The document summarizes key sources related to the impacts and effects of the Affordable Care Act across two disciplines: medicine and economics. For medicine, sources discuss how the ACA's regulations have caused physicians to leave independent practice for hospitals to avoid accountability under new organizations like ACOs. In economics, sources estimate the ACA could reduce the federal deficit by insuring 34 million more people, but that costs are hard to predict and small businesses may struggle with higher premiums. Overall, the resources present different views on the ACA's actual and projected impacts on health care and the economy.
In the coming years the United States will find themselves going through a number of changes within the Social Security Administration which will affect the Health Care Industry as we know it “Hospital size has long been an area of discussion and debate in the U.S. healthcare industry. Questions have consistently focused on cost management or efficiency in large versus small hospitals. A persistent question among researchers is whether efficiencies are associated with larger facilities through economies of scale, or if there are alternate scenarios that play a significant part in hospital cost and efficiency” (2009, JHM). Since the Affordable Health Care Act was established it made obtaining health care much more affordable and accessible, but at the same time there has to be some cut back.
April 28, 2017
Transparency is a relatively new concept to the world of health and health care, considering that just a few short decades ago we were still in the throes of a “doctor-knows-best” model. Today, however, transparency is found on almost every short list of solutions to a variety of health policy problems, ranging from conflicts of interest to rising drug costs to promoting efficient use of health care resources, and more. Doctors are now expected to be transparent about patient diagnoses and treatment options, hospitals are expected to be transparent about error rates, insurers about policy limitations, companies about prices, researchers about data, and policymakers about priorities and rationales for health policy intervention. But a number of important legal and ethical questions remain. For example, what exactly does transparency mean in the context of health, who has a responsibility to be transparent and to whom, what legal mechanisms are there to promote transparency, and what legal protections are needed for things like privacy, intellectual property, and the like? More specifically, when can transparency improve health and health care, and when is it likely to be nothing more than platitude?
This conference aimed to: (1) identify the various thematic roles transparency has been called on to play in American health policy, and why it has emerged in these spaces; (2) understand when, where, how, and why transparency may be a useful policy tool in relation to health and health care, what it can realistically be expected to achieve, and when it is unlikely to be successful, including limits on how patients and consumers utilize information even when we have transparency; (3) assess the legal and ethical issues raised by transparency in health and health care, including obstacles and opportunities; (4) learn from comparative examples of transparency, both in other sectors and outside the United States. In sum, we hope to reach better understandings of this health policy buzzword so that transparency can be utilized as a solution to pressing health policy issues where appropriate, while recognizing its true limitations.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/2017-annual-conference
In the coming years the United States will find themselves going through a number of changes within the Social Security Administration which will affect the Health Care Industry as we know it “Hospital size has long been an area of discussion and debate in the U.S. healthcare industry. Questions have consistently focused on cost management or efficiency in large versus small hospitals. A persistent question among researchers is whether efficiencies are associated with larger facilities through economies of scale, or if there are alternate scenarios that play a significant part in hospital cost and efficiency” (2009, JHM). Since the Affordable Health Care Act was established it made obtaining health care much more affordable and accessible, but at the same time there has to be some cut back.
April 28, 2017
Transparency is a relatively new concept to the world of health and health care, considering that just a few short decades ago we were still in the throes of a “doctor-knows-best” model. Today, however, transparency is found on almost every short list of solutions to a variety of health policy problems, ranging from conflicts of interest to rising drug costs to promoting efficient use of health care resources, and more. Doctors are now expected to be transparent about patient diagnoses and treatment options, hospitals are expected to be transparent about error rates, insurers about policy limitations, companies about prices, researchers about data, and policymakers about priorities and rationales for health policy intervention. But a number of important legal and ethical questions remain. For example, what exactly does transparency mean in the context of health, who has a responsibility to be transparent and to whom, what legal mechanisms are there to promote transparency, and what legal protections are needed for things like privacy, intellectual property, and the like? More specifically, when can transparency improve health and health care, and when is it likely to be nothing more than platitude?
