1. Name: Stephanie Chang
INTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature Search
Date: 19 February 2015
The research question I am working on asks how the impact of post retirement
help provide veterans and their families better opportunities to either continue their
education vs. entering the hydraulic fracturing business with the wear and tear of the
physical activity caused on the human body by being in the military. This question is too
broad to only be looked upon by a single discipline. I will be using both exercise and
sports science (ESS) and military science (MS) to improve an understanding dealing with
this problem. The ESS aspect will focus on the human body, while the MS will focus
more on the military side and the downsizing of today’s Army due to the wars coming to
an end. Both topics will merge as the focus becomes drawn on which decision would be
better for the retired service member and their families, whether it be returning to school
by using the GI bill or by entering the hydraulic fracturing industry.
Article # 1
1. Wurster, K., & Rinaldi, A. (2012). First-Generation Student Veterans: Implications of
Poverty for Psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(2), 127-137.
2. Student veteran; first-generation; college student; social class
3. This article contains qualitative data.
4. Student veterans are arriving at university and college campuses and many counselors
may not be prepared. Multiple and intersecting identities complicate the student's
integration and matriculation into higher education. We review literature on first-
generation college students and issues pertinent to student veterans. Using the revised
Social Class Worldview Model, this article offers a case example to illustrate how
counselors may best work with student veterans.

2. Name: Stephanie Chang
INTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature Search
Date: 19 February 2015
Article # 2
1. Blevins, J. (2012). Classroom Strategies for Teaching Veterans with Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Postsecondary Education
& Disability, 25(1), 87-95.
2. Veterans education; classroom techniques; academic accommodations
3. This article contains qualitative data.
4. Postsecondary institutions currently face the largest influx of veteran students since
World War II. As the number of veteran students who may experience learning problems
caused by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Traumatic Brain Injury continues to
rise, the need for instructional strategies that address their needs increases. Educators may
unwittingly expose these students to uncomfortable or distressing situations. Equipped
with basic knowledge about the brain and memory, college faculty can provide
instruction and assessment in ways that allow all students in the classroom to feel
successful, including "wounded warriors." This article provides suggestions for research-
supported strategies that postsecondary faculty can use to promote wider access for an
increasingly diverse student population.
Article # 3
1. Thomas, C. (2009). Returning Veterans on Campus with War Related Injuries and the
Long Road Back Home. Journal of Postsecondary Education & Disability, 22(1),
43-52.
2. Postsecondary education; military personnel; war; veterans
3. This article contains both qualitative and quantitative data.

3. Name: Stephanie Chang
INTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature Search
Date: 19 February 2015
4. This article reviews the growing numbers of returning military personnel attending
higher education based on emerging national trends, including the new GI Educational
Bill, amendments to the ADA, and the rising unemployment rate. The trauma of war and
the high survival rate have resulted in a high percentage of veterans returning from the
Global War on Terror (GWT) who will experience a wide range of health issues as a
result of their exposure to combat trauma and blast injuries. Many of these injuries will
not be visible and will include physical wounds, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
depression, and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) requiring accessible campuses and
classroom accommodations. However, many veterans are not utilizing the traditional
service providers for students with disabilities in higher education. Therefore colleges
and universities need to engage veterans and utilize their strengths in designing
welcoming campuses that facilitate success for adult learners. (Contains 5 tables.)
Article # 4
1.Adams, E., Rich, N., & White, P. (2007). Physical exam and occult post-traumatic
vascular lesions: implications for the evaluation and management of arterial
injuries in modern warfare in the endovascular era. The Journal of
Cardiovascular Surgery, 48(5) 581-586.
2. Evaluation studies; journal article; comparative study
3. This article contains both qualitative and quantitative data.
4. Based on complexity of extremity wounds sustained in recent combat, arteriography
had been used routinely in evaluations for delayed or occult arterial injuries. This report
aims to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity and specificity of physical exam (PE) in
predicting the presence of these injuries. United States service members sustaining

