This literature review examines obesity intervention programs for college students. Many programs showed success by incorporating mandatory education on dietary and physical activity behaviors combined with incentives for participation. Effective programs utilized online or in-person courses, assigned physical activity passports, and group activities. Reviewing multiple studies showed that multi-faceted programs producing the best results by educating students and requiring changes to both diet and exercise.
Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Osun State (2)iosrjce
The study compared the dietary intake and nutritional status of the elderly attending geriatric day
care centres and those who did not in Ile-Ife and Imesi-Ile both in Ife-Ijesasenatorial district of Osun State. It
was aimed at examining the relationships between income, acute diseases and food intake on dietary intake and
nutritional status of the elderly people. A total of four hundred and eighteen elderly respondents were recruited
for the study through a snow balling sampling technique. One hundred and thirty two elderly attending geriatric
day care centres were recruited as study group and 318 who do not attend any of the centres were recruited as
control group. Data was collected by using a twenty-item questionnaire adapted from Nestle Mini Nutritional
Assessment (MNA) scale.
Findings revealed that more (9.1%) of the respondents in the study group were undernourished, and 25.9% of
the respondents in the same group were overweight. There was no significant difference in the nutritional status
of respondents from both groups (X2=2.25, p= >0.05). This study concluded that attendance of geriatric day
care centres and income conferred no added benefit on the nutritional status and dietary pattern of the elderly.
Nutritional status of Girls through Anthropometric and Dietary Assessmentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Osun State (2)iosrjce
The study compared the dietary intake and nutritional status of the elderly attending geriatric day
care centres and those who did not in Ile-Ife and Imesi-Ile both in Ife-Ijesasenatorial district of Osun State. It
was aimed at examining the relationships between income, acute diseases and food intake on dietary intake and
nutritional status of the elderly people. A total of four hundred and eighteen elderly respondents were recruited
for the study through a snow balling sampling technique. One hundred and thirty two elderly attending geriatric
day care centres were recruited as study group and 318 who do not attend any of the centres were recruited as
control group. Data was collected by using a twenty-item questionnaire adapted from Nestle Mini Nutritional
Assessment (MNA) scale.
Findings revealed that more (9.1%) of the respondents in the study group were undernourished, and 25.9% of
the respondents in the same group were overweight. There was no significant difference in the nutritional status
of respondents from both groups (X2=2.25, p= >0.05). This study concluded that attendance of geriatric day
care centres and income conferred no added benefit on the nutritional status and dietary pattern of the elderly.
Nutritional status of Girls through Anthropometric and Dietary Assessmentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Does physical-activity-and-sport-practice-lead-to-a-healthier-lifestyle-and-e...Annex Publishers
The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing rapidly and there is general consensus that good nutritional practices and physical activity should be encouraged as early as possible in life. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare the current lifestyle and dietary pattern of normal weight (NW) and overweight + obese (OW+OB) male adolescents who are physically active.
Methods: This observational and retrospective study was based on clinical records analysis of male adolescents aged 11-18 years who had undergone a medical evaluation at a Medical Sport Centre (Pavia, Italy) during 2009, and had filled in a self-administered life style questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that out of 1423 clinical records 23.0% of subjects were OW, 5.4% OB and 71.6% NW. We invited all the overweight and obese subjects to participate in the study, 308 of them (75.8%) agreed. Then we randomly enrolled an equivalent number of NW participants (n=308) in the medical evaluation at the sports center with similar characteristics as for socio-economic status, physical activity and age for a whole sample of 616 subjects. We handled them a validated lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire analysis was used to compare OW+OB and NW participants, as far as eating habits, sedentary activities and time spent in sports. All the subjects frequently skipped breakfast, did not consume fruit and vegetables daily and had a high soft drinks intake. Inverse correlations were found between weight and physical activity (p=0.01). Sedentary activities were preferred by about 25% and 66 % of the NW and OW+OB groups respectively. The percentage of smokers was similar within the two groups (14%).
Conclusions: Adolescents eating habits are incorrect, despite BMI and sports practice. Sports practice seems contributing to lower spare time physical inactivity, but does not improve eating habits. Public health interventions should focus on the reinforcement of leisure time physical activity, besides nutrition education and behavioral education programs in order to prevent obesity in the adulthood.
Does the Mediterranean diet predict longevity in the elderly? A Swedish persp...Gianluca Tognon
My paper describing the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern and longevity in 70 year-old men and women sampled in Gothenburg
Is fast food the new tobacco? This is the question we will try to answer in this essay.
Just like their name suggests, fast foods are foods that are literally prepared and then eaten within a few minutes. The notion of the ready-made food is to have a food that one can serve with ease. This is the main reason why these foods are a popular preference for many people across the world. People do not mind the dietary implications that these foods have on them and this has led to the adoption of a culture of eating on the spot. This cuts the duration that is spent preparing foods.
