Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) present significant security threats that require mitigation to ensure public safety. Recent incidents involving rogue drones disrupting major airports cost airlines tens of millions of dollars in losses. While technological solutions exist to detect, track, and control UAS, current regulations are inadequate and there is no harmonized framework across authorities. This research aims to holistically explore UAS security threats, evaluate existing controls, and recommend amendments to regulations and rationalization of technological solutions to proactively address threats in the safest and most efficient manner through industry-wide collaboration.
This document establishes the United States' policy on domestic drone use, directing federal agencies to integrate drones into national airspace by 2016 while protecting citizens' privacy rights. It tasks Congress and state legislatures with developing regulations for both government and private drone use. The Federal Aviation Administration will test drones at six sites to ensure safety and compliance with future policies. The goal is to use drone technology to enhance security, prevent crime, and respond to emergencies, but in a way that does not violate the Fourth Amendment.
Course Objective - Assess the importance of Port Management .docxvanesaburnand
Course Objective - Assess the importance of Port Management Security.
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 350 words.
Lesson
Port Facility Operations
“The terrorist threat in the early twenty-first century is testing the basic political values and structures of democracy, and in particular, criminal justice roles and processes in controlling deviance in society. Terrorism and the emergence of homeland security are changing the character of local policing, not only in the United States, but around the world”…Kenneth Christopher, Port Security Management
Port facility security is not the sole responsibility of only one entity. It is the responsibility of many including international, national, state and local organizations including the private sector (Christopher, 2015).
The port authorities often do not have direct control over the following:
· Customs and border protection
· Police, fire, and emergency medical services
· Immigration and agriculture agencies
· Coast Guard and harbor authorities
· Transportation and utility regulating bodies
· Employer groups, stevedores, and labor unions
· Cargo terminal operators
· Passenger cruise and ferry lines
· Vendors, suppliers, and customers
Collaborations between Port Security and Enforcement Operations
This week the focus will be on the security management aspects of port facility operations. As we learned in week six, the security and safety at U.S. ports is no doubt a shared responsibility to ensure that port authorities develop and apply an operational approach that includes various resources, processes, and systems to establish an interconnected port security program. Intra and interagency cooperation is essential to effectively coordinate security efforts between different stake holders conducting port activities. It is important to understand that port facility security is not the sole responsibility of only one entity. It is the responsibility of many including international, national, state and local organizations including the private sector (Christopher, 2015, p. 268).
The changing landscape of criminal activity has forced a change in policing. Since 9/11, police forces are relied upon, more often than not, to conduct terrorism training, CBRN/WMD training, intelligence gathering (to some extent) and information sharing; along with traditional police roles of crime prevention and follow-on prosecution, public security and assistance. As with every aspect of our society, this change has encompassed our port security systems as well. Law enforcement agencies are expected (and needed) to work with port authorities “to integrate the appropriate level of law enforcement service into the Port FSP and security regimen” (Christopher). Developing mutual Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) and/or Memorandums of Agreement (MOA) will help to define each entities' roles, responsibilities and organizational hierarchy.
When we take a closer look, we soon realize that collaboration.
JohansmeyerIsmailArtemisBm2016 - On An Optimal Threshold For Terrorism Indust...Raveem Ismail
The document discusses setting an optimal threshold for defining terrorism events for the purpose of industry loss aggregation. It argues that a threshold of $50 million strikes the right balance, being high enough to generate a significant historical loss data set while minimizing operational strain. Sixteen events over the past 30 years met or approached this threshold. Setting the threshold enables insurers and reinsurers to contribute loss data going forward in order to better model and manage terrorism risk.
This annotated bibliography summarizes 7 sources that discuss airport security systems and technologies. The sources describe the security systems in place before and after September 11, 2001, flaws and criticisms of current systems, and recommendations for improving security, such as using new screening technologies, better training employees, and informing passengers. The sources range from 2000 to 2012 and include articles, a book, a film, and an eBook, providing both historical and current perspectives on airport security.
- President Ronald Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars", in 1983 which envisioned creating a missile defense system to protect the US from nuclear attack.
- The SDI proposed developing new technologies like lasers and particle beams to intercept incoming missiles, replacing the policy of mutual nuclear deterrence between the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War.
- Reagan's announcement marked the beginning of extensive research into missile defense, though the technology proposed in 1983 was still far beyond what was feasible at the time.
Governing autonomous vehicles emerging responses for safety liability privacy...Araz Taeihagh
Abstract - The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.
Security technology and democratic legitimacyblogzilla
1. The document discusses the legitimacy and efficacy of various security technologies from multiple perspectives, noting concerns about lack of evidence, costs, impacts on rights and liberties, and political feasibility within a democratic framework.
2. It questions whether citizens and representatives have full information on security technologies' costs and benefits, and whether they are compatible with human rights.
3. The document advocates comparing security proposals to doing nothing and using savings to rebuild and compensate victims, considering negative effects beyond direct costs.
A TASK BASED information break down of COUNTERING UAVEdwin Hofte
THE RAPID SPREAD AND GROWING USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV) BY INDIVIDUALS, THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND TERRORISTS HAS GIVEN WAY TO NUMEROUS DEVELOPING SECURITY CONCERNS. THIS ARTICLE ANALYSES HOW GOVERNMENT, REGULATORS, SECURITY SERVICES, LAW ENFORCEMENT CAN ADDRESS SOME OF THESE CONCERNS. COUNTERING THESE SECURITY THREATS IS COMPLEX AS THE THREATS HAVE TO BE COUNTERED AT DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL LEVELS AND INTENDED USE SUCH AS TERRORIST, CRIMINAL, MILITARY, INTELLIGENCE, SAFETY ETC. TO ENABLE ANALYSIS A FRAMEWORK IS INTRODUCED TO CLASSIFY THE TASKS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADDRESSING SECURITY THREATS: INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. USING THIS FRAMEWORK A BREAKDOWN OF THE INFORMATION NECESSARY TO PERFORM THE DIFFERENT TASKS IS INTRODUCED. WE ANALYSED WHAT INFORMATION NEEDS TO BE GATHERED TO ENABLE THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTION OF COUNTER MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFERENT TASKS. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO HOW DIGITAL FORENSICS ON UAV’S COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE TASKS OF INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.
This document establishes the United States' policy on domestic drone use, directing federal agencies to integrate drones into national airspace by 2016 while protecting citizens' privacy rights. It tasks Congress and state legislatures with developing regulations for both government and private drone use. The Federal Aviation Administration will test drones at six sites to ensure safety and compliance with future policies. The goal is to use drone technology to enhance security, prevent crime, and respond to emergencies, but in a way that does not violate the Fourth Amendment.
Course Objective - Assess the importance of Port Management .docxvanesaburnand
Course Objective - Assess the importance of Port Management Security.
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 350 words.
Lesson
Port Facility Operations
“The terrorist threat in the early twenty-first century is testing the basic political values and structures of democracy, and in particular, criminal justice roles and processes in controlling deviance in society. Terrorism and the emergence of homeland security are changing the character of local policing, not only in the United States, but around the world”…Kenneth Christopher, Port Security Management
Port facility security is not the sole responsibility of only one entity. It is the responsibility of many including international, national, state and local organizations including the private sector (Christopher, 2015).
The port authorities often do not have direct control over the following:
· Customs and border protection
· Police, fire, and emergency medical services
· Immigration and agriculture agencies
· Coast Guard and harbor authorities
· Transportation and utility regulating bodies
· Employer groups, stevedores, and labor unions
· Cargo terminal operators
· Passenger cruise and ferry lines
· Vendors, suppliers, and customers
Collaborations between Port Security and Enforcement Operations
This week the focus will be on the security management aspects of port facility operations. As we learned in week six, the security and safety at U.S. ports is no doubt a shared responsibility to ensure that port authorities develop and apply an operational approach that includes various resources, processes, and systems to establish an interconnected port security program. Intra and interagency cooperation is essential to effectively coordinate security efforts between different stake holders conducting port activities. It is important to understand that port facility security is not the sole responsibility of only one entity. It is the responsibility of many including international, national, state and local organizations including the private sector (Christopher, 2015, p. 268).
The changing landscape of criminal activity has forced a change in policing. Since 9/11, police forces are relied upon, more often than not, to conduct terrorism training, CBRN/WMD training, intelligence gathering (to some extent) and information sharing; along with traditional police roles of crime prevention and follow-on prosecution, public security and assistance. As with every aspect of our society, this change has encompassed our port security systems as well. Law enforcement agencies are expected (and needed) to work with port authorities “to integrate the appropriate level of law enforcement service into the Port FSP and security regimen” (Christopher). Developing mutual Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) and/or Memorandums of Agreement (MOA) will help to define each entities' roles, responsibilities and organizational hierarchy.
When we take a closer look, we soon realize that collaboration.
JohansmeyerIsmailArtemisBm2016 - On An Optimal Threshold For Terrorism Indust...Raveem Ismail
The document discusses setting an optimal threshold for defining terrorism events for the purpose of industry loss aggregation. It argues that a threshold of $50 million strikes the right balance, being high enough to generate a significant historical loss data set while minimizing operational strain. Sixteen events over the past 30 years met or approached this threshold. Setting the threshold enables insurers and reinsurers to contribute loss data going forward in order to better model and manage terrorism risk.
This annotated bibliography summarizes 7 sources that discuss airport security systems and technologies. The sources describe the security systems in place before and after September 11, 2001, flaws and criticisms of current systems, and recommendations for improving security, such as using new screening technologies, better training employees, and informing passengers. The sources range from 2000 to 2012 and include articles, a book, a film, and an eBook, providing both historical and current perspectives on airport security.
- President Ronald Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "Star Wars", in 1983 which envisioned creating a missile defense system to protect the US from nuclear attack.
- The SDI proposed developing new technologies like lasers and particle beams to intercept incoming missiles, replacing the policy of mutual nuclear deterrence between the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War.
- Reagan's announcement marked the beginning of extensive research into missile defense, though the technology proposed in 1983 was still far beyond what was feasible at the time.
Governing autonomous vehicles emerging responses for safety liability privacy...Araz Taeihagh
Abstract - The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.
Security technology and democratic legitimacyblogzilla
1. The document discusses the legitimacy and efficacy of various security technologies from multiple perspectives, noting concerns about lack of evidence, costs, impacts on rights and liberties, and political feasibility within a democratic framework.
2. It questions whether citizens and representatives have full information on security technologies' costs and benefits, and whether they are compatible with human rights.
3. The document advocates comparing security proposals to doing nothing and using savings to rebuild and compensate victims, considering negative effects beyond direct costs.
A TASK BASED information break down of COUNTERING UAVEdwin Hofte
THE RAPID SPREAD AND GROWING USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV) BY INDIVIDUALS, THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND TERRORISTS HAS GIVEN WAY TO NUMEROUS DEVELOPING SECURITY CONCERNS. THIS ARTICLE ANALYSES HOW GOVERNMENT, REGULATORS, SECURITY SERVICES, LAW ENFORCEMENT CAN ADDRESS SOME OF THESE CONCERNS. COUNTERING THESE SECURITY THREATS IS COMPLEX AS THE THREATS HAVE TO BE COUNTERED AT DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL LEVELS AND INTENDED USE SUCH AS TERRORIST, CRIMINAL, MILITARY, INTELLIGENCE, SAFETY ETC. TO ENABLE ANALYSIS A FRAMEWORK IS INTRODUCED TO CLASSIFY THE TASKS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH ADDRESSING SECURITY THREATS: INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. USING THIS FRAMEWORK A BREAKDOWN OF THE INFORMATION NECESSARY TO PERFORM THE DIFFERENT TASKS IS INTRODUCED. WE ANALYSED WHAT INFORMATION NEEDS TO BE GATHERED TO ENABLE THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTION OF COUNTER MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIFFERENT TASKS. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS PAID TO HOW DIGITAL FORENSICS ON UAV’S COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE TASKS OF INTELLIGENCE, GUARD AND SECURE, OPERATIONS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.
This document summarizes a paper that investigates learning from technological disasters. It begins by defining two types of disasters: 1) improbable events that were unlikely but still possible, and 2) those caused by ignorance about how a system may behave. It then discusses the nature of knowledge learned from disasters, including that knowledge can be local/specific or systemic/generic. Finally, it outlines the temporal progression of learning, initially focusing on the specific problem but expanding to systemic and generic lessons over time.
This document contains summaries of 6 sources related to airport security systems and their flaws. The sources discuss technologies used for passenger screening like full body scanners, explosives detection systems, and trace detectors. They also describe security incidents like the shoe bomber Richard Reid and criticisms of the U.S. dividing security responsibilities. The sources range from 2000-2012 and include academic articles, government reports, and films to provide background and current perspectives on airport screening technologies and identifying weaknesses to better protect air travel.
The document summarizes and comments on several sources for a research paper on flaws in airport security. It describes a story about the "shoe bomber" Richard Reid that prompted the research. It then summarizes several sources that will provide information on airport security technologies, procedures before 9/11, criticisms of current systems, and recommendations for improvement. The sources range from a 2004 book to recent news articles.
This document presents a 7-stage framework for analyzing and improving near-miss management programs in the chemical process industry. Near-misses are unplanned incidents that do not result in injury or damage but have the potential to. The framework involves identifying near-misses, reporting them, analyzing causes, determining and disseminating solutions, and ensuring resolutions. Effective near-miss programs encourage employee involvement and can improve safety by addressing accident precursors before harm occurs.
Running head A CASE STUDY OF THE TSA’S RESOURCE ALLOCATION1A.docxSUBHI7
Running head: A CASE STUDY OF THE TSA’S RESOURCE ALLOCATION 1
A CASE STUDY OF THE TSA’S RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2
A Case Study of the TSA’s Resource Allocation
Rachel S. Pyeatt
HMLS 302 Fall 2012 OL1
Rebecca Himes
September 23, 2012
A Case Study of the TSA’s Resource Allocation
Beyond the immediate death and destruction resulting from the 9/11 attacks, the fact that America’s own technology and equipment was instrumental in the execution thereof resonated so profoundly with private citizens and policymakers alike that drastic security measures were rapidly enacted on a national scale. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was one of the high-profile reactionary implementations to prevent future attacks. Over a decade later, the efficiency and utility of the TSA has been criticized by government officials, the press, and even security experts. An evaluation of the TSA’s established protocols in maintaining aviation security suggests the possibility that streamlining the system could simultaneously be more cost and time effective while achieving the desired results of preventing and mitigating terrorist attacks.
The Transportation Security Administration
Although the TSA oversees security for an excess of “9 billion passenger trips per year on the nation’s mass transit systems, more than 161,000 miles of interstate and national highways and their integrated bridges and tunnels, and nearly 800,000 shipments of hazardous materials” (Bullock, Haddow, and Coppola, 2013, p. 250), it is associated by the American public primarily with its role in airport security, particularly passenger screenings. Approximately 50,000 Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) are responsible for screening over two million passengers on a daily basis at more than 700 security checkpoints within 450 airports nationwide (Bullock et al. 2013). By the sheer nature of their duties, to establish and maintain security across all modes of transportation within the United States, the jurisdiction of the TSA is unparalleled by any other law enforcement agencies. Due to the nature of the 9/11 attacks, the vast majority of the organization’s resources are allocated toward aviation security. Approximately 68% of the TSA’s $8.16 billion budget is utilized to conduct inspections of both personnel and baggage intending to fly using Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT), maintain a high TSO and Behavior Detection Officer (BDO) presence within U.S. airports, monitor no-fly and watch lists, and develop innovative counterterrorism security measures (Homeland Security, 2012).
In addition to the commonly referenced inconveniences and potential indignities the TSA’s enforcement of airport security poses passengers, the organization has been the subject of criticisms from renowned security expert Bruce Schneier as well as Congress. Schneier (2012) maintained that the public mistrusts the TSA and that their ineffective procedures achieve very little in the way of securi ...
Week 7 Examine the Strategic Leadership Involved with Crises Situ.docxcockekeshia
This document discusses strategic leadership during crisis situations, using the example of the U.S. military's use of drones. It notes that while drones appear to limit risk to human lives, thousands of drone operators experience high stress from long work hours. Fewer people are interested in these jobs, creating a workforce shortage crisis. Leaders must strategically guide organizations through crises and change. The document provides questions to reflect on strategic and leadership considerations regarding the drone program and how to address its crises.
AVSS & The Institute for Drone Technology™ joint report government regulation...Paul New
Drones will fail. Drones will crash. Drones will hit humans. Drones will “fly-away”. Birds will interfere
with drones. Drones will be lost. Pilots and software will make errors.
This is the drone reality.
However, regardless of the potential risk factors involved with their operation, drones do provide
citizens, businesses, industries, and governments with tremendous value.
Furthermore, in many cases, drones provide a safer alternative to traditional manned aircraft
applications or civilian labour such as in oil and gas and mining inspection services.
Therefore, AVSS and The Institute for Drone Technology believe the challenge of the emerging drone
technologies is not to detect, exclude, or avoid the use of drones, but to determine how we can
safely utilize this growing and beneficial technology.
- Terrorism remains a persistent threat in the United States, though most attacks since 9/11 have involved arson or conventional explosives and caused limited damage. Al Qaeda and other groups still aspire to conduct more destructive attacks.
- Terrorism risk models can estimate the likelihood and impact of some events similar to past attacks, but cannot reliably predict threats differently than historical incidents given limited data.
- The TRIA program helps ensure compensation is available after attacks and supports recovery, though it only covers incidents insurers can model, with taxpayers protected from extreme losses above $27.5 billion. Renewing TRIA may increase national security by promoting resilience.
Governing Risks in Innovation: Findings from the Adoption of Mobile Payment T...Araz Taeihagh
Nowadays various innovative technologies have been adopted by governments worldwide in resolving various complex and grand societal challenges. We have reported an in-depth case study, which has elaborated how a Chinese metro company has governed the risks of adopting an innovative technology, mobile payment. We have identified three primary risks involved in adopting mobile payment technology, namely promotion risk, integration risk, and organizational risk. For the governance of the risks involved, three different governance strategies were adopted by the metro company in Nanjing, namely, no response, control-oriented strategy, and toleration-oriented strategy.
Running Head: SAFETY IN AVIATION 0
SAFETY IN AVIATION 1
Safety in Aviation
Meshari Al-Shahin
Dr. Jennifer Nader
ERAU
Meshari Al-Shahin
1420 New Bellevue Ave
Daytona Beach, Fl 32114
Nov 6, 2018
Daniel Elwell
FAA
800 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20591
Re: Safety in Aviation Submittal 1420 new Bellevue
Dear Mr. Elwell,
Enclosed is my aviation submission for safety in aviation at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. My project was on aviation safety and from the word go relied on quantitative studies. The PDF packet includes 9 pages and breaks down as follows:
1. The letter of transmittal: pg.2
2. Abstract: pg.3
3. Analytical paragraph: pg.5
4. Introduction and Background: pg.6
5. Recommendation: pg.9
6. Conclusion: pg.10
7. References: pg.11
Considering the nature of report, it is limited in scope to different structure and platforms; we expect some challenges in the completion of research topic due to the time factor. I fully expect a further research and analysis of data applying statistical tools. On top of that, the project calls for analysis and recommendation of the research. The memorandum is attached to show the job allocation and scheduling thus I would require more time as I shall rely upon qualitative and quantitative tools of research. Therefore, I would request for a special consideration of all my sections of the project.
I would like to go ahead with my project on safety in aviation. Kindly pay a close attention to the progressive report of the work done and offer any green light for the completion of the project. Your guidance would be appreciated to the latter. Moreover, let me know if you experience any difficulties with my files or anything that seems to be not in order. You can contact me anytime via email at [email protected].
Thanks for your concern in advance,
Meshari Al-Shahin
Meshari Al-Shahin
Abstract
This paper summarized various measures taken for safety in aviation and considered the various responsibilities assigned to different people to ensure that there is a safe flying environment. The paper tries to provide solutions to the aviation industry that are effective for the aviation industry and useful to the employees in the industry, as well as travellers and used a problem-solution analysis. The report was designed to offer viable solutions to the problems that have arisen due to the expansion of air transport. An in-depth analysis of the issues surrounding the aviation management systems as well as the individual contribution to the general operations is highly scrutinized. Weather and climatic conditions were included as part of this study as it has been linked a large number of deaths because of poor insight, which thus have led to accidents. The recommendations include that it is advisable for .
Running Head: SAFETY IN AVIATION 0
SAFETY IN AVIATION 1
Safety in Aviation
Meshari Al-Shahin
Dr. Jennifer Nader
ERAU
Meshari Al-Shahin
1420 New Bellevue Ave
Daytona Beach, Fl 32114
Nov 6, 2018
Daniel Elwell
FAA
800 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20591
Re: Safety in Aviation Submittal 1420 new Bellevue
Dear Mr. Elwell,
Enclosed is my aviation submission for safety in aviation at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. My project was on aviation safety and from the word go relied on quantitative studies. The PDF packet includes 9 pages and breaks down as follows:
1. The letter of transmittal: pg.2
2. Abstract: pg.3
3. Analytical paragraph: pg.5
4. Introduction and Background: pg.6
5. Recommendation: pg.9
6. Conclusion: pg.10
7. References: pg.11
Considering the nature of report, it is limited in scope to different structure and platforms; we expect some challenges in the completion of research topic due to the time factor. I fully expect a further research and analysis of data applying statistical tools. On top of that, the project calls for analysis and recommendation of the research. The memorandum is attached to show the job allocation and scheduling thus I would require more time as I shall rely upon qualitative and quantitative tools of research. Therefore, I would request for a special consideration of all my sections of the project.
I would like to go ahead with my project on safety in aviation. Kindly pay a close attention to the progressive report of the work done and offer any green light for the completion of the project. Your guidance would be appreciated to the latter. Moreover, let me know if you experience any difficulties with my files or anything that seems to be not in order. You can contact me anytime via email at [email protected].
Thanks for your concern in advance,
Meshari Al-Shahin
Meshari Al-Shahin
Abstract
This paper summarized various measures taken for safety in aviation and considered the various responsibilities assigned to different people to ensure that there is a safe flying environment. The paper tries to provide solutions to the aviation industry that are effective for the aviation industry and useful to the employees in the industry, as well as travellers and used a problem-solution analysis. The report was designed to offer viable solutions to the problems that have arisen due to the expansion of air transport. An in-depth analysis of the issues surrounding the aviation management systems as well as the individual contribution to the general operations is highly scrutinized. Weather and climatic conditions were included as part of this study as it has been linked a large number of deaths because of poor insight, which thus have led to accidents. The recommendations include that it is advisable for .
Rush University Medical Center historically did not engage in strategic planning or marketing, relying on its long history, which led it to fall from the top ranked medical center in consumer surveys. In response, the medical center recognized the need for strategic planning, marketing, and assessments to develop new business ideas and financial models to gain approval from administrators and the board for changes to the organization's approach. Comprehensive environmental scanning would help inform the strategic planning process to improve Rush's position in the competitive healthcare marketplace.
This personal statement discusses the writer's view of the nursing profession and why they want to pursue it. The writer sees nursing as a respectful profession that can be challenging but also fulfilling and rewarding when patients get well. They believe the key qualities for nursing are being empathetic, a good listener, eager to learn new things and improve, and understanding patients' needs without bias. The writer has faith that they possess these qualities and are well-suited for nursing.
This document discusses the evolution of terrorism risk modeling from qualitative approaches relying on expert judgment to more quantitative analytical methods. It covers:
1) The development of terrorism risk modeling from a qualitative approach based on underwriter experience to more formal analytical models needed to assess risks like Al Qaeda.
2) Deterministic scenario modeling to estimate probable maximum losses from terrorist attacks. This reduces uncertainty but does not address probability of extreme losses.
3) The use of expert judgment in terrorism risk assessment and efforts to minimize subjectivity through quantitative modeling of underlying processes.
4) Quantitative tools for terrorism risk modeling including controlled Markov chain models of terrorist attack occurrence, adaptive learning models of attack mode selection, and game theory approaches to
This document discusses the evolution of terrorism risk modeling from qualitative approaches relying on expert judgment to more quantitative analytical methods. It describes how terrorism risk modeling has progressed from:
1) Qualitative approaches based on underwriter experience to more formal analytical methods incorporating scenario modeling and probabilistic approaches.
2) Deterministic scenario modeling of maximum credible attacks to probabilistic models incorporating probabilities of different attack scenarios.
3) Greater use of quantitative tools like controlled Markov chain models of the terrorism-counterterrorism conflict and models of adaptive learning and target selection incorporating concepts from fields like cybernetics and game theory.
DRONES THE NEW WEAPON OF CHOICE - ALSO FOR HACKERSReputelligence
My talk will be about drone threats in general and how you can assess drone based threats. I will show the comprehensive threat assessment methodology and the countermeasures you can take against the drone threat. The threat assessment is based on a catalog of about 140 items. Particularly interesting will be looking at the drone threats in relation to:
Planting payload at specific locations (i.e. hacking equipment transported to target location for instance)
Tampering communication equipment with the help of drones
Insider threat communicate with an insider with the help of a drone
Hacking the communication of a drone
Privacy violations
etc.
Review of the National Culture Influence on Pilot’s DecisionMaking during fli...IOSRJBM
Thisreview paperstudies the influence of the national culture onflying safety in the cockpit. Likewise, the study aims toevaluate the pilot behaviour and response to risk during flight in terms of pilot decisionmaking. According to Helmreich (2000), ―cultural values are so deeply ingrained; it is unlikely that exhortation, edict, or generic training programs can modify them. The challenge is to develop organizational initiatives that congruent with the culture‖. Thus,evaluating the technology-culture interference impact on a pilot’s decision-making performance, within a specific region gives deep understanding of the pilot’s behaviour under the effect of this region national culture. In addition,this appraises the risk tolerance, error management and factors that affect pilot decision-making in regarding to national culture within the region.The expected contribution of this research is to enhance the pilot decision-making performance within the region of North Africa. Moreover, this study will enhances the implementation of Crew Resource Management training program (CRM), in which will support the culture calibration of the CRM tofit the pilot’sneeds within this region. Ultimately, a safe operation of the aircrafts and improvethe aviation marketwithin the region
The document discusses risk assessment and management in port safety. It describes the three main activities: 1) assessing risk in terms of probability and consequences, 2) managing risk through options and tradeoffs, and 3) considering the impact of decisions on future risks. Several analytical tools are used for risk assessment, including fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and failure modes and effects analysis. Safety indicators like accidents and precursors (near misses) are also discussed. The value of preventing human losses through willingness to pay approaches is covered. Accidents can have wider effects beyond direct costs through changes in public behavior or organizational decisions.
This document is a thesis submitted by SSgt James P. Sankey to the College of International Security Affairs at the National Defense University examining policy recommendations for commercially operated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the United States. It notes the lack of current regulation for small, commercially operated UAVs and the potential risks this poses. The thesis will analyze different policy options for regulating UAV equipment, operators, and enforcement to address this issue in a way that balances business and national security interests. It employs qualitative historical analysis to examine previous studies and cases on integrating UAVs into the national airspace system to inform its policy recommendations.
As journalists, weknow the power of words.The phrase th.docxfredharris32
As journalists, we
know the power of words.
The phrase "the pen is mightier
than the sword" was coined for
a reason - and when the words we
employ are backed up by facts and evidence
gathered with all the tools at our disposal, they
can have a significant impact. How then, ethically,
will we use the new technology of unmanned aerial
vehicles - a.k.a. drones - to wield the power of the pen
to tell our stories?
Page 12 • Gateway Jouri
Drones
To answer that question, we first must try
to define what the word "drone" encompasses.
In the spring 2013 issue of News Media & The
Law, Lilly Chapa provided this description:
"Technically, any aircraft that is controlled re-
motely is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),
ot drone. Most modern drones are controlled
by Global Positioning System-based commands
programmed through a computer. Dtones can
cost anywhere from $300 to $5 million and
can be as small as a dinner plate ot as large as a
Cessna. They can be equipped with a variety of
tools, including cameras, GPS trackers, infrared
sensors and weapons."
A group with a focus on the future of drone
journalism has made it its mission to keep the
attention on ethics. The Professional Society of
Drone Journalists, which formed in 2011, bills
itself on its website as "the fitst international
organization dedicated to establishing the ethi-
cal, educational and technological framework
for the emerging field of drone journalism." The
organization's founder is Matthew Schtoyet, a
drone expert who works for a National Science
Foundation grant at the University of Illinois. In
a July 2013 interview posted on the website of
International Human Press (http://www.ithp.
org/atticles/droneexpert.html), Schroyet said he
has developed a preliminary code of conduct for
drone journalism. His hope is that the code will
be interactive at some point, so members of the
society can alter the code to keep up with devel-
opments in the dtone journalism field.
The code lays out the additional respon-
sibilities that dtone journalists take on when
controlling these unmanned vehicles, and it also
emphasizes the potential risks of operating UAVs
in populated urban ateas as the speed, tange and
size of these machines undergo ftitther devel-
opment. Being able to take aerial photographs
when reporting on a story makes a drone a valu-
able resource, but in this regard the code also
warns that the chance for abuse - especially
when it comes to matters of privacy and safety
- is also increased.
New technology
for an old idea
whenever the subject of drones comes up
in American society, ethical conflicts and con-
troversies follow. Consider the uproar regarding
Americans' privacy when Amazon's Jeff Bezos
announced Dec. 2 to CBS's "60 Minutes" cor-
respondent Charlie Rose that his company
aims to someday use "octocoptets" to deliver
packages to customers.
In the United States, the conflict over drone use involves First Amendment and
Fourth Amendment freedoms and state and munici ...
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the.docxcroysierkathey
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the heritages mentioned about and how they affect (positively or negatively) the delivery of health care.
2. Identify sociocultural variables within the Irish, Italian and Puerto Rican heritage and mention some examples.
References must be no older than 5 years. A minimum of 700 words is required.
.
1. Compare and contrast DEmilios Capitalism and Gay Identity .docxcroysierkathey
1. Compare and contrast D'Emilio's
Capitalism and Gay Identity
with the
From Mary to Modern Woman
reading. What patterns do you see that are similar to the modern American society? What can be said about global notions of gender in the modern age? Feel free to invoke Foucault.
2. How is the writer's experience important in the story being told in
Middlesex
? Describe your reaction to the reading and invoke some of the concepts discussed in the
Queer Theory
reading to try to make sense of sexuality when it does not match your own conventions. Compare both readings, but go deeper to explore your own stereotypes and socialization.
**PLEASE READ THE READINGS IN ODER TO DO THIS ASSIGNMENT.
.
More Related Content
Similar to List of Approved MoviesComment by Narbona Jerez, Pamela Title, a.docx
This document summarizes a paper that investigates learning from technological disasters. It begins by defining two types of disasters: 1) improbable events that were unlikely but still possible, and 2) those caused by ignorance about how a system may behave. It then discusses the nature of knowledge learned from disasters, including that knowledge can be local/specific or systemic/generic. Finally, it outlines the temporal progression of learning, initially focusing on the specific problem but expanding to systemic and generic lessons over time.
This document contains summaries of 6 sources related to airport security systems and their flaws. The sources discuss technologies used for passenger screening like full body scanners, explosives detection systems, and trace detectors. They also describe security incidents like the shoe bomber Richard Reid and criticisms of the U.S. dividing security responsibilities. The sources range from 2000-2012 and include academic articles, government reports, and films to provide background and current perspectives on airport screening technologies and identifying weaknesses to better protect air travel.
The document summarizes and comments on several sources for a research paper on flaws in airport security. It describes a story about the "shoe bomber" Richard Reid that prompted the research. It then summarizes several sources that will provide information on airport security technologies, procedures before 9/11, criticisms of current systems, and recommendations for improvement. The sources range from a 2004 book to recent news articles.
This document presents a 7-stage framework for analyzing and improving near-miss management programs in the chemical process industry. Near-misses are unplanned incidents that do not result in injury or damage but have the potential to. The framework involves identifying near-misses, reporting them, analyzing causes, determining and disseminating solutions, and ensuring resolutions. Effective near-miss programs encourage employee involvement and can improve safety by addressing accident precursors before harm occurs.
Running head A CASE STUDY OF THE TSA’S RESOURCE ALLOCATION1A.docxSUBHI7
Running head: A CASE STUDY OF THE TSA’S RESOURCE ALLOCATION 1
A CASE STUDY OF THE TSA’S RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2
A Case Study of the TSA’s Resource Allocation
Rachel S. Pyeatt
HMLS 302 Fall 2012 OL1
Rebecca Himes
September 23, 2012
A Case Study of the TSA’s Resource Allocation
Beyond the immediate death and destruction resulting from the 9/11 attacks, the fact that America’s own technology and equipment was instrumental in the execution thereof resonated so profoundly with private citizens and policymakers alike that drastic security measures were rapidly enacted on a national scale. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was one of the high-profile reactionary implementations to prevent future attacks. Over a decade later, the efficiency and utility of the TSA has been criticized by government officials, the press, and even security experts. An evaluation of the TSA’s established protocols in maintaining aviation security suggests the possibility that streamlining the system could simultaneously be more cost and time effective while achieving the desired results of preventing and mitigating terrorist attacks.
The Transportation Security Administration
Although the TSA oversees security for an excess of “9 billion passenger trips per year on the nation’s mass transit systems, more than 161,000 miles of interstate and national highways and their integrated bridges and tunnels, and nearly 800,000 shipments of hazardous materials” (Bullock, Haddow, and Coppola, 2013, p. 250), it is associated by the American public primarily with its role in airport security, particularly passenger screenings. Approximately 50,000 Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) are responsible for screening over two million passengers on a daily basis at more than 700 security checkpoints within 450 airports nationwide (Bullock et al. 2013). By the sheer nature of their duties, to establish and maintain security across all modes of transportation within the United States, the jurisdiction of the TSA is unparalleled by any other law enforcement agencies. Due to the nature of the 9/11 attacks, the vast majority of the organization’s resources are allocated toward aviation security. Approximately 68% of the TSA’s $8.16 billion budget is utilized to conduct inspections of both personnel and baggage intending to fly using Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT), maintain a high TSO and Behavior Detection Officer (BDO) presence within U.S. airports, monitor no-fly and watch lists, and develop innovative counterterrorism security measures (Homeland Security, 2012).
In addition to the commonly referenced inconveniences and potential indignities the TSA’s enforcement of airport security poses passengers, the organization has been the subject of criticisms from renowned security expert Bruce Schneier as well as Congress. Schneier (2012) maintained that the public mistrusts the TSA and that their ineffective procedures achieve very little in the way of securi ...
Week 7 Examine the Strategic Leadership Involved with Crises Situ.docxcockekeshia
This document discusses strategic leadership during crisis situations, using the example of the U.S. military's use of drones. It notes that while drones appear to limit risk to human lives, thousands of drone operators experience high stress from long work hours. Fewer people are interested in these jobs, creating a workforce shortage crisis. Leaders must strategically guide organizations through crises and change. The document provides questions to reflect on strategic and leadership considerations regarding the drone program and how to address its crises.
AVSS & The Institute for Drone Technology™ joint report government regulation...Paul New
Drones will fail. Drones will crash. Drones will hit humans. Drones will “fly-away”. Birds will interfere
with drones. Drones will be lost. Pilots and software will make errors.
This is the drone reality.
However, regardless of the potential risk factors involved with their operation, drones do provide
citizens, businesses, industries, and governments with tremendous value.
Furthermore, in many cases, drones provide a safer alternative to traditional manned aircraft
applications or civilian labour such as in oil and gas and mining inspection services.
Therefore, AVSS and The Institute for Drone Technology believe the challenge of the emerging drone
technologies is not to detect, exclude, or avoid the use of drones, but to determine how we can
safely utilize this growing and beneficial technology.
- Terrorism remains a persistent threat in the United States, though most attacks since 9/11 have involved arson or conventional explosives and caused limited damage. Al Qaeda and other groups still aspire to conduct more destructive attacks.
- Terrorism risk models can estimate the likelihood and impact of some events similar to past attacks, but cannot reliably predict threats differently than historical incidents given limited data.
- The TRIA program helps ensure compensation is available after attacks and supports recovery, though it only covers incidents insurers can model, with taxpayers protected from extreme losses above $27.5 billion. Renewing TRIA may increase national security by promoting resilience.
Governing Risks in Innovation: Findings from the Adoption of Mobile Payment T...Araz Taeihagh
Nowadays various innovative technologies have been adopted by governments worldwide in resolving various complex and grand societal challenges. We have reported an in-depth case study, which has elaborated how a Chinese metro company has governed the risks of adopting an innovative technology, mobile payment. We have identified three primary risks involved in adopting mobile payment technology, namely promotion risk, integration risk, and organizational risk. For the governance of the risks involved, three different governance strategies were adopted by the metro company in Nanjing, namely, no response, control-oriented strategy, and toleration-oriented strategy.
Running Head: SAFETY IN AVIATION 0
SAFETY IN AVIATION 1
Safety in Aviation
Meshari Al-Shahin
Dr. Jennifer Nader
ERAU
Meshari Al-Shahin
1420 New Bellevue Ave
Daytona Beach, Fl 32114
Nov 6, 2018
Daniel Elwell
FAA
800 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20591
Re: Safety in Aviation Submittal 1420 new Bellevue
Dear Mr. Elwell,
Enclosed is my aviation submission for safety in aviation at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. My project was on aviation safety and from the word go relied on quantitative studies. The PDF packet includes 9 pages and breaks down as follows:
1. The letter of transmittal: pg.2
2. Abstract: pg.3
3. Analytical paragraph: pg.5
4. Introduction and Background: pg.6
5. Recommendation: pg.9
6. Conclusion: pg.10
7. References: pg.11
Considering the nature of report, it is limited in scope to different structure and platforms; we expect some challenges in the completion of research topic due to the time factor. I fully expect a further research and analysis of data applying statistical tools. On top of that, the project calls for analysis and recommendation of the research. The memorandum is attached to show the job allocation and scheduling thus I would require more time as I shall rely upon qualitative and quantitative tools of research. Therefore, I would request for a special consideration of all my sections of the project.
I would like to go ahead with my project on safety in aviation. Kindly pay a close attention to the progressive report of the work done and offer any green light for the completion of the project. Your guidance would be appreciated to the latter. Moreover, let me know if you experience any difficulties with my files or anything that seems to be not in order. You can contact me anytime via email at [email protected].
Thanks for your concern in advance,
Meshari Al-Shahin
Meshari Al-Shahin
Abstract
This paper summarized various measures taken for safety in aviation and considered the various responsibilities assigned to different people to ensure that there is a safe flying environment. The paper tries to provide solutions to the aviation industry that are effective for the aviation industry and useful to the employees in the industry, as well as travellers and used a problem-solution analysis. The report was designed to offer viable solutions to the problems that have arisen due to the expansion of air transport. An in-depth analysis of the issues surrounding the aviation management systems as well as the individual contribution to the general operations is highly scrutinized. Weather and climatic conditions were included as part of this study as it has been linked a large number of deaths because of poor insight, which thus have led to accidents. The recommendations include that it is advisable for .
Running Head: SAFETY IN AVIATION 0
SAFETY IN AVIATION 1
Safety in Aviation
Meshari Al-Shahin
Dr. Jennifer Nader
ERAU
Meshari Al-Shahin
1420 New Bellevue Ave
Daytona Beach, Fl 32114
Nov 6, 2018
Daniel Elwell
FAA
800 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20591
Re: Safety in Aviation Submittal 1420 new Bellevue
Dear Mr. Elwell,
Enclosed is my aviation submission for safety in aviation at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. My project was on aviation safety and from the word go relied on quantitative studies. The PDF packet includes 9 pages and breaks down as follows:
1. The letter of transmittal: pg.2
2. Abstract: pg.3
3. Analytical paragraph: pg.5
4. Introduction and Background: pg.6
5. Recommendation: pg.9
6. Conclusion: pg.10
7. References: pg.11
Considering the nature of report, it is limited in scope to different structure and platforms; we expect some challenges in the completion of research topic due to the time factor. I fully expect a further research and analysis of data applying statistical tools. On top of that, the project calls for analysis and recommendation of the research. The memorandum is attached to show the job allocation and scheduling thus I would require more time as I shall rely upon qualitative and quantitative tools of research. Therefore, I would request for a special consideration of all my sections of the project.
I would like to go ahead with my project on safety in aviation. Kindly pay a close attention to the progressive report of the work done and offer any green light for the completion of the project. Your guidance would be appreciated to the latter. Moreover, let me know if you experience any difficulties with my files or anything that seems to be not in order. You can contact me anytime via email at [email protected].
Thanks for your concern in advance,
Meshari Al-Shahin
Meshari Al-Shahin
Abstract
This paper summarized various measures taken for safety in aviation and considered the various responsibilities assigned to different people to ensure that there is a safe flying environment. The paper tries to provide solutions to the aviation industry that are effective for the aviation industry and useful to the employees in the industry, as well as travellers and used a problem-solution analysis. The report was designed to offer viable solutions to the problems that have arisen due to the expansion of air transport. An in-depth analysis of the issues surrounding the aviation management systems as well as the individual contribution to the general operations is highly scrutinized. Weather and climatic conditions were included as part of this study as it has been linked a large number of deaths because of poor insight, which thus have led to accidents. The recommendations include that it is advisable for .
Rush University Medical Center historically did not engage in strategic planning or marketing, relying on its long history, which led it to fall from the top ranked medical center in consumer surveys. In response, the medical center recognized the need for strategic planning, marketing, and assessments to develop new business ideas and financial models to gain approval from administrators and the board for changes to the organization's approach. Comprehensive environmental scanning would help inform the strategic planning process to improve Rush's position in the competitive healthcare marketplace.
This personal statement discusses the writer's view of the nursing profession and why they want to pursue it. The writer sees nursing as a respectful profession that can be challenging but also fulfilling and rewarding when patients get well. They believe the key qualities for nursing are being empathetic, a good listener, eager to learn new things and improve, and understanding patients' needs without bias. The writer has faith that they possess these qualities and are well-suited for nursing.
This document discusses the evolution of terrorism risk modeling from qualitative approaches relying on expert judgment to more quantitative analytical methods. It covers:
1) The development of terrorism risk modeling from a qualitative approach based on underwriter experience to more formal analytical models needed to assess risks like Al Qaeda.
2) Deterministic scenario modeling to estimate probable maximum losses from terrorist attacks. This reduces uncertainty but does not address probability of extreme losses.
3) The use of expert judgment in terrorism risk assessment and efforts to minimize subjectivity through quantitative modeling of underlying processes.
4) Quantitative tools for terrorism risk modeling including controlled Markov chain models of terrorist attack occurrence, adaptive learning models of attack mode selection, and game theory approaches to
This document discusses the evolution of terrorism risk modeling from qualitative approaches relying on expert judgment to more quantitative analytical methods. It describes how terrorism risk modeling has progressed from:
1) Qualitative approaches based on underwriter experience to more formal analytical methods incorporating scenario modeling and probabilistic approaches.
2) Deterministic scenario modeling of maximum credible attacks to probabilistic models incorporating probabilities of different attack scenarios.
3) Greater use of quantitative tools like controlled Markov chain models of the terrorism-counterterrorism conflict and models of adaptive learning and target selection incorporating concepts from fields like cybernetics and game theory.
DRONES THE NEW WEAPON OF CHOICE - ALSO FOR HACKERSReputelligence
My talk will be about drone threats in general and how you can assess drone based threats. I will show the comprehensive threat assessment methodology and the countermeasures you can take against the drone threat. The threat assessment is based on a catalog of about 140 items. Particularly interesting will be looking at the drone threats in relation to:
Planting payload at specific locations (i.e. hacking equipment transported to target location for instance)
Tampering communication equipment with the help of drones
Insider threat communicate with an insider with the help of a drone
Hacking the communication of a drone
Privacy violations
etc.
Review of the National Culture Influence on Pilot’s DecisionMaking during fli...IOSRJBM
Thisreview paperstudies the influence of the national culture onflying safety in the cockpit. Likewise, the study aims toevaluate the pilot behaviour and response to risk during flight in terms of pilot decisionmaking. According to Helmreich (2000), ―cultural values are so deeply ingrained; it is unlikely that exhortation, edict, or generic training programs can modify them. The challenge is to develop organizational initiatives that congruent with the culture‖. Thus,evaluating the technology-culture interference impact on a pilot’s decision-making performance, within a specific region gives deep understanding of the pilot’s behaviour under the effect of this region national culture. In addition,this appraises the risk tolerance, error management and factors that affect pilot decision-making in regarding to national culture within the region.The expected contribution of this research is to enhance the pilot decision-making performance within the region of North Africa. Moreover, this study will enhances the implementation of Crew Resource Management training program (CRM), in which will support the culture calibration of the CRM tofit the pilot’sneeds within this region. Ultimately, a safe operation of the aircrafts and improvethe aviation marketwithin the region
The document discusses risk assessment and management in port safety. It describes the three main activities: 1) assessing risk in terms of probability and consequences, 2) managing risk through options and tradeoffs, and 3) considering the impact of decisions on future risks. Several analytical tools are used for risk assessment, including fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and failure modes and effects analysis. Safety indicators like accidents and precursors (near misses) are also discussed. The value of preventing human losses through willingness to pay approaches is covered. Accidents can have wider effects beyond direct costs through changes in public behavior or organizational decisions.
This document is a thesis submitted by SSgt James P. Sankey to the College of International Security Affairs at the National Defense University examining policy recommendations for commercially operated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the United States. It notes the lack of current regulation for small, commercially operated UAVs and the potential risks this poses. The thesis will analyze different policy options for regulating UAV equipment, operators, and enforcement to address this issue in a way that balances business and national security interests. It employs qualitative historical analysis to examine previous studies and cases on integrating UAVs into the national airspace system to inform its policy recommendations.
As journalists, weknow the power of words.The phrase th.docxfredharris32
As journalists, we
know the power of words.
The phrase "the pen is mightier
than the sword" was coined for
a reason - and when the words we
employ are backed up by facts and evidence
gathered with all the tools at our disposal, they
can have a significant impact. How then, ethically,
will we use the new technology of unmanned aerial
vehicles - a.k.a. drones - to wield the power of the pen
to tell our stories?
Page 12 • Gateway Jouri
Drones
To answer that question, we first must try
to define what the word "drone" encompasses.
In the spring 2013 issue of News Media & The
Law, Lilly Chapa provided this description:
"Technically, any aircraft that is controlled re-
motely is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),
ot drone. Most modern drones are controlled
by Global Positioning System-based commands
programmed through a computer. Dtones can
cost anywhere from $300 to $5 million and
can be as small as a dinner plate ot as large as a
Cessna. They can be equipped with a variety of
tools, including cameras, GPS trackers, infrared
sensors and weapons."
A group with a focus on the future of drone
journalism has made it its mission to keep the
attention on ethics. The Professional Society of
Drone Journalists, which formed in 2011, bills
itself on its website as "the fitst international
organization dedicated to establishing the ethi-
cal, educational and technological framework
for the emerging field of drone journalism." The
organization's founder is Matthew Schtoyet, a
drone expert who works for a National Science
Foundation grant at the University of Illinois. In
a July 2013 interview posted on the website of
International Human Press (http://www.ithp.
org/atticles/droneexpert.html), Schroyet said he
has developed a preliminary code of conduct for
drone journalism. His hope is that the code will
be interactive at some point, so members of the
society can alter the code to keep up with devel-
opments in the dtone journalism field.
The code lays out the additional respon-
sibilities that dtone journalists take on when
controlling these unmanned vehicles, and it also
emphasizes the potential risks of operating UAVs
in populated urban ateas as the speed, tange and
size of these machines undergo ftitther devel-
opment. Being able to take aerial photographs
when reporting on a story makes a drone a valu-
able resource, but in this regard the code also
warns that the chance for abuse - especially
when it comes to matters of privacy and safety
- is also increased.
New technology
for an old idea
whenever the subject of drones comes up
in American society, ethical conflicts and con-
troversies follow. Consider the uproar regarding
Americans' privacy when Amazon's Jeff Bezos
announced Dec. 2 to CBS's "60 Minutes" cor-
respondent Charlie Rose that his company
aims to someday use "octocoptets" to deliver
packages to customers.
In the United States, the conflict over drone use involves First Amendment and
Fourth Amendment freedoms and state and munici ...
Similar to List of Approved MoviesComment by Narbona Jerez, Pamela Title, a.docx (20)
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the.docxcroysierkathey
1. Discuss the organization and the family role in every one of the heritages mentioned about and how they affect (positively or negatively) the delivery of health care.
2. Identify sociocultural variables within the Irish, Italian and Puerto Rican heritage and mention some examples.
References must be no older than 5 years. A minimum of 700 words is required.
.
1. Compare and contrast DEmilios Capitalism and Gay Identity .docxcroysierkathey
1. Compare and contrast D'Emilio's
Capitalism and Gay Identity
with the
From Mary to Modern Woman
reading. What patterns do you see that are similar to the modern American society? What can be said about global notions of gender in the modern age? Feel free to invoke Foucault.
2. How is the writer's experience important in the story being told in
Middlesex
? Describe your reaction to the reading and invoke some of the concepts discussed in the
Queer Theory
reading to try to make sense of sexuality when it does not match your own conventions. Compare both readings, but go deeper to explore your own stereotypes and socialization.
**PLEASE READ THE READINGS IN ODER TO DO THIS ASSIGNMENT.
.
1.Purpose the purpose of this essay is to spread awareness .docxcroysierkathey
1.
Purpose: the purpose of this essay is to spread awareness around stereotyping and how it can be very hurtful to some people.
2.
Audience: Anyone that uses stereotypical jokes or saying around people that are different than them even without realizing that they are making a stereotypical joke or statement.
3.
Genre: the genre that I will be trying to reach out to in this essay will be informational, reason being is that I mainly look at informational online documentaries and stories.
4.
Stance and tone: I’m just a young man who grew up around a lot of people from different places and have different cultures and never paid attention in my younger years to what was happening from stereotyping others that they are different till recently.
5.
Graphic design
: My essay will be a strict academic essay
.
1. Tell us why it is your favorite film.2. Talk about the .docxcroysierkathey
1. Tell us why it is your favorite film.
2. Talk about the interconnection between the aesthetic and the technical aspects of the film. This should include at least seven of the following: Editing, Film Structure, Cinematography, Lighting, Colors, Screenwriting, Special effects, Sound and Music.
3. After this course, will you see you favorite film in a different light? Why or why not?
.
1.What are the main issues facing Fargo and Town Manager Susan.docxcroysierkathey
1.What are the main issues facing Fargo and Town Manager Susan Harlow?
Fargo and Town Manager Harlow are on a slippery slope to corruption. I think that Harlow is handling her position the correct way by trying to remain neutral and sticking to a code of ethics so the problem really comes down to the political actors in the town. It is good that Harlow declined the invite to the dinner party, and cracked down on employees playing politics at work, that is a step in the right direction to removing the possibility of political corruption.
2.What is the basis for your answer to question #1?
At the end of the article Harlow remembers another city manager saying “you never have more authority than the day you walk into your office” What I get from that, and what I think Harlow got from that is that when you come into a position as a public manager everyone is going to want something from you. Political actors are going to want political favors, quid pro quos, you have something that everyone else wants and they are going to try and get that from you.
3.What are your recommended solutions to the problems you identified?
I think the best thing to do would be to continue to try to remain neutral. It will always be impossible to please absolutely everybody so the best thing to do is try to avoid doing everything everyone asks and stick to some sort of code of ethics.
4.What points do you agree, disagree or want further discussion from your fellow classmates and why? (tell them not me)
I think the overarching theme of this article is that people are going to want things from the government. I agree with Harlow's steps to avoid political corruption in her administration by cracking down on political favors with the snow plows and referring to the ICMA code of ethics.
.
1.Writing Practice in Reading a PhotographAttached Files.docxcroysierkathey
This document provides instructions for analyzing a photograph by Jonathan Bachman titled "Bachman, Ieshia Evans, Baton Rouge (2016)". Students are asked to select three rhetorical elements from a provided list and write three paragraphs analyzing how each element contributes to the overall meaning or message of the photograph. Additional context is provided about when and where the photo was taken, and that it was a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize. Students are then given similar instructions to analyze a political advertisement, and to watch and take notes on the documentary film "Advertising and the End of the World" by Sut Jhally. A folder of additional images is also provided for future analysis.
1.Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activitie.docxcroysierkathey
1.Some say that analytics in general dehumanize managerial activities, and others say they do not. Discuss arguments for both points of view.
2.What are some of the major privacy concerns in employing intelligent systems on mobile data?
3. Identify some cases of violations of user privacy from current literature and their impact on data science as a profession.
4.Search the Internet to find examples of how intelligent systems can facilitate activities such as empowerment, mass customization, and teamwork.
Note: Each question must be answered in 5 lines and refrences must be APA cited.
.
1.What is the psychological term for the symptoms James experiences .docxcroysierkathey
1.What is the psychological term for the symptoms James experiences after abstaining from consuming
alcohol? How do changes in the functioning of neurotransmitter systems produce these symptoms?
2.With reference to associative learning principles/models/theories, why does James consume alcohol
to alleviate these symptoms? What motivates his drinking behaviour given that he no longer enjoys this
activity (most of the time)?
3.How do these factors prevent James from quitting his drinking, and lead to a cycle of relapse when he
attempts to do so? Why are these processes important for our understanding of addiction and
substance use disorders.
1 Page
at least 3 sources
APA
.
1.Write at least 500 words discussing the benefits of using R with H.docxcroysierkathey
1.Write at least 500 words discussing the benefits of using R with Hadoop. Use APA format and Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks.
2.Write at least 500 words discussing how insurance companies use text mining to reduce fraud. Use APA format and Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks.
.
1.What is Starbucks’ ROA for 2012, 2011, and 2010 Why might focusin.docxcroysierkathey
1.What is Starbucks’ ROA for 2012, 2011, and 2010? Why might focusing specifically on ROA be misleading when assessing asset management (aka management efficiency)?
2.Why is ROE considered the most useful metric in measuring the overall ability of a business strategy to generate returns for shareholders?
3. How do the financial statements reveal company strategy (i.e., what story do the numbers tell and does that story align with the strategy of Starbucks?)?
.
1. Discuss the cultural development of the Japanese and the Jewis.docxcroysierkathey
This assignment requires discussing the cultural development of the Japanese and Jewish heritage in regards to their health care beliefs and how those beliefs influence evidence-based health care delivery. At least two references no older than five years must be used, and the paper must be a minimum of 600 words excluding the cover page and references.
1. Discuss at least 2 contextual factors(family, peers, school,.docxcroysierkathey
1.
Discuss at least 2 contextual factors(family, peers, school, community, work, etc.) that might make young people more or less likely to experience adolescence as a period of storm and stress.
2. How might the dramatic physical changes that adolescents undergo—and the accompanying reactions from others—influence other aspects of development, such as social or emotional development?
3. Describe some ways in which adolescent decision making is a product of interactions among puberty, brain development, cognitive growth, and contextual influences such as parents, peers, and community.
.
1.Write at least 500 words in APA format discussing how to use senti.docxcroysierkathey
1.Write at least 500 words in APA format discussing how to use sentiment analysis how political speech affects voters. Use at least 3 references in APA format.
2.Read the below article(link below) on statistics for categorical variables. Write at least 500 words in APA format discussing how to use these statistics to help understand big data.
Link: https://uc-r.github.io/descriptives_categorical
.
1.The following clause was added to the Food and Drug Actthe S.docxcroysierkathey
1.The following clause was added to the Food and Drug Act:
“the Secretary [of the Food and Drug Administration] shall not approve for use in food any chemical additive found to induce cancer in man, or, after tests, found to induce cancer in animals.”
After this clause was adopted, no new additives could be approved for use in food if they caused cancer in people or animals.
The public loved this and industry hated it.
What do you think of this clause? Do you support it or do you oppose it?
At the top of your post, please indicate SUPPORT or OPPOSE and then give your rationale. Then after you can view your classmates' posts, make your case to your fellow students.
2.There was a law that individuals who were indigent and who wished to litigate could apply to the courts for a total waiver of the normal filing fee. In the legislative session, however, a statute was enacted which limits the courts' authority to waive filing fees in lawsuits brought by prisoners against the state government.
Under this new law, a court has to require the prisoner to pay a filing fee "equal to 20 percent ... of the average monthly deposits made to the prisoner's [prison] account ... or the average balance in that account", whichever is greater (unless this calculation yields a figure larger than the normal filing fee).
A prisoner (who was indigent) wanted to appeal his case and was to be charged this fee. He filed suit claiming it was unconstitutional to charge this fee to prisoners.
Choose the side of the prisoner or the side of the state and tell why you would rule for the side you chose.
At the top of your post, please indicate SUPPORT PRISONER or OPPOSE PRISONER and then give your rationale. After you can view your classmates' posts, make your case to your fellow students.
3.A defendant pleaded guilty to receiving and possessing child pornography and was sentenced to 108 months in prison. The sentencing judge raised the defendant’s base offense level….by two levels because "a computer was used for the transmission" of the illegal material.
The appeal filed challenged the punishment enhancement (not his guilt of the base punishment.)
The defendant argued the law did not apply to him because he did not use a computer to transmit the material. (ie He was the receiver, not the sender, of the child pornography.)
Do you believe that the sentence enhancement should be upheld? Give an economic analysis and rational for your choice.
At the top of your post, please indicate SENTENCE UPHELD or SENