Germanic literature (Rahmatullah Katawazai)
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This document provides an overview of German literature and some of its major authors. It discusses how the Lutheran Reformation in the 16th century marked the beginning of German literature and the standardization of the German language. It then summarizes the influences of Protestant states and the Thirty Years War on German philosophy and literature. Finally, it briefly introduces three influential German authors: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Franz Kafka, and Hermann Hesse.
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German literature
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Scandinavian
Scandinavian literature consists of writings in the North Germanic languages of Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark and the Faeroe Islands. The geography of Scandinavia influenced its literature, with Norway and Sweden located on the Scandinavian peninsula and Denmark located on a separate peninsula. After Christianity was introduced around 1000 AD, Latin began to replace runic alphabets and a rich tradition of medieval literature in Latin and the various Scandinavian languages developed. Major authors and periods of national literature emerged in each Scandinavian country from the 19th century onward.
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Germanic literature (Rahmatullah Katawazai)
- 1. MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION KANDAHAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH World Literature Germanic Literature Instructor: Teaching Assistant Rahmatullah Katawazai6/1/2020 1
- 2. German Literature: The Lutheranism and the beginning of the Germanic literature in 16th C. The old Germanic language is called Gothic and the literature written in that time had been also called Gothic literature. The Reformation of the early 16th C. marks the beginning of German literature.
- 3. This not only marks the beginning of the literature, but the linguistic changes as well, which brought into existence the modern form of the German language, and on the invention of moveable-type printing, which made it desirable, and feasible, to have a standard written language for the whole area across which German books might circulate.
- 4. Protestant princely states exercised a profound influence on German literature and philosophy because of a individuality in Germany’s political and economic development. Germany’s devastating religious civil war, the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648, closed their chance. Martin Luther King (1483–1546), the son of a miner, who first trained as a lawyer and then became involved in church and saw all the things by himself.
- 5. Luther’s teaching that God gave His heavenly rewards as a free gift in response to faith alone took to an extreme the mystics’ dissociation of personal identity from the world of work. His Ninety-Five Theses (95) (1517) against the papal practice of selling ‘indulgences’ – remission of the temporal punishment due to sin – were a passionate defense of the improbable belief (still dominant today) that the soul is independent of the economic process. His forceful yet divided personality marked all that he wrote, his pamphlets, lessons, religious instruction, a handful of enormously influential hymns, and his translation of the Bible (1522–34), which made him into one of the founders of the modern German language.
- 6. The Authors of the German Language
- 7. Johan Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) Was born in Frankfurt in 1749. his father was an official of the government and his mother was a mayor of the Frankfurt. In his childhood, was interested in theatre and in his youth he spent much of the time writing and arranging plays. One of the greatest literary figure in German literature. His in-depth thought and beauty of poetry are recognized throughout the world. He not only worked in poetry, but in novel, and drama as well. Within that, he wrote ballads, scientific articles, literary criticism and autobiography.
- 8. His greatest work is Faust poetic drama. Whenever the Diwan of Hafiz translated into German, so Goethe read that. When he read the Diwan of Hfiz, really impressed him and stood against the theory of Rudyard Kipling’s view (1865-1936) “East is east and West is west, and never the twain shall meet.”
- 9. Franz Kafka (1883-1924) A famous author wrote novels and short stories. The most famous in them are Metamorphoses, Trail, The Great wall of China (The collection of short stories) and the Castel.
- 10. Hermann Hesse (1877-1962) Another famous author of German literature. His novels and poems express his interest in eastern spiritual values.
- 11. ?