This conference aimed to: (1) identify the various thematic roles transparency has been called on to play in American health policy, and why it has emerged in these spaces; (2) understand when, where, how, and why transparency may be a useful policy tool in relation to health and health care, what it can realistically be expected to achieve, and when it is unlikely to be successful, including limits on how patients and consumers utilize information even when we have transparency; (3) assess the legal and ethical issues raised by transparency in health and health care, including obstacles and opportunities; (4) learn from comparative examples of transparency, both in other sectors and outside the United States. In sum, we hope to reach better understandings of this health policy buzzword so that transparency can be utilized as a solution to pressing health policy issues where appropriate, while recognizing its true limitations.
Learn more on our website: http://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/2017-annual-conference
Presentation given by Eric C. Schneider, MD, Senior Vice President for Policy and Research of The Commonwealth Fund at the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation in Ann Arbor, MI on December 7, 2017.
The seminar will provide a brief overview about the differences between the United States’ health care system and others around the world. The signature legislation of the Obama administration was the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2012 ("Obamacare") which the new president Trump and the Republican majority in Congress want to repeal and replace. We will explore why health care insurance and delivery is so expensive in the U.S. and the role that geographic variation in costs and quality play. We'll also talk about quality improvement/patient safey as well as the relative absence of health technology assessment and the application of cost-effectiveness analysis in the U.S. when compared to certain other countries (such as Australia or the United Kingdom).
Presentation given by Eric C. Schneider, MD, Senior Vice President for Policy and Research of The Commonwealth Fund at the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation in Ann Arbor, MI on December 7, 2017.
The seminar will provide a brief overview about the differences between the United States’ health care system and others around the world. The signature legislation of the Obama administration was the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2012 ("Obamacare") which the new president Trump and the Republican majority in Congress want to repeal and replace. We will explore why health care insurance and delivery is so expensive in the U.S. and the role that geographic variation in costs and quality play. We'll also talk about quality improvement/patient safey as well as the relative absence of health technology assessment and the application of cost-effectiveness analysis in the U.S. when compared to certain other countries (such as Australia or the United Kingdom).
Essay On Health Care Reform
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Health Care SpendingNo one is immune to the rising costs of heal.docxCristieHolcomb793
Health Care Spending
No one is immune to the rising costs of health care. Consider the following news stories:
“In 2008, the average premium for a family plan purchased through an employer was $12,680, nearly the annual earnings of a full-time minimum wage job” (Halle & Seshamani, 2009, Introduction, para. 1).
“President Obama’s health care law is putting new strains on some of the nation’s most hard-pressed hospitals, by cutting aid they use to pay for emergency care for illegal immigrants, which they have long been required to provide” (Bernstein, 2012, para. 1).
“Doctors in America are harboring an embarrassing secret: Many of them are going broke. This quiet reality, which is spreading nationwide, is claiming a wide range of casualties, including family physicians, cardiologists and oncologists…Doctors list shrinking insurance reimbursements, changing regulations, rising business and drug costs among the factors preventing them from keeping their practices afloat” (Kavilanz, 2012, para. 1, 2, 5).
In this Discussion, you examine the overall state of health care costs in America, the different factors impacting the finances of health care organizations, and the effect of rising costs on all stakeholders.
To prepare:
Review the Learning Resources on the level of health care spending in the United States.
Consider the ramifications of continuing at this level of spending as well as issues involved with reducing spending.
Reflect on which stakeholders (payers, providers, and the general population) should be responsible for making decisions on health care spending.
I need to Post an assessment of the consequences (on payers, providers, and the general population) of continuing current levels of health care spending in the United States as well as the potential consequences of reducing the level of spending. Explain which stakeholders should make health care spending decisions and why.
And
Read a selection of my colleagues’ responses and Respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days using one or more of the following approaches:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, and evidence.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own review of the literature in the Walden Library. (I will send the responses soon)
Validate an idea with your own experience and additional sources.
Required Readings
Baker, J., & Baker, R. W. (2014). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Health Care Finance” (pp. 3–10)
In this chapter, you are introduced to the four key elements of financial management as well as the two types of accounting. These help set the stage for the weeks to come.
Chapter 4, “Revenues (Inflow)” (pp. 31–40)
This chapter focuses on how health organizations receive revenue for services and highlights the different sources of revenu.
