיר.
נוכחותם של אנשים רבים ושונים ברחוב ברוב שעות היממה מגבירה את הבטחון האישי. שימושים
מעורבים מאפשרים הקטנת כמות הנסיעות וצמצום התלות ברכב. לכן, יש להימנע מלחלק את העיר
לאזורים בעלי מאפיינים אחידים כגון: אזור תעשיה או קריית חינוך.
.3 עירוב אוכלוסיות הגיוון האנושי הוא חלק מעוצמתה של העיר. כל מתחם בעיר יתוכנן כך שיתאים
לכולם - דיור מגוון מאוד באופני בינוי, באדריכלות ובגודל הדירות הינו הכרחי למשיכת אוכלוסיה מגוונת.
דיור בר-השגה צריך להיות חלק אינטגרלי מכל אזור בעיר. מתחמים לאוכלוסיות הומוגניות לא מאפשרים
את מגוון ההזדמנויות ההכרחי לקיומה של עיר טובה. מתחמים הומוגניים המוקמים ביחד מזדקנים
ומתנוונים בבת אחת.
.4 נגישות מירבית רשת רציפה וצפופה של רחובות כאשר המרחק הממוצע בין צמתים הוא בין 60-150
מ' מאפשרת נגישות נוחה ומגוון של אפשרויות תנועה מנקודה לנקודה ויוצרת חשיפה גדולה יותר של
רחובות, עסקים והזדמנויות לאנשים. רשת כזאת מקטינה את הגודש ברחובות הראשיים, תורמת
לבטיחות בדרכים. בשום מקרה אל תתכנן רשת רחובות הירארכית ומרחקים גדולים בין צמתים.
.5 צפיפות ושימוש יעיל בקרקע צפיפות עירונית )מספר התושבים של העיר לחלק לשטחה( היא מרכיב
הכרחי של עירוניות טובה. מתחת לצפיפות מינימאלית לא יכולה להתקיים עיר. יש להימנע מהפיתוי של
הרחבת העיר כדי לתת מענה לביקושים למגורים ותעסוקה ולמצוא דרכים לנצל קרקע קיימת שאיננה
בשימוש יעיל בתוך העיר. צפיפות ציבורית )מספר התושבים לחלק לסה"כ השטח הציבורי( משפיעה אף
יותר על איכות המרחב הציבורי. יש לתכנן את מימדיו של כל מרחב ציבורי )רחוב או פארק( בהתאם
למספר האנשים העשויים לעבור בו במקרה.
.6 מגוון אפשרויות של תחבורה נגישות לשירותים ותעסוקה היא מר
Orli Ronen-Rotem on Sustainable Development for the Israeli Mayors InstituteNachman Shelef
Orli Ronen-Rotem on Sustainable Development for the Israeli Mayors Institute founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
in partnership with Heschel. Safed, June 2010
John Norquist on The Value of Urban ComplexityNachman Shelef
by John Norquist in Tel-Aviv for the Israeli Mayors Institute, founded by the Movement for Israeli Urbanism - www.miu.org.il
על עיצוב עירוני, וכיצד המגוון והמורכבות העירוניים הינם המפתח לקיום ציוויליזציה
The Value of Urban Complexity, John Norquist speaks about cities and design. Author of the Wealth of Cities, Norquist describes the diversity and complexity of cities and urban life as the key to civilization
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Local Economic Development (LED) and Urbanism for the Israeli Mayors' Institute
1. Local Economic Development and
Urbanism
Israeli Mayors Institute on City Renewal
June 2010
nachman@miu.org.il
www.miu.org.il
2. Nachman Shelef
• Serial high-tech and social entrepreneur. Founder or member of the
starting team of high-tech and clean-tech startups such as Nice,
NiceCom, Atrica, ConteXtream, EnStorage, My6Sense; of Benchmark
Israel a venture capital fund; and of NGOs such as IVN – Israel
Venture Network, and MIU – the Movement for Israeli Urbanism.
• Former general partner in Benchmark Capital, an international venture
capital fund that invested $490M in Israeli startups.
• Former vice-president at 3Com, a multi-national corporation, and
general manager of business units that spanned CA, MA, and Israel.