4. Name: Stephanie Chang
INTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature Search
Date: 19 February 2015
extremity trauma in the Global War on Terrorism were evacuated to our medical center
and evaluated by a senior vascular surgeon. Those with an abnormal PE, at risk based on
wounding patterns, or previously treated for vascular injury underwent arteriography.
Data from each patient were prospectively entered into a Vascular Injury registry.
Comprehensive information about the injuries, interventions, arteriogram results, and any
periprocedural complications were analyzed. Twenty-five endovascular or open surgical
interventions were performed in forty-six of 99 patients that had lesions on arteriography.
Seventy-three patients had a normal PE, of which 36 had lesions that prompted 6
subsequent interventions. Twenty-two of 26 patients with an abnormal PE had lesions
that prompted 19 interventions. For PE, sensitivity was 38%, specificity was 90%, and
positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 85% and 51%,
respectively. In proximity injuries, PPV improved to 100%, but was only 15% sensitive
with a NPV of 60%. In conclusion normal PE did not reliably predict post-traumatic
arterial lesions in these military extremity injuries. These lesions are amenable to
endovascular therapies, and should be considered in cases of complex trauma involving
high amounts of energy, penetrating mechanisms, or wounding patterns in proximity to
named vessels.
Article # 5
1. Currie, D., (2012). Summaries of 2012 APHA policies adopted by Governing Council
in San Francisco: New policies address issues such as military recruiting in
schools, gas fracking, health impact assessments. Journal of Public Health
Association, 42(1), 10-24.
2. Veterans; polices; health impact

5. Name: Stephanie Chang
INTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature Search
Date: 19 February 2015
3. This article contains both qualitative and quantitative data.
4. The following are brief descriptions of the 12 policies adopted by the Governing
Council at APHA’s 140th Annual Meeting in San Francisco. Two of the new policies
were late breakers, meaning they were not open to the same review as the other 2012
policies and will serve as interim policies until reviewed by the Governing Council at its
regular 2013 meeting.
Article # 5
1. Russell, K. (2013). Will Fracking Bring the Soldiers Home? Journal of Social Justice,
25(4), 550-558.
2. Fracking; military; soldiers
3. This article contains mostly qualitative data.
4. Advocates of high volume, slick water horizontal hydraulic fracturing, popularly
known as fracking, often champion the catch phrase: “Drill a well, bring a soldier home!”
This can be found on placards held by pro-frackers at demonstrations and billboards
across the United States.
Article # 6
1. Christopherson, S., & Rightor, N. (2012). How shale gas extraction affects drilling
localities: Lessons for regional and city policy makers. Journal of Town & City
Management, 2(4), 350-368.
2. Economic geography; workforce development; economic development
3. This article contains both qualitative and quantitative data.
4. In countries around the world, the public debate over the prospect of high-volume
hydraulic fracturing for shale gas has revolved around its environmental impacts,

6. Name: Stephanie Chang
INTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature Search
Date: 19 February 2015
while taking as a given that exploitation of this newly available natural gas asset will
produce significant economic benefits for local and regional economies. In this
paper, the authors use multiple methods, including a case study of the Marcellus
Shale gas 'play' in the USA, to examine how the economic costs and benefits of high-
volume hydraulic fracturing have been assessed. They argue that the economic
impact models, which have been used to project potential benefits and job creation,
provide only a fraction of the information needed to understand the consequences
of drilling for the regions in which it occurs. The paper also examines some of the
challenges local communities face in responding to the costs posed by shale gas
extraction. The authors' analysis indicates that, while shale gas development may
increase jobs and tax revenues in the predominantly rural regions where drilling
occurs, it can also impose significant short- and long-term costs. To assess fully the
economic effects of hydraulic fracturing, local and regional policy makers need to
understand the boom-bust cycle that characterizes natural gas development. This
cycle has implications for local costs and benefits short-term, and for the longer-
term economic development prospects of localities in drilling regions.
Article # 7
1. Depledge, M., Haines, A., Wilkinson, P., & Fleming, L. (2014). The health
implications of fracking. The Lancet, 383(9919), 757-758.
2. Health; tropical medicine; gas extraction
3. This article contains qualitative and quantitative data.

7. Name: Stephanie Chang
INTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature Search
Date: 19 February 2015
4. What is known about the health effects of gas extraction by induced hydraulic
fracturing of gas-bearing rock—ie, fracking? A workshop held on Nov 15, 2013, at the
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and attended by scientists, public
health professionals, and decision makers addressed this question.
Article # 8
1. Howarth, R., Ingraffea, A., & Engelder, T. (2011). Natural gas: Should fracking stop?.
Nature, 477(7364), 271. doi:10.1038/477271a
2. Ecology and Environmental Biology; Civil and Environmental Engineering;
Geosciences (SOC)
3. This article contains mostly quantitative data.
4. In this article, the authors discuss the positive and negative impact of natural gas
fracking known as hydraulic fracturing to health and environment. Robert W. Howarth
and Anthony Ingraffea say that extracting natural gas from shale increases the health and
environmental risks. However, Terry Engelder argues that hydraulic fracturing is
important to global economic stability in which fracking-related gas production can help
alleviate global warming and reduce global greenhouse-gas emissions.