- See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/is-fast-food-the-new-tobacco/
Does physical-activity-and-sport-practice-lead-to-a-healthier-lifestyle-and-e...Annex Publishers
The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing rapidly and there is general consensus that good nutritional practices and physical activity should be encouraged as early as possible in life. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare the current lifestyle and dietary pattern of normal weight (NW) and overweight + obese (OW+OB) male adolescents who are physically active.
Methods: This observational and retrospective study was based on clinical records analysis of male adolescents aged 11-18 years who had undergone a medical evaluation at a Medical Sport Centre (Pavia, Italy) during 2009, and had filled in a self-administered life style questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that out of 1423 clinical records 23.0% of subjects were OW, 5.4% OB and 71.6% NW. We invited all the overweight and obese subjects to participate in the study, 308 of them (75.8%) agreed. Then we randomly enrolled an equivalent number of NW participants (n=308) in the medical evaluation at the sports center with similar characteristics as for socio-economic status, physical activity and age for a whole sample of 616 subjects. We handled them a validated lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire analysis was used to compare OW+OB and NW participants, as far as eating habits, sedentary activities and time spent in sports. All the subjects frequently skipped breakfast, did not consume fruit and vegetables daily and had a high soft drinks intake. Inverse correlations were found between weight and physical activity (p=0.01). Sedentary activities were preferred by about 25% and 66 % of the NW and OW+OB groups respectively. The percentage of smokers was similar within the two groups (14%).
Conclusions: Adolescents eating habits are incorrect, despite BMI and sports practice. Sports practice seems contributing to lower spare time physical inactivity, but does not improve eating habits. Public health interventions should focus on the reinforcement of leisure time physical activity, besides nutrition education and behavioral education programs in order to prevent obesity in the adulthood.
Does the Mediterranean diet predict longevity in the elderly? A Swedish persp...Gianluca Tognon
My paper describing the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern and longevity in 70 year-old men and women sampled in Gothenburg
Is fast food the new tobacco? This is the question we will try to answer in this essay.
Just like their name suggests, fast foods are foods that are literally prepared and then eaten within a few minutes. The notion of the ready-made food is to have a food that one can serve with ease. This is the main reason why these foods are a popular preference for many people across the world. People do not mind the dietary implications that these foods have on them and this has led to the adoption of a culture of eating on the spot. This cuts the duration that is spent preparing foods.
- See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/is-fast-food-the-new-tobacco/
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "Enterprise Challenges of Test Data" by Rex BlackTurkish Testing Board
If you are testing a simple mobile app, you may find it relatively easy to find representative test data. However, what if you are testing enterprise scale applications? In the enterprise data center, one hundred or more applications of various sizes, complexity, and criticality co-exist, operating on various data repositories, in some cases shared data repositories. In some cases, disparate data repositories hold related data, and the ability to test integration across applications that access these data sets is critical. In this keynote speech, Rex Black will talk about the challenges facing his clients as they deal with these testing problems. You’ll go away with a better understanding of the nature of the challenges, as well as ideas on how to handle them, grounded in lessons Rex has learned in over 30 years of software engineering and testing.
Automated verification is becoming increasingly important. Getting a product from idea to customer as fast as possible in a Continuous Delivery, or a Deployment pipeline is crucial in more businesses than ever before. But how do we get a product through that pipe line, with high quality? Kristian will talk about how automated verification can get you there.
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "The Story of Appium" by Dan CuellarTurkish Testing Board
When I demo’ed what is now called Appium at the Selenium Conference in 2012 I had no idea what I was doing starting an open source project. I knew little about how open source operated and worked behind the scenes. Thanks to the help of a great community and the advice of some seasoned open source contributors, Appium has quickly become the most popular open source mobile automation framework. Along the way, mistakes were made, lessons were learned, and occasionally we got things right. I’ve put together a collection of stories and lessons that I’d like to share with others to help everyone manage, contribute to, and consume open source software projects more effectively.
TestIstanbul 2016 Opening Speech: "Formula 1, Continuous Integration, Continuous Delivery and Test Data Management" by Board President Koray Yitmen.
Continuous integration primarily focuses on asserting that the code compiles successfully and passes a body of automated unit and acceptance tests. But is it enough? And what is the relationship between Continuous Delivery and Formula 1 Racing?
Testistanbul 2016 - Keynote: "Performance Testing of Big Data" by Roland LeusdenTurkish Testing Board
Agile, Continous Intergration, DevOps, Big data are not longer buzzwords but part of the day today process of everyone working in software development and delivery. To cope with applications that need to be deployed in production almost the same moment they were created, software development has changed, impacting the way of working for everyone in the team. In this talk, Roland will discuss the challenges performance testers face with Big Data applications and how Architecture, Agile, Continous Intergration and DevOps come together to create solutions.