• B.Sc. Summa cum Laude in electrical and computer engineering from
the Technion.
3. Agenda
• A brief history of LED
– Summary of current thinking
• LED in the context of cities and towns
– Urban Economics
– Cities have natural economic advantages
– How does the urban economy develop?
– How can we jumpstart economic development?
4. What is LED?
• The purpose of Local Economic
Development is
– to build up the economic capacity of a local area
– to improve its economic future and
– the quality of life for all.
• It is a process by which
– public, business and non-governmental sector
partners work collectively
– to create better conditions for economic growth
and employment generation.
5. Economic Development
before the 1800s…
• …was boring!
– Production followed
Population
Production
6. The Industrial Revolution
English-speaking
Japan
northwest Europe
the rest of Europe and Europe-dominated
economies in Latin America.
the rest of Asia and Africa.
7. A Brief History of LED
Prior to WWII Post WWII
• Economic Development was • A new concept was born - Economic
focused by each nation on Development aid to other nations
developing their own economy aimed at improving quality of life
– Included trade with other without altering basic social structures
nations (conquering)
– Included investment in – Driven by multiple factors:
territories, colonies and other • The recognized need for global
nations directly or indirectly stability – to avert another WW
under the control of empires in • Political influence – the ―cold war‖
order to exploit their resources • Create bigger markets for goods and
services – globalization
– Creation of the UN, the WorldBank,
the IMF, ITO / GATT / WTO
– The Marshall Plan
– Creation of USAID
• Continued investment in own LED
8. A Brief History of LED
• Results of Marshall Plan seemed
promising
– Investment in hard infrastructure brought on
rapid economic growth in western Europe
• The recipe for LED seemed to be clear
and this brought on huge investments that
kicked off three waves of LED
• Most of these investments have been
fruitless…
9. A Brief History of LED
• Since the 1960s, LED has passed through three
broad stages or 'waves' of development.
– In each of these waves LED practitioners have
developed a better understanding of successful and
unsuccessful programs.
– Today LED is in its 'third wave'.
– Although LED has moved through each of these waves,
elements of each wave are still practiced today.
– Each of the waves had some basis in a prevailing
economic development theory
– With each wave the appreciation of the difficulty and
complexity of LED grew
10. The Three Waves of LED
1960s to 1980s to mid Late1990s
early1980s 1990s onwards
Regions / Cities and
Nations
Sectors Towns
Skills/Education,
Hard Attract Foreign
Attractive Policies
Infrastructure and Investment and
and
Manufacturing Support Local
Public/Private
Transplants Businesses
Partnerships
11. Summary of Current Thinking on LED
Goal is quality of life for all
Employment Environment Livibility Social inclusion
Participatory Growth of local
Focus on cities
approach businesses
• Including all • Promotion and • As engines of
stakeholders and support of economic
sectors innovation and development
• Led by local entrepreneurship • Urban regeneration
government (both business and as a tool
social)
• Business friendly
policies
12. Have we all learnt the lessons
of past LED attempts?
13. Which Programs Do Not Work
(But We Still Keep Using Them!)
• Unfortunately there are countless examples of failed
LED strategies and projects. These include:
– Expensive untargeted foreign direct investment marketing
campaigns
– Supply-led training programs
– Excessive reliance on grant-led investments
– Over-generous financial inducements for inward investors (not
only can this be an inefficient use of taxpayers money, it can
breed considerable resentment amongst local businesses that
may not be entitled to the same benefit).
– Business retention subsidies (where firms are paid to stay in the
area despite the fact that financial viability of the plant is at risk)
– Reliance on "low-road" techniques, e.g., cheap labor and
subsidized capital
– Government-conceived, -controlled, and -directed strategies
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/EXTLED/0,,print:Y~isCURL:Y~contentMDK:
20185187~menuPK:402643~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:341139,00.html
14. Typical Shortcuts proposed for LED
• Attract:
– Outside investment
– Outside transplants
– Outside talent
– Outside residents
• Connect:
– Under-developed regions to successful ones
… if only LED was so easy…
15. Agenda
• A brief history of LED
– Summary of current thinking
• LED in the context of cities and towns
– Urban Economics
– Cities have natural economic advantages
– How does the urban economy develop?