Unintended Consequences of Health Care ReformThe PPACA of .docxgibbonshay
Unintended Consequences of Health Care Reform
The PPACA of 2010 fostered new provisions for health care and the structure of health care delivery. The individual mandate to obtain insurance is one provocative provision. While this provision attempts to increase access to health care, it raises questions on how the existing system could sustain the potentially large influx of newly insured individuals.
Another provision calls for new models of health care provider organizations to ensure delivery efficiency and continuity of care. In this week’s media presentation, Dr. Kathleen White discusses the accountable care organization, which comprises a group of providers coordinating care across a variety of institutional settings. Yet becoming an accountable care organization may present a number of challenges.
This week’s Discussion builds on Week 1, continuing the examination of those societal and organizational contexts that influence health care reform. The unintended consequences of reform policy on the health care system are also considered.
To prepare:
Review this week’s media presentation and the other Learning Resources focusing on how reform may lead to improved quality, greater access, and reduced cost of care. Also think about the unintended consequences that may arise as a result.
Consider the information presented about the individual mandate and accountable care organizations. What are some questions or concerns you might have regarding the individual mandate? What are the pros and cons associated with becoming an accountable care organization?
With posting instructions in mind, select either the individual mandate or accountable care organizations as the focus of your Discussion this week.
By tomorrow Wednesday 03/07/18 BY 12pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of
THREE
scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:
Post
a cohesive response that addresses the following:
1) In the first line of your posting, identify the topic you have selected—either the individual mandate or accountable care organizations. With regard to this topic, describe one or more positive results that could be achieved, and one or more unintended consequence(s) that organizations or individuals may experience.
2) Briefly evaluate issues on the topic that may be a consideration for the organization you work in and the nursing profession ( I WORK I A HOSPITAL SETTING).
Required Readings
Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2016). Understanding health policy: A clinical approach (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Chapter 5, “How Health Care is Organized – I: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Care”
Chapter 6, “How Health Care is Organized – II: Health Delivery Systems”
McClellan, M. (2010). Accountable care organizations in the era of health care reform. American Health & Drug Benefits, 3 ...
11 minutes agoJessica Dunne RE Discussion - Week 3COLLAPS.docxdrennanmicah
11 minutes ago
Jessica Dunne
RE: Discussion - Week 3
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6050C: Policy and Advocacy for Improving Population Health
INITIAL POST
Economic Challenges of Healthcare Policy
The economics of the healthcare system in the United States is complex and fragmented. Costs associated with care and the prices healthcare consumers pay are determined by a wide variety of factors making it extremely difficult to find a one size fits all solution. Knickman and Kovner (2015) argue that healthcare is neither a commodity or a service, because of the high variabilities in need, cost, and consumption. The United States spends 80% of all healthcare revenue on just 20% of the population. Health insurance can be provided by the government, the private sector, or an employer. Some citizens do not have any form of healthcare coverage. Regardless of type, insurance coverage generally only pays a portion of the total healthcare cost leaving the consumer to pay the remaining balance. Moreover, reimbursement standards differ for facilities and providers. The government reimburses healthcare facilities, such as hospitals a fixed amount per patient, which creates a higher incentive to work efficiently. Healthcare providers, on the other hand, are reimbursed based on a fee for service model, meaning the more services they provide, the more money they are reimbursed (Knickman & Kovner, 2015).
Reindart (2010) maintains the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) created more strain on the system by adding approximately 30 million uninsured Americans to the market. The projected cost to provide such coverage is around 8 billion to 1 trillion dollars over the next decade. However, the estimated expense of healthcare with no legislative intervention is 35 trillion dollars over the next decade (Reindart, 2010). Laureate Education (2012) contends that the human resources required to provide healthcare to an additional 30 million people is another consideration the ACA does not address. The United States is already experiencing staff shortages for key healthcare jobs like nurses and physicians. Additionally, with baby boomers retiring from the workforce and simultaneously needing more healthcare resources as they age will inevitably exacerbate the shortage of providers (Laureate Education, 2012).
Ethical Considerations
It is important to recognize that the private sector often follows the public sector when deciding what services will be covered (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Therefore, the implications of Medicare deciding not to pay for a drug or service will likely affect the entire population. Stein (2010) asserts that cost should not be a consideration in determining if medications or services will be paid for by Medicare. Nonetheless, that is what happened with Provenge, a vaccine indicated for late stage prostate cancer patients. The drug prolonged the lifespan of patients by about four months. Provenge costs around 93,000 dollars per p.