Running Head ADULT OBESITY LITERATURE REVIEW 1ADULT OBE.docxSUBHI7
Running Head: ADULT OBESITY LITERATURE REVIEW
1
ADULT OBESITY LITERATURE REVIEW
2
Adult Obesity Literature Review
Lola Olubiyi
NRS 490
Heather Ziemianski
January 22, 2017
Introduction
Obesity is a health situation whereby the affected person(s) has fats in excessive level in the body. Some individuals are unaware of the growing incidences or number of cases related to the obesity. In the United States, there are more than 70 percent of men and 60 percent women in adult population that are overweight. The risks that are associated with obesity include the development of life-threatening diseases like heart failure, cancer, hypertension gall bladder, osteoarthritis, and the category II of diabetes (Zhao, 2013).
This paper, therefore, aims at looking at the literature review of the past studies on adult obesity. In this study, data is collected from different previous studies that have discussed adult obesity. Areas of the present research and coming research on adult obesity and its complications are also addressed in this paper.
Literature Reviews
According to the study by Goededcke and his colleague, in 7786 sampled women of ages between nineteen to ninety-five years in South Africa, the black females recorded a higher prevalent of obesity and overweight.Females of different ancestry were at 52 percent, females with the white complex at 49.2 percent while the women of Indian origin were at 42.8 percent. There was higher Body Mass Index among the women residing in the towns as compared to the women living in rural places. It was noted that the Body Mass Index increased as one age. The overall rate of obesity was higher in men (29 percent) and women (56 percent) (Goededcke, 2010).
This prevalence is higher as compared to other nations in Africa especially females because 30 percent of women in South Africa of age 30 to 59 have cases of obesity. North Africa also has a higher prevalence of obesity as South Africa
.
In his cross sectional study using 1430 rural and urban individuals from Luo, Maasai, and Kamba females of ages 17 to 68 years, Christensen and his colleagues found out that there was an increase in the inside and under skin fats, fat in the area of the arms and the waist circumference as one gets older. This was common among the Maasai females as well as in individuals in the urban areas. The incidence of the overweight BMI (≥ 25) and obesity BMI (≥ 30) was greater among people dwelling in town as compared to those in villages. The rate of the overweight was at 39.8 and 15.8 percent of the city and community areas respectively. Residents from cities recorded a higher rate of abdominal viscera and under skin fat thickness. High prevalence of overweight was due to the accumulation of fats among the Maasai (Christensen, 2011).
Report from the World Health Organization indicates that China, Asia, Indonesia, Japan, as well as Bangladesh have higher obesity prevalence. The pathological obesity in India is at five
percent of ...
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 5.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 5
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
P-I-C-O-T Statement
P- Patients who suffer from obesity (BMI of more than 30)
I- Undertaking nutritional education, diet, and exercise
C- Comparison to nutritional education, endoscopic bariatric surgical intervention
O- Improved health outcomes in terms of overall weight
T - A year’s time limit
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity poses serious health problems in the US as the number of overweight and obese population increases at a rapid pace every year. The effects of this problem have arrested the attention of policymakers, societal members, and government agencies. This has resulted in ranking childhood obesity as a national health concern. The adverse impacts of this disease go beyond the health realms to include economic burden on both personal and national budgets. While there are numerous risk factors and various evidence-based interventions to address this challenge, no single approach is consistently efficacious in curbing the disease. Consequently, it is imperative that efficacious initiatives and policies be developed to address the never-ending problem of childhood obesity. Multidisciplinary approaches are often broad and cut across all dimensions of personal health problems. Instead of placing emphasis solely on biomedical models, health care professionals should also seek to promote behavior change among obesity patients and their family members. A PICOT statement can be utilized as an effective tool to seek interventions of addressing childhood obesity.
PICOT Statement
Population
In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative ...
Aene project a medium city public students obesity studyCIRINEU COSTA
Identifying undernutrition and obesity on students and propose public policies of health are urgent issues. This paper presents a study with weight and stature from students collected by physical education teachers (PEF) in schools of a city near São Paulo. The PEF collected the data and they were inserted in a program especially developed for each school Department (AENE Project). The datas were analyzed by software and evaluation done based on a World Health Organization (WHO_2007) table, that develops health programs worldwide. The results evaluations were used to raise the students and family, teachers and responsibles for treatment search (when required).
Running header THE MENACE OF OBESTIY1The Me.docxanhlodge
Running header: THE MENACE OF OBESTIY 1
The Menace of Obesity
Rodney Martinez
Columbia Southern University
The menace of obesity: Stern & Kazaks (2009) defined obesity as a health condition that is associated with excess body fat that is gained by environmental and genetic factors that are difficult to control during dieting. Obesity is classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or above. BMI is a tool that measures obesity in an individual. The personal or community effects of obesity will be discussed. It will include a discussion on one factor that contributes to childhood or adult obesity and two prevention measures that relate to the selected factor. Finally, a discussion on one sociological theory that relates to the selected contributing factor to obesity will be given to provide a better understanding on what we as Americans define being obesity.