– How can we jumpstart economic development?
17. Cities are the biggest idea
• Cities represent the largest and the most
persistent human artifact
• Cities are the aggregation of the biggest
ideas of humans
• Urbanization matters because that is what
humans naturally tend to do
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey 17
18. Urbanization Matters
• Economic Growth and Urbanization are bi-
directionally causally connected
Economic Growth Urbanization
• ―… no country in the industrial age has
ever achieved significant economic growth
without urbanization.‖
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey 18
19. Urbanization Matters for
Economic Growth
• Why is this so?
– Economies of scale and of agglomeration
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey 19
20. The Big Picture
• The World is getting more urbanized
Half the world’s population
occupies only 1.5 percent
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu
Dey
of the world’s land area
20
21. Ginza Area in Greater Tokyo
21
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey
22. Share of World Population Residing in Urban Areas
By World Region 1950-2030
100
Israel 92%
87
85
80 80
80 77
74 73 75
73 72
66 64
61 61 61
60
Percent
54 54
51
48
42
39 39
40 37
29
25 24
20 15
17
0
World Africa Asia Europe Latin Northern Oceania
America America
and the
Caribbean
22
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey
1950 1975 2003 2030
23. Economic Activity is Spiky
• Wealth is unequally distributed
• North America, European Union
and Japan account for 75% of
the world’s wealth
• Around 1 billion have less than
2% of the world’s wealth
24. Agenda
• A brief history of LED
– Summary of current best practices
• LED in the context of cities and towns
– Urban Economics
– Cities have natural economic advantages
– How does the urban economy develop?
– How can we jumpstart economic development?
25. Cities have natural economic
advantages
• The advantages outweigh the disadvantages
– Successful cities grow to metros grow to mega-metros
• Positive relationship between size and productivity
– Doubling city size will increase productivity by 3%-10%
• Larger cities produce more innovations
– In the US, 96% of all innovations occur in metros
• Cities are engines of economic growth
– They manufacture wealth
25
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey
26. Mega Regions
• 40 mega-regions, 1.2 billion people
– Around 70% of world output
– 85% of all innovations
• 5 billion people living in 191 countries produce the rest
• A resident of a mega-region is 8 times as productive in
goods, and 24 times as productive in innovations
1955 2015
26
11 mega-metros 60 mega-metros
27. Cities are Engines of Growth
• They manufacture wealth
– Manufacturing occurs in urban areas
– Why rich countries are predominantly urban
• Urbanization makes mass production possible
– Manufacturing is related to scale economies
– Scale economies require people in terms of variety
and quantity
• As producers seek scale economies, agriculture
disperses but manufacturing clusters
• Services become even more clustered than
manufacturing
27
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey
28. Cities and Lower Costs
• Transaction Costs are lower in cities
• Infrastructure has scale economies
– Transportation, water, sewage, electricity…
– High fixed costs. Higher with sprawl!
– High aggregate demand reduces the average costs
• Education can be more efficiently produced and
consumed in cities
– Major factor in economic growth
– Scale economies are huge in education
• High fixed costs and low marginal costs
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey 28
29. Internal Scale Economies
• The cost of producing each unit of
something changes when the volume
produced increases or decreases
• Economies arise from sharing of fixed costs
29
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey
30. External Agglomeration Economies
• Localization economies
– Clustering of Firms in the same Industry
– Arise from clustering of activities near a specific
facility, such as a transport terminal, a big market
or a large university.
• Urbanization economies
– Diversity of different Industries in the same area
– Arise from common infrastructure, the diversity of
labour and market size.