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· 7.4 Assignment Comparing Between-subjects and Within-subjects R.docxgerardkortney
· 7.4 Assignment: Comparing Between-subjects and Within-subjects Research
Design or locate a published study that illustrates application of between and within subjects design. Explain the merits of each and the limitations of each (between and within). Indicate which you believe is more informative of the results.
· Demonstrate understanding of the task and be able to address requirements using creativity and application of research design knowledge.
· Must demonstrate ability to analyze existing research to compare strengths and limitations of between-subjects and within-subjects analysis.
1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Compare and contrast health services organizations within the healthcare system.
1.1 Explain the primary organizational components of the healthcare system and the
commonalities and differences among health services organizations.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 2:
Why and How Health Care Organizations Need to Change, pp. 13-34
Chapter 11:
Leading Change: First Steps in Employing Strategic Intelligence to Get Results, pp. 259-310
Unit Lesson
The Ideal Health System
Imagine you are now the Secretary of Health and Human Services; you have a magic wand and you can
create the perfect healthcare system. What components would it have? Would it include:
1. improving health outcomes for individuals, families and communities,
2. defending your population against threats to their health,
3. protecting your population against financial the consequences of bad health,
4. providing access to all with equality and no disparity, and
5. making it possible for people to make decisions in their own plans of care as well as have input into
the decisions that affect your country’s overall health system?
If you answered yes to these components, your definition matches the World Health Organization’s
Components of a Healthcare System (2010).
How This Course & Content Have Real-Word Application
We are witness to history and are living in one of the most active times in our country’s history for healthcare
reform. In 1966, the Medicare Act was signed into law by President Johnson, the most significant piece of
healthcare legislation in our country to that point. Fast forward from 1966 to 2010 and the passing of the
Affordable Care Act, which arguably is the second most impactful piece of legislation on U.S. health care
since the Medicare Act.
Medicare has grown significantly since 1966 and is now about 14% of our national budget, covering 47 million
Americans (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015). Government health plans (Medicare, Medicaid, Tri-Care,
Veteran’s Administration) are growing and are on pace to insure more lives in the near future than lives
covered by commercial plans (Cigna, United, Blue Cross, etc.)
Speaking of this growth, Sylvia Burwell, Health & Human Secretary Director, announced that by 2018 the
Centers for Medicar.
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
ANNOTATED BIBLIGRAPHY 6
Annotated Bibliography: Trends in health Services Management
Health service management involves planning, directing and coordinating medical and health services. The current trends in this profession are the patients becoming informed and wanting to participate in decision-making, new and alternate payment models, and the innovations in healthcare.
Vogenberg, F. R., &Santilli, J. (2015). Key Strategic Trends that Impact Healthcare Decision-Making and Stakeholder Roles in the New Marketplace. Am Health Drug Benefits, 15-20. Comment by Information Technology: Incorrect APA format.
Please review the comments at the end of the paper, but otherwise is a good respectable source .
The author states that the current health care market gives consumers the power to be in charge of their health because of the readily available information. This knowledge has helped the patients to engage in dialogues with doctors concerning diagnosis and treatment options. Patients are demanding to be involved in decisions of therapy options and health services. The patients also want to make decisions concerning the amounts to spend on the health services making them talk with their physicians about prescription options and costs. The health services managers can use this current trend to offer personalized health treatment and advice the patients accordingly depending on the treatments they prefer and the amounts they are willing to spend on healthcare. Comment by Information Technology: Sentence structure is confusing. Consider re-phrasing. Comment by Information Technology: The analytical paragraph is missing. See my comment at the end the paper
Fowler, F. J., Levin, C. A., &Sepucha, K. R. (2011). Informing And Involving Patients To Improve The Quality Of Medical Decisions. Health Aff, 699-706. Comment by Information Technology: Non -APA
In the past, physicians made decisions with little participation of the patients. The article looks at the issues surrounding patient involvement in decision-making and the steps for improving the approach of making decisions. The current trend requires the interaction of patients and doctors to have the decisions match the patient’s aims and anxieties. However, there are outcomes to both the patients and the physicians when the subjects become more actively included in arriving at decisions about health care. In most cases, the patient may not want the most efficient and safest treatment options.The healthcare managers require understanding this trend so that their institutions give the right information to their patients and allow them to give their opinion. Comment by Information Technology: Outcomes affecti ...
Managed Care within Health Care covers a variety of information from nursing homes, policies, Medical, Medicare, out of pocket, and partial payment, management, contracts, government, and the Social Security State Fund. Within this working paper I will discuss a few of these mechanisms that are applied and utilized within ‘Managed Care’ today. A system within a system that brings in 25% of the United States debt.
1Health Insurance MatrixAs you learn about health care del.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Health Insurance Matrix
As you learn about health care delivery in the United States, it is necessary to understand the various models of health insurance to develop important foundational knowledge as you progress through the course and for your role as a future health care worker. The following matrix is designed to help you develop that knowledge and assist you in understanding how health care is financed and how health insurance influences patients and providers. Fill in the following matrix. Each box must contain responses between 50 and 100 words and use complete sentences.
Model
Describe the model
How is the care paid or financed when this model is used?
What is the structure behind this model? Is it a gatekeeper, open-access, or combination of both?
What are the benefits for providers in using this model?
What are the challenges for providers in using this model?
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Preferred Provider Model
Point-of-Service Model
Provider Sponsored Organization
High Deductible Health Plans and Savings Options
Cite your sources below.
References
H 235: Health Care Services
Textbook: Niles, N. J. (2014). Basics of the US health care system (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Shi, L., & Singh, D.A. (2015) Delivering health care in America: A systems approach (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Instructions: Please ensure to substantiate your response with scholarly sources and/or also a personal account of your own experience in the work place or personal life. Cite and reference work! QUESTIONS 1 – 11 USE TEXBOOK ABOVE & FOR QUESTIONS 1, 4 & 5 PLEASE SEE ATTACHED DOCUMENTS.
1. Read Chapter 8 Healthcare Financing and discuss what you found the most or least interesting. See Chapter 8 attached. Must be 200 word count.
1. Glenn: This chapter covers the different types and costs of health care. According to our reading, the cost of health care increases about 6% annually, and the new concentration of the health care industry is controlling overall cost. In the past, health care spending was not controlled, so providers could submit a claim for reimbursement and be automatically reimbursed with no penalty or incentive to control spending. I am sure that many claims were summited that were grossly over estimated, leading to higher health care costs for insurance companies and the consumers. I thought that the portion CDHPs was interesting. CDHPs allow consumers to control health care costs by giving them the opportunity to save money for health care, by letting consumers bank tax free money from paychecks to use towards medical expenses. I wish the data was more up to date, because I seem to remember reading somewhere in the Los Angeles Times that health care costs were due to increase well above the average annual increase in 2015. I know that a lot of those costs get passed on to the consumer, and it would be interesting to see just how much of tha ...
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1. Michael Rendon
Professor Tanner
Literature Review Map
Texas Tech University
Abstract
Interdisciplinary Problem: Affordable Care Act
Name of Discipline #1: Medicine
Health Care Reforms: Disruptors Need Not Apply (Bush, Jonathan. Source:Forbes. 6/16/2014,
Vol. 193 Issue 8, p28-28. 1p.) Retrieved From: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.lib-
e2.lib.ttu.edu/ehost/detail?sid=480c7dfe-b8f7-4fb2-
91d2f7c24fc60383%40sessionmgr112&vid=1&hid=115&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db
=bth&AN=96269132
The problem addressed in the article is that Accountable Care Organizations or ACOs, which are
designed to be a way in which physicians can better coordinate and be more accountable for care
management are a hassle and very inefficient.
The research method is qualitative.
The key concept identified by the author is that the ACO as it stands right now is more disruptive than
beneficial.
The results of these strict ACO’s is that most health care physicians are simply leaving their independent
practice for hospitals and large health systems to avoid the regulations imposed by ACO’s.
Key sources are Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Offices of Physicians.
Investing in Health Care: What Happens When Physicians Invest and Why the Recent
Changes in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Fail to Protect Patients from Their
Physicians’ Self-Interest (Zisk, Nancy L. Source: Seattle University Law Review 36. 2012-2013,
Vol. 36, P.189-208) Retrieved From:
http://www.heinonline.org.libe2.lib.ttu.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/sealr36&id=197&collectio
n=journals&index=#202
The problem addressed in the article is that physicians must disclose their ownership interests in
diagnostic tools and provide alternative resources for these means, however the current disclosure
requirement put a weight on the patients shoulders, which forces the patient to stay with physicians and
help these physicians achieve their own personal financial goals.
The research method is qualitative.
2. Michael Rendon
Professor Tanner
Literature Review Map
Texas Tech University
The key concept is that physicians are able to make money based on recommendations and their own
investments. It may not seem problematic, but it becomes problematic to the relationship between the
physicians and patient when the patient decides on an alternative option.
The conclusion that Zisk proposes is that physicians should adopt a flat bill so that the patient is not
forced into the tough decision discussed.
Key Sources include The Stark Law in Retrospect, Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act.
An Introduction to Health Policy (Sethi, Manish K.; Obremskey, Alexandra; Latuska, Richard.
2013, P. 235-249)
This book is a key work because it entails information up until the recent Affordable Health Care act. It
also entails information regarding the current policy and ways to improve on it as well as possible future
implications. This sets out the health plan in its entirety and discusses problems pertaining to, or
solutions implied by this new law. Reinventing American Health Care (Emanuel, Ezekiel. March 4,2014)
This book discusses the health care system from the early stages to present day. Furthermore, it goes in
depth on where your expenses are going with physician services accounting for up to 20% of health care
expenditures. They discuss that the majority of patients needs however are services that do not require
specialty training, so you see conflict there. Another key thing it addresses is that in 2008 just under all
physicians worked in groups of 5 or fewer. Fast forward to present day where there is more than 50% of
physicians working with hospitals, or not independently.
Journals:
Promoting Prevention through the Affordable Care Act (Koh, Howard K.; Sebelius, Kathleen
G.)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: a primer for NeuroInterventionalists Professional
Organizations: asae-The Center for Association Leadership- The Power of AANA- American Nurses
Association-Health Care Reform
In Brief:
These resources are important because they take a look at various aspects such as the physician/patient
relationship, physician self-interests, and the physicians becoming less independent. The first aspect
being the physician/patient relationship matters because the perceived need to contribute to the
physician’s self-interest makes the patient think they are in better hands and will get better care. The
physician self-interest should be taken out of play, they should either have a flat rate, or not be able to
3. Michael Rendon
Professor Tanner
Literature Review Map
Texas Tech University
invest in the equipment that gives them kickbacks through use. The physicians becoming less
independent through stricter regulations means that we could be at a stage where we will start to see
big business dominate all fields.
Discipline #2: Economics
The Impacts of the Affordable Care Act: How Reasonable Are the Projections? (Gruber,
Jonathan. National Bureau of Economics Research. 2011.) Retrieved
From:http://www.nber.org/papers/w17168
The problem addressed are the impacts that the ACA is expected to have.
The research method was that of a mixed method where there was both qualitative and
quantitative.
The key concept identified in this article, is that we can only predict what will happen in the future.
Other than that we need to just wait and see how much implementation they actually enforce. The
results are unsure as we are still in the beginning phase of the effects that the plan has on our costs.
However, the authors’ conclusion is that we have multiple possible solutions that are proposed to
reduce health care costs.Therefor he concludes that it is unlikely that we will significantly reduce costs,
but rather are on a path to controlling them.
Key References: America’s Health Insurance Plans, 2007. “Individual Health Insurance
2006–2007: A Comprehensive Survey of Premiums, Availability and Benefits.” America’s Health
Insurance Plans, Washington, DC,
http://www.ahipresearch.org/pdfs/Individual_Market_Survey_December_2007.pdf.Congressional
Budget Office, 2010a. The Long-Term Budget Outlook. Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC.
Estimated Financial Effects of the “Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,” as passed by the Senate
on December 24, 2009 (Foster, Richard S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2010.) Retrieved
From
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6HbmkiKFVLYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=affordable+care+a
ct+on+economy&ots=5JbLPai0DE&sig=qz-
Y6rpkYCQBfMIfLnvs7k608s#v=onepage&q=affordable%20care%20act%20on%20economy&f=false
The problem addressed is that the Affordable Care Act will positively effect the economy if we are
willing to invest in this system.
4. Michael Rendon
Professor Tanner
Literature Review Map
Texas Tech University
The research method seems to be more of quantitative breaking down the numbers. The key concept is
that the total amount of Medicare and tax savings would offset the cost of national coverage provisions
resulting in a reduction in the Federal deficit.
The projected results would be an astounding 34 million more people being covered by insurance by
2019.
Key References: Office of the Actuary, Medicare and Medicaid Services. GDP projections from
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/proj2008.pdf
The Health and Wealth of a Nation: Employer-based Health Insurance and the Affordable Care Act
(Maxwell, Nan L. 2012)
This is a key book because it highlights some of the effects that will be imposed on big businesses and
small businesses. The big businesses will see an increase in expenses in order to either cover the worker
better or face financial punishment. As for the small businesses, premiums are increasing which makes it
less likely for a small business to offer adequate insurance to their employee which could impact their
businesses ability to succeed. Without adequate funds and adequate help, the small businesses could
have a more difficult time competing.
Healthcare, Insurance, And You: The Savvy Consumer’s Guide (Zamosky, Lisa. 2013.)
This book is important because it discusses that although we have one of the best healthcare systems
around we spend on average about 3,000.00 more per year on our individual insurance than the top two
next best systems in the world. It also states that even though we pay a higher price, we don’t often go
to the doctor as frequently as citizens from other countries. The book also states that there will be no
deductible, co-payment, or co-insurance, which may mean higher premiums. And the last and most
important figure I got from the book is that healthcare spending accounts for 18% of the annual United
States economy, or 2.7 trillion. However, the law attempts to do quality based payment as opposed to
fee for service which could have a tremendous impact.
Journals:
The Journal of Medical Practice Management (Rak S; Coffin J)
New England Journal of Medicine: Legislating Against use of cost-effectiveness information (Neumann,
PJ; Weinstein, MC. 2010)
Professional Organizations:
Health Care Reform Educational Institute
American Society of Health Economists
5. Michael Rendon
Professor Tanner
Literature Review Map
Texas Tech University
In Brief: All of these articles, journals and books will be useful to examining the actual impacts of the
ACA in the future. We have estimates and proposed theories based on these useful resources, but these
are only a guideline to help understand what actually happens and make comparisons. They made
known some things that I did not know, like no deductibles, co- pay and the like. Although I read
somewhere else that this will lead to increased premiums. Nobody really knows where this bill will put
us with health spending, but at least they are attempting to do something about the system, and based
upon these projections and past numbers we will have a good basis to judge the effectiveness.
References
Health Care Reforms: Disruptors Need Not Apply (Bush, Jonathan. Source:Forbes. 6/16/2014,
Vol. 193 Issue 8, p28-28. 1p.) Retrieved From:
http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.libe2.lib.ttu.edu/ehost/detail?sid=480c7dfe-b8f7-4fb2-
91d2f7c24fc60383%40sessionmgr112&vid=1&hid=115&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db
=bth&AN=96269132
Investing in Health Care: What Happens When Physicians Invest and Why the Recent
Changes in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Fail to Protect Patients from Their
Physicians’ Self-Interest (Zisk, Nancy L. Source: Seattle University Law Review 36. 2012-2013,
Vol. 36, P.189-208)
Retrieved From:
http://www.heinonline.org.libe2.lib.ttu.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/sealr36&id=197&collectio
n=journals&index=#202
An Introduction to Health Policy (Sethi, Manish K.; Obremskey, Alexandra; Latuska, Richard.
2013, P. 235-249)
Reinventing American Health Care (Emanuel, Ezekiel. March 4,2014)
Promoting Prevention through the Affordable Care Act (Koh, Howard K.; Sebelius, Kathleen
G.)
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: a primer for NeuroInterventionalists
6. Michael Rendon
Professor Tanner
Literature Review Map
Texas Tech University
http://m.proquest.safaribooksonline.com/hd/content?xmlId=9781430249535/9781430249535_ch01_x
html#id=9781430249535sec19_xhtml