Effects of Obesity
The cost of obesity is known to go beyond those pertaining to personal health, including heart diseases, type II diabetes’ and bone and joint disease. Obesity has a lifelong financial impact on the individual, family members and the community at large, because of the medical bills to treat diseases. Kopelman (2010) stated that this worsens the situations since this individual is less productive financially due to the health condition and thus leaving the burden to family members and the community. According to a recent report from the Department of Health Policy at George Washington University's School of Public Health and Health Services, the tangible annual health- and work-related costs of obesity for a woman amount to $4,789 more than a woman of average weight would pay. For an obese man, those added costs are $2,646 annually.
One of the main contributing factors to childhood or adult obesity is a lifestyle. Eckel (2003) argued that overeating with in a combination with a sedentary lifestyle has been known to contribute to obesity. If you take foods in which a high percentage of calories come from high-fat, refined and sugary foods that will easily make you gain weight and high chances of being obese if you continue with that diet for long without counteracting practices. As more American families consume diets on the go and more people looking for low-cost foods, more people will reach high-calorie and fatty foods and beverages such as fast food.
Preventive Measures of Obesity
One of the preventive measures that can be taken to avoid obesity is changing behaviors which will affect these lifestyle choices. Choosing whole grains such as whole bread and brown rice rather than white rice and while bread. These foods are richer in fiber and nutrients and thus the body absorb them more slowly and therefore will not cause a rapid spike in insulin. Eating less fatty foods will also reduce excess calories in the bath. (Waters, E. 2010) stated that another preventive measure that is recommended is exercising every day, this will help in burning exce.
Peer-Reviewed Highlights From Obesity Among Children and.docxdanhaley45372
Peer-Reviewed
Highlights From
Obesity Among Children and
Adolescents in America
Written by Phil Vinall
According to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), overweight
or obese preschoolers are five times as likely to become overweight or obese adults as their
normal weight peers [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013].
Additionally, high cholesterol, high blood sugar, asthma, and mental health problems are linked
to obesity in older children and adolescents.
Although small decreases in the prevalence of obesity were observed among low-income
preschool children in certain parts of the United States and its territories between 2008 and 2011,
the rate of obesity remains high with ~1 of 8 children aged 2 to 5 years having an age- and sex-
specific body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile, according to the 2000 CDC growth charts (Figure
1) [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013]. The study included
data for ~11.6 million low-income children aged 2 to 4 years who were participants in federally
funded child health and nutrition programs.
Figure 1. Changes in Obesity Prevalence: 2008 to 2011
DC=Washington, DC; PR=Puerto Rico; V I=Virgin Islands.
Source: Morbidit y and Mortalit y Week ly Report 2013.
Using a subset of the CDC data, Pan and colleagues [Pediatrics 2013] reported an overall
incidence of childhood obesity of 11.0% but with several important differences among population
subgroups. Obesity was more common among boys versus girls and among children aged 0 to 11
months in 2008 versus older children. The risk of obesity was 35% higher among Hispanics and 49%
Figure 1. Changes in Obesity Prevalence: 2008 to 2011
Increase
No change
Decrease
Not included
DC
PR
VI
S E L E C T E D U P D A T E S O N O B E S I T Y
21Official Peer-Reviewed Highlights From the American Society for Nutrition 2013
ASN2013.indd 21 10/20/2014 3:00:55 PM
higher among American Indians/Alaska Natives compared
with non-Hispanic whites, but among non-Hispanic
African Americans, it was 8% lower. Of the children who
were obese at baseline, 36.5% remained obese at follow-
up while 63.5% were nonobese. Obesity remission was
proportionally significantly lower among Hispanics and
American Indians/Alaska Natives compared with other
racial/ethnic groups.
American society is characterized by environments that
promote poor eating habits and physical inactivity. William
H. Dietz, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, discussed intervention
strategies to address some of these issues.
Beyond the effects of poverty, pregnancy and postnatal
influences have an important influence on childhood
obesity. These include maternal weight prior to pregnancy
and the amount of weight gained during pregnancy,
breastfeeding duration, the child’s overall feeding
experience and sleep patterns, as well as media exposure to
f.
Running head PICOT STATEMENT 1PICOT STATEMENT 3PICOT .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT 1
PICOT STATEMENT 3
PICOT Statement: Childhood Obesity
Introduction
Childhood obesity is one of the emerging health problems that affect the American population. This disorder places children at a higher risk of suffering from preventable non-communicable chronic diseases, such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and asthma (McGrath, 2017). Other challenges that affect children as a result of this disease include depression and sleep apnea. Obese children are often predisposed to become obese adults who suffer from many chronic diseases related to increased mortality rate of 40 percent. Obese children and adolescents tend to have more adverse health challenges compared to the counterparts with normal BMI. The task of addressing the chronic conditions related to childhood obesity is normally costly, with approximately $14 billion price tag and increasing (McGrath, 2017). Survey reports released by government agencies such as the National Conference of State Legislature, the total cost of obesity-associated nears $150 billion yearly, with taxpayers covering approximately sixty billion dollars. There is need to identify patterns that related to childhood obesity for professionals to seek better ways to address them. This PICOT statement evaluates childhood obesity in the United States.
PICOT Statement
Population
Childhood obesity is a major health concern in the United States and other parts of the world since the disease is increasing. In the US, obesity prevalence is highest among children aged from 6 to 11 years (Cheung et al. 2016). The disease has tripled among this age group from 4.2 percent to 15.3 percent from 1963 to 2012. In 2013, 16 percent of children in the country were categorized as obese. The prevalence was highest at ages of 12 to 19 years and lowest at ages of 2 to 5 years. In the last three decades, increased cases of obesity prevalence have been noted among children of all ages, although the differences in obesity prevalence have been recorded in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender (Cheung et al. 2016). In this respect, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and some racial and ethnic minorities experience the higher median score on obesity than the dominant white population. Higher obesity rates are often recorded among blacks and Hispanics compared to whites. For instance, a survey on girls in the Southwest revealed that the yearly cases of obesity stood at 4.5 percent among Blacks, 2 percent among Hispanics, and 0.7 percent among white girls aged from 13 to 17 years (Cheung et al. 2016). For low-income earners, American Indians rank highest at 6.3 percent, followed closely by Hispanics at 5.5 percent.
Intervention
Evidence-based interventions that seek to reduce childhood obesity incidences in the country should target two major areas: prevention and treatment. High-quality RCT has been proven as one of the most effective preventative intervention, especially ...
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxtodd581
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain .
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxglendar3
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain .
Running Head Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 1
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health 19
Obesity, Healthy Diet and Health
PUH 6301 Public Health Research
Abstract
Having a good nutrition habit, healthy body weight, and physical activities are essential aspects of good health and wellness. The combination of all three factors is critical in reducing the chances of getting severe health complications such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, cancer, stroke, and heart complications. Managing a good health condition also relies on how one adhere to regular physical exercises, a well-maintained body weight, and a healthy diet. However, according to (Healthy People 2020), most Americans don't check their menu and are lazy in taking apart in physical activities to the required levels as a way of maintaining proper health.
According to CDCP (2013), fruit consumption among adults is 1.1 times in a day, and the use of vegetables on a daily scale is 1.6, with adolescents recording the lowest use of both fruits and vegetables. The statistic shows that the average daily consumption of both fruits and vegetables among Americans doesn't meet the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables. About 81.6% and 81.8% of American adults and adolescents respectively don't take part in physical activities on a recommended daily scale. These behaviors are among the leading factors that contribute to the rising cases of Obesity. Approximately 1 out of 3 US adults, which represents 34 % and 1 out of 6 adolescents and children, which is 16.2 %, are obese.
Obesity-related complications include stroke, heart disease, and type two diabetes. The current in death cases is as a result of the obesity-related complications. Besides the death cases, obesity-related diseases cots this country millions of money annually, making it one of the most significant burdens that this country is struggling with regards to the health care system.
Introduction
Maintaining a healthy diet is an essential factor that determines how healthy our bodies become. We must retain less sugar, salt, and fats diet daily. Cases associated with obesity are not causing deaths but also taking so much of this country's financial resources. Every year both the federal, state, and county governments invest million into the health sector as a way of improving the infrastructures required to deal with obesity-related complications. Any healthy combines a variety of foods such as cereals, legumes, proteins, fruits, and vegetables. Research shows that obesity is gradually grown into a global crisis with WHO initiating campaigns aimed at establishing the importance of maintaining a healthy diet (Abidin, 2014).
The love for foods prepared away from homes is another challenging factor in dealing with obesity complications. Fast foods contain ...
Role of Daily life style and Medication in Prevention and treatment of obesityPriyankaKilaniya
The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for enhanced intervention strategies to tackle this significant public health issue. Increases in energy expenditure through exercise and other physical activity may be a crucial component of effective interventions to enhance initial weight loss and prevent weight regain. achieve these outcomes, it is recommended to engage in appropriate levels of exercise and physical activity, with 60 to 90 minutes per day being the recommended duration. Epidemiological surveys in England reveal that obesity is prevalent, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 kg/m2. This study is the first to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, based on weight, height, and waist circumference measurements. Diet, smoking, and physical activity are significant lifestyle factors that can significantly impact body weight and fat accumulation. The PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain, assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk. A study assessed 7,000 high-cardiovascular risk subjects, determining a healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) based on Mediterranean diet adherence, moderate alcohol consumption, daily physical activity of 200kcal/day, and non-smoking.
Role of Daily life style and Medication in Prevention and treatment of obesity
Literature Review Final
1. Andrew Pescovitz, Kent Ford
Christine Delong, Cameron Potter, Gabby Bertone
KNH 213
Dr. Miller
29 September 2015
Literature Review
2. ABSTRACT
As we move furtherintothe 21st century,thiscountryfacesa new epidemicinwhichwe need toact
uponimmediatelyinordertobetterthe healthof ourselves,ourchildren,andournationas a whole.
Obesityhasnowbecome one of the majorcontributorsto chronicdiseasessuchasheartdisease,type 2
diabetes,asthma,osteoarthritis,andevencertaincancers(The OhioObesityPreventionPlan,
2009).ObesityisdefinedasanindividualhavingaBMI or bodymass index of 30 or higher.InAmericaas
a whole,overone thirdof the adultpopulationisobese whichamountstoclose to78.6 million
Americanswhoare classifiedasobese (Ogdenetal.,2014). These currentstatisticsare alarmingand
seemtobe ona steadyrise ratherthanthe desireddecline.InOhioalone,over65% of adultsare now
classifiedasoverweightwhichisaBMI of 25 or greater andover29% are classifiedasobese (Scottetal.,
2010). As we narrowdownour demographicevenfurthertoencompassthe ButlerCountyareaof Ohio,
the statisticsare justas alarming.InonlyButlerCounty,over25% of all adultsare now classifiedas
obese andclose to 34% are classifiedasoverweight(HealthyOhioCommunityProfiles,2008).Thisnew
epidemicisbecomingmore concerningeverydayasthe cost of healthcare risesandthe healthof our
nationand ourstatessuffer.The estimatedannual medical costsforobesityforthe U.S.wasalmost
147$ Billiondollarsasof 2008 and an individualwhowasobese canexpecttopayclose to 2,000$ more
annuallythanan average person(Ogdenetal.,2014). These coststo our walletsaswell asourhealth
are alarmingandwill onlygetlargerif we donot act uponthisissue asquicklyaspossible.Withthe cost
of treatmentof obesitysohighforan individual,preventionisthe onlyoptiontocombatthe rise of this
newepidemicandturnthe healthof our county,state,and nationas a whole around.One areaof focus
interms of preventionthatisusuallyoverlookedisstudentsincollege.Theseyoungadultsare ata
critical time intheirliveswhere theyare learningtolive ontheirownanddeveloptheirownlifestylesso
a preventionprogramthatcentersoncollege studentshasthe possibilitytohave faroutreachingeffects
on the obesityratesof adultsas a whole.Recentresearchsuggeststhatbetweenafourthanda thirdof
all college studentsare obese (Furiaetal.,2009). Thisis a populationthathassignificantimportancein
termsof contributiontowardsthe obesityepidemicof adultsinthiscountrywhichiswhywe feel that
our program focusoncollege studentswill be animportantaspectof our effortsasa nationto battle the
rise inobesity.
FACTORSCONTRIBUTINGTO OBESITY IN BUTLER COUNTY
It isbecomingevenmore prevalentrecentlythatdietarybehaviorsandalack of physical activityare
leadingcontributorstothe obesityproblemthe state isfacing.In2010, only29% of adultsreported
consumingthe recommendedamountof servingsof fruitperdayandonly24% of adultsreported
consumingvegetablesatthe recommendedlevelof 3 or more timesperday(Scott etal.,2010). Physical
activityisalsobecominganissue foradultsto meetthe recommendedamountof time perweekof
moderate andvigorousphysical activity.Asof 2010, only43% of adultsinOhioreportedhaving
achievedthe recommendedamountof either300 minutesof moderate physical activityor150 minutes
of vigorousactivityora combinationof both(Scottetal.,2010). With the prevalence of fastfoodsand
quick,cheapprocessedfoodsinoursocietytoday,aswell asthe growinguse of cars, elevators,and
3. sedentaryjobs continue tomake itdifficultforadultstoleada healthyandactive lifestyle,awell
thoughtout andstructuredpreventionplanisnecessarytocounteractthese barriersthatwe face.This
program mustnot onlyaddressthe sedentarynature of ourdaily lifestylesinthesetimes,butalso
addressthe variousdietarybehaviorsthatmanyAmericanshave adopteddue tothe nature of our
lifestyles.Eatingahealthydietandhavinganactive lifestyle canbe difficultformanyadultsandeven
more so withcollege students.The demandforacademicperformance,pressuresfromfriendsto
participate inunhealthybehaviorsandthe costof foodcan be major barriersto mostcollege students
attemptingtoadopthealthybehaviorsthatwill stickwiththemforthe rest of theirlives.
OBESITY CENTERED INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
Many differentprogramshave beenusedtotryand measure the effectsof anobesityinterventionon
the population.Some of these programshave hadsuccessandsome of themhave not.Howeverin
orderto come upwitha frameworkfora superiorprogramthat can be successful,we mustreviewthese
past programsand pull outuseful informationtoproperlystructure ourprogram.There are a few key
aspectsto pointoutthat a handful of particularstudies didtoincorporate dietaryandphysical activity
programsfor college students.Some of the programsdiscusswaystocounteractthe “Freshman15” and
specificallydiscussalcohol consumptioninundergraduate students.Othersfocusonspecificdietary
habitsof college studentssuchassnacking,fasting,andgrazing.Recentresearchsuggeststhat“formost
people wantingtopreventprogressive weightgain,certaindietarybehaviorsneedtobe addressedfirst”
(Avery,2012). Othersuccessful aspectsof recentstudiesuse physical activityrequirementstointroduce
behaviorchange incollege students.A studywasperformedtoevaluatethe efficacyof assigningaPAP
or physical activitypassporttostudentstosee if thismotivatedthemtoexercise outside of class.The
PAPwas alsoincorporatedintothe curriculumof the studentsandwasevaluatedatthe endof the
semesterandaffectedthe student’sfinal grades.The studyfoundthatthose whoparticipatedinthe
PAPattendedfourtimesasmanyfitnessclassesthanthose whodidnot(McDaniel etal.,2014).
Anotherimportantstudyattemptedtoutilize onlinecoursesforstudentstoeducate themondietary
and physical activitybehaviors.The college made the classmandatoryforeverymajoratthe college and
the class mettwice a weekfor8 weeks.The goal wasto educate as manystudentsastheycouldby
implementingthe mandatoryonline course andthe classdesignersfeltthat“itisgenerallyaccepted
that the besttime to interveneinone’slife isduringchildhoodorearlyadulthood”(McFarlen,Jackson,
2008.) Anotherstudythatusedinternetbasedcourseshadgoodsuccesswithstudentsintermsof
dietarybehaviors.Eachstudentwhowasenrolledinthe course wasrequiredtoparticipate inthe study
for 12 weeksandthe studywascomparedto an on campuscourse that was offeredtostudentsatthe
same time.The resultsof the studyshowedthatthe online course wasmore effective thanthe on
campuscourse indietarybehaviorchange (LaChausse,2012.) The online course costsverylittle andwith
the prevalence of onlineactivityforstudentsatthistime,the online course provedtobe more effective
at behaviorchange andcost effectiveness.Howeverthe studydidfindthatthe course made little tono
change in physical activityinthe students.Anotherinterestingstudydone wasfocusedonmobile
approachesto weightlossinstudents.The researchersdevelopedaSMART programwhichstandsfor
Social Mobile ApproachestoReduce Weight.Thisprogramwasdesignedtotargetspecificbehaviors
that may increase the likelihoodof weightlossincollege students.The studywasdone over2years with
4. studentsparticipating5timesperweek.The resultsshowedthatthe variable thatthe researcherswere
able to improve uponthe mostwasself- monitoringof weightthroughthe mobile program
(Kolodziejczyketal.,2014). Anotherimportantpartof college life isthe dininghall.One particularstudy
attemptedtoaddressthe issue of portionsizesinthe dininghall ata college.The article analyzes
studentschosenportionsizesfordifferentfoodgroupsversustheirrecommendedportionsizes
accordingto theirBMI. Some interestingfindingof the studyshowedthatstudentschose significantly
largerportionsof highcarbohydrate foodsthanthat of higherfat foodsandthat the selectedportion
sizescouldbe predictedbasedonthe individualscurrentBMI(Burgeretal., 2007). Thisisimportant
because whenstudentsgotothe dininghall theyare givenfree reinonhow muchfoodtheywouldlike
to eat as opposedtoorderingspecificportionsatarestaurantor evencookingfoodforthemselves.
Anotherimportantstudyinvolvingcollege studentswasdone inaHispaniccollege sample.The study
was designedtoevaluatethe effectof educationandphysical activitycourse focusedoncollege
studentsof a Hispanicbackground.The studyfoundthatthe studentsdietarybehaviorspriortotaking
the courseswere quite poorcomparedtonational recommendationsbutthe coursesdidhave an
impacton the studentswhichdidreportpositive weightlossinthe students(D,2011). Another
interestingstudythatwasdone recentlywasone thatfocusedonincorporatinga wellnessandwalking
program instudents,faculty,andstaff of a college campus.The studydevelopedwellnesscoursesfor
the students,faculty,andstaff toattendas well asvariouswaysto incorporate more walkingintothe
participantslives.The studyhadgoodsuccesswithitsprogramwithalmosteveryparticipanthaving
measurable weightlossaswell asanincreasedknowledge of healthydietarybehaviorsfollowingthe
study(Haines,2010). The importance of group activityandteachingisclearas a keyto successin most
of these studies.People tendtohave more success inweightlossprogramsthatinvolveotherpeople or
are performedonacommunitylevel.One studythatwasnot focusesoncollege studentsbutuseda
communitybasedapproachtowardsyoungadultsof an AfricanAmericancommunityshowedgreat
promise.The studywasdone overa 12 weekperiodwithvariousclassesandphysical activityeventsfor
the adultsto participate in.The participant’sweightwasmonitoredthroughoutthe studyandatthe end
of the twelve weekprogram,the participantswereweighedone final time,andgivenasurveyof
questionstodetermine whethertheyhadtrulylearnedanythingfromthe program.90% of the
participantswere reportedtohave lostsignificantweightandthe surveysgivenatthe endof the
program showedthatthe individualshadinfactretainedthe knowledgetheywere taughtinregardsto
a healthylifestyleforthe future (Treadwell,2010).Finally,in2014, a groupof researchersattemptedto
compile datafromnumerousdifferentweightlossstudiestodeterminewhich of the aspectsof the
programswere mosteffective atproducingmeasurable weightlossresultsinparticipants.The review
foundthat the programsthat not onlyincorporatedmandatoryeducationclassesaswell asoffered
incentive forparticipationinphysicalactivityhadthe mostprofoundeffectonthe participant'sweight
lossresults(Peirson,2014).
CONCLUSION
Afterreviewingthe literature,itbecomesmore andmore apparentthatdesigningan
interventionprogramthathasa multifacetedapproachencompassingdietarybehavioreducation,as
well asphysical activityeducationproduceseffectiveresultsinreducingweightinindividualswhoare
5. overweightorobese.Aswe move furtherintothe future asa nationthe epidemicof obesitywillnotjust
go awaywithtime.Thisisa serioushealthissuethatisplaguingournationthatneedstobe addressed
as soonas possible forusto have a chance to defeatitonce andfor all.Earlyadulthoodisan extremely
challengingtime formostpeople introducingvariousnew life challengestoyoungadultsthatalready
have enoughontheirplate.Itis time thatwe make the challenge of creatinghealthybehaviorsthatlast
a lifetimejustasimportantasgettingyourdegree,orgettingthatdreamjob. Obesityisa serious
probleminthiscountryand teachingyoungcollege studentsthe necessaryknowledgetopreventthis
epidemicwill be keyinourfightasa nationtoendobesity.We feel thataprogram designedaround
interactive dietaryeducationcoursesandgroupphysical activityclasseswill have aprofoundeffecton
ButlerCountycollege studentsthatcannot onlylasta lifetime forthem, butforthe future studentsof
our nationas well.
6. REFERENCES
Avery,A.(2012). Managing ObesityinYoungAdults.PracticingNursing.23(6),291-294.
Burger,K.,Kern,M., & Coleman,K.(2007). Characteristicsof self-selectedportionsize inyoungadults.
Journal of the AmericanDieteticAssociation,107(4),611-618.
D, H. (2011, December1).Multiple HealthBehaviors:Patternsandcorrelatesof dietandexercise ina
Hispaniccollege sample.
Furia,A.,Lee,R., Strother,M.,&Huang, T. (2009). College students’motivationtoachieve andmaintain
a healthyweight.AmericanJournal of HealthBehavior,33(3),256-263.
Gokee LaRose,J.,Gorin,A.,Clarke,M., & Wing,R. (2011). Beliefsaboutweightgainamongyoungadults:
potential challengestoprevention.Obesity(SilverSpringM.D.),19(9),1901-1904.
Haines,D.(2010) A pilotinterventionto promote walkingandwellnessandimprove the healthof
college faculty,students,andstaff.
Kolodziejczyk,J.K.,Norman,G.J., Rock,C. L., ArredondoE.M., Madanat H., Roesch,S.C.,& Patrick,K.
(2014). Strategiesthatpredictweightlossamongoverweight/obeseyoungadults.AmericanJournal of
HealthBehavior,38(6),871-880.
LaChausse,R.G. (2012). My StudentBody:Effectsof aninternet-basedpreventionprogramtodecrease
obesityamongcollege students.Journal of AmericanCollege Health,60(4), 324-330.
McDaniel,T.,Melton,B. F.,& Langdon,J.(2014). Promotingphysical activitythroughstudentlife and
academics.HealthEducationJournal,73(2),237-244.
McFarlin,B., & Jackson,A.(2008) Developmentof anonline university-basedphysical activityand
obesityeducationprogram.DiabetesEducator,34(5),766-772-4 passim.
Ogden,L. C.,Carroll,M., Kit,B.,& Flegal,K.(2014). Prevalence of ChildhoodandAdultsObesityinthe
UnitedStates,2011-2012. Journal of AmericanMedical Association,311(8),806-814.
Peirson,L.(2014). Preventionof overweightandobesityinadultpopulation:A systemicreview.
CanadianMedical AssociationJournal.
The OhioObesityPreventionPlan.(2009)
Scott,K. (2010). OhioState Nutrition,Physical Activity,andObesityProfile.
Treadwell,H.(2010, September1.) AddressingObesityanddiabetesamongAfricanAmericanmen:
Examinationof acommunitybasedmodel of prevention.