30
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey
31. Economies
• Internal scale economies arise from
sharing of fixed costs by a large quantity of
outputs and are higher in heavier
industries
• External Agglomeration Economies:
– Localization economies arise from input-
sharing and competition within the industry
– Urbanization economies come from industrial
diversity that fosters innovation and exchange
of ideas and technology
31
Lecture 27 Urbanization Atanu Dey
32. The 12 Urban Economies of Scale
Type of economy of scale Example
1. Pecuniary Being able to purchase intermediate inputs at volume discounts
2. Static
Internal Falling average costs because of fixed costs of operating a plant
technological
Technological
3. Dynamic
Learning to operate a plant more efficiently over time
technological
4. ―Shopping‖ Shoppers are attracted to places where there are many sellers
Outsourcing allows both the upstream input suppliers and downstream firms to
5. ―Adam Smith‖
Static profit from productivity gains because of specialization
Localization 6. ―Marshall‖ Workers with industry-specific skills are attracted to a location where there is a
labor pooling greater concentration
7. ―Marshall-
Reductions in costs that arise from repeated and continuous production activity
Dynamic Arrow-Romer‖
over time and which spill over between firms in the same place
learning by doing
8. ―Jane Jacobs‖ The more that different things are done locally, the more opportunity there is for
innovation observing and adapting ideas from others
External or
agglomeration 9. ―Marshall‖ Workers in an industry bring innovations to firms in other industries; similar to
Static labor pooling no. 6 above, but the benefit arises from the diversity of industries in one location.
Urbanization
Similar to no. 5 above, the main difference being that the division of labor is
10. ―Adam Smith‖
made possible by the existence of many different buying industries in the same
division of labor
place
11. ―Romer‖ The larger the market, the higher the profit; the more attractive the location to
Dynamic endogenous firms, the more jobs there are; the more labor pools there, the larger the
growth market—and so on
Spreading fixed costs of infrastructure over more taxpayers; diseconomies arise
12. ―Pure‖ agglomeration
from congestion and pollution
33. Cities, it turns out, have
natural advantages
• Cities naturally offer Variety, a wide range of valued choices. They
naturally offer Convenience. In cities, there are more choices close
at hand. Discovery is another city advantage. Cities offer people
more chances to discover things they didn't know they liked, things
they didn't know they wanted to know, and people they didn't know
they could make things with (including fun and babies). And cities
naturally offer more Opportunity to their citizens in the form of
access to jobs, education and smart people.
• But here's the problem: We keep screwing it up.
• We keep undermining the city’s natural advantages. Instead of
building compact cities that magnify, amplify and intensify these city
advantages, we've blown it…
34. Agenda
• A brief history of LED
– Summary of current thinking
• LED in the context of cities and towns
– Urban Economics
– Cities have natural economic advantages
– How does the urban economy develop?
– How can we jumpstart economic development?
35. LED in the Context of Cities
from the easiest to the most difficult
LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
A Great City generates much more wealth than it consumes for mere existence.
A Great City generates enough wealth to support growth in the city as well in its surrounding region.
36. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
37. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
LED in a Great City
What makes the city the true engine of LED
• Compact and vibrant mixed population communities lead to
interaction, opportunity and innovation
• Easy access to skilled and unskilled talent
• Easy access to customers and markets
• Easy access to suppliers
• Easy access to technology and knowhow
• Easy access to credit
• Easy access to low-cost startup space and to expansion
space
• Low regulatory barriers to small business
• Lot’s of imports to replace
38. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
LED in a Great City
• What is the role of Urban Planning and Transportation in creating a
great place to live and to develop economically?
If the City provides
Mixed age Small
Density Mixed use
buildings Blocks
It can become a LED generator
39. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City The cycle of city development
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
Density
Quality Variety
Of &
Life Access
Innovation
Opportunities People &
Culture
Intensity Development
40. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
• Create a great place to live and to develop
economically
• Provide attractive and efficient access to the City
• The City will do the rest
– The Five Economic Forces Exerted by Cities on Their
Own Regions
1. City markets
2. City jobs
3. City developed technology
4. Transplanted city work
5. City generated capital
41. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
Leveraging the five forces to
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region accelerate LED in the region of a
Great City
LED in a City that is not Great
ToD in the Center of Regional Towns of a Great City
Is Beer-Sheva a Great City?
Stockholm
The Gr Stockholm Transit
Oriented Metropolis The Gr Copenhagen Transit
Oriented Metropolis
What about rail stations in
the center of the towns? The 1961 National Capital Plan Source – Prof. Danny Gatt
for Gr Washington BC
42. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City LED in a Town Outside a Great
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
City Region
• Need to become a Great City (or wait for a Great City to develop nearby)
• Leverage current thinking on LED
• Create a great place to live and to develop economically
How? • In the existing center of town
• Produce and sell something of value to a solvent market by turning
Jumpstart the
any advantage into an opportunity
economy
• Earn Imports
• Replace imports for yourself and for economically similar towns
Leverage initial through innovation and improvisation
sales to • Repeat last two steps forever
43. LED in a Great City
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a City that is not Great
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
• Need to become a Great City (or wait for a Great City to develop nearby)
• Leverage current thinking on LED
• Create a great place to live and to develop economically
How? • In a small focused area of the city (urban acupuncture)
• Produce and sell something of value to a solvent market by turning
Jumpstart the
any advantage into an opportunity
economy
• Earn Imports
• Replace imports for yourself and for economically similar cities
Leverage initial through innovation and improvisation
sales to • Repeat last two steps forever
44. LED in a Great City How to Jumpstart the cycle of city
development
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
Density
Quality Variety
Of &
Life Access Where is the
―handle‖ ?
Innovation
Opportunities People &
Culture
Intensity Development
45. Summary of Current Thinking on LED
Goal is quality of life for all
Employment Environment Livibility Social inclusion
Participatory Growth of local
Focus on cities
approach businesses
• Including all • Promotion and • As engines of
stakeholders and support of economic
sectors innovation and development
• Led by local entrepreneurship • Urban regeneration
government (both business and as a tool
social)
• Business friendly
policies
46. Local Agenda 21
• The Local Agenda 21 (LA21) Campaign promotes a
participatory, long-term, strategic planning process that
helps municipalities identify local sustainability priorities
and implement long-term action plans.
• It supports good local governance and mobilizes local
governments and their citizens to undertake such multi-
stakeholder process.
• A 2002 survey found that
– more than 6,400 local governments in
– 113 countries have become involved in LA21 activities over a
– 10-year period.
47. But, a great strategic plan…
• … in a binder on the shelf…
• Is just that -
• A great plan on the shelf!
• The questions remain the same:
– How do you advance ever closer to your vision of a
successful town, based on daily decisions and based
on existing budgets?
– How do you jump-start the cycle of city development?
48. LED in a Great City How to Jumpstart the cycle of city
development
LED in the Region of a Great City
LED in a Town Outside a Great City Region
LED in a City that is not Great
Density
Quality Variety
Of & The
Life Access
―handle‖
Innovation
Opportunities People &
Culture
Intensity Development
49. Urban Regeneration as a LED Tool
or
How to increase Density, Variety and Access
•Provide loans to accelerate
private storefront and
Use the ―charrette‖ collaborative urban
residence renewal planning tool as the basis of a LED program
•Create a great place to live for local
residents
•Create a great place to succeed for local
First stage: businesses
• Surgical urban •Leverage the true identity of the city / town
intervention plan in as seen by the local residents
the public space
•Local residents strengthen their sense of
belonging by planning their town
•Leverage existing budgets for
public building projects to
implement the plan
Third stage: •Local residents are
• Private Development
Second stage: empowered by seeing their
Construction and • Renewal of the plans adopted and
Renovation near the public space implemented
public space
50. The critical role of the MIU in
LED in Israel
Goal is quality of life for all
In order to improve the quality of living in Israel, while contributing to the global
sustainability effort, the MIU promotes qualityLivibility
Employment Environment urban living based on compact,
Social inclusion
quality and sustainable urban environments.
Participatory Growth of local
Focus on cities
approach businesses
• Charrette all
Including – • Making theand
Promotion local • Weengines of as
As view the city
collaborative and
stakeholders environment great
support of the key mechanism
economic
planning
sectors with all for the locals
innovation and that provides
development
• stakeholders
Led by local • entrepreneurship
Compact, quality • peopleregeneration
Urban the
• government
Quality in Density (both business and
and sustainable opportunities to fulfill
as a tool
Toolbox for all social)
cities provide their inherent
sectors • opportunities and
Business friendly potential
• Mayors Institute breed innovation
policies