Liver

1. liver
Duhok Polytechnic
University
Shekhan Technical
College
Department of Nursing
Academic Year 2022~2023
second Stage – 1st Semester
Prepared by:
I. Gohdar shuker
II. Muayad Nazer
III. Ahmad Abdul Qadir
IV. Ahmad Abdullah
Supervisor: Dr. Abdullah muzahim

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction to Liver.
• Anatomy of the Liver.
• The Function.
• Bilirubin.
• Detoxification.
• Gallbladder and bile.

3. INTRODACTION
The liver is a large organ in the abdomen that
performs many important bodily functions, It is also
considered a gland because it makes chemicals that the
body needs. A healthy liver is dark reddish-brown in color,
and is shaped like a wedge. Some doctors have described
the liver’s shape as that of a football that’s been flattened
on one side.

4. ANATOMY
What are the parts of the liver?
The liver has two main parts: the larger right lobe and the
smaller left lobe.
The lobes contain many blood vessels. Blood travels
through the liver. The liver filters (cleans) the blood,
removing toxins and waste that eventually leave the body
through urine and feces.
The lobes also contain thousands of lobules (small lobes).
These lobules connect with many bile ducts, tubes that
transport bile from the liver to the small intestine.

6. THE FUNCTION
The liver: is the essential organ in the body, that performs over
500 vital functions, These include removing waste products and
toxic substances from the bloodstream, and performs hundreds of
other vital functions.
--- Here are some of its most important functions:
1- Albumin Production: Albumin is a protein that keeps fluids in the
bloodstream from leaking into surrounding tissue. It also carries
hormones, vitamins, and enzymes through the body.

7. 2- Bile Production: Bile is a fluid that is critical to the digestion
and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
3- Filters Blood: All the blood leaving the stomach and
intestines passes through the liver, which removes toxins,
byproducts, and other harmful substances.
4- Regulates Amino Acids: The production of proteins depend
on amino acids. The liver makes sure amino acid levels in the
bloodstream remain healthy.
5- Regulates Blood Clotting: Blood clotting coagulants are
created using vitamin K, which can only be absorbed with the
help of bile, a fluid the liver produces.

8. 6-- Resists Infections: As part of the filtering process,
the liver also removes bacteria from the bloodstream.
7- Stores Vitamins and Minerals: The liver stores
significant amounts of vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12, as
well as iron and copper.
8- Processes Glucose: The liver removes excess glucose
(sugar) from the bloodstream and stores it as glycogen.
As needed, it can convert glycogen back into glucose.

9. DETOXIFICATION
How do I know if my liver is detoxing ?
Liver detox includes signs such as nausea, vomiting, tremors,
increased heart rate, and more. Liver detoxing is an important
step in recovery and includes the following signs :
1- Nausea
2- Vomiting
3- Headache
4- Anxiety
5- Tremors
6- Increased heart rate
7- Increase blood pressure
8- Confusion

10. What foods help repair a liver ?
■ Some of the best foods and drinks that are good for the liver
include the following :
• One 2014 review suggests that over 50 % Coffee of people in
the United States consume coffee daily.
• Consuming oatmeal is an easy way to Oatmeal.
• add fiber to the diet.
• Green tea.
• Garlic.
• Berries.
• Grapes.
• Grapefruit.

12. Gall bladder
► Gallbladder:
► Bile:
► Mechanism of bile:

13. REFRENCE
• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-
diseases/liver-anatomy-and-functions
• https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-liver
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/liver-
problems/symptoms-causes/syc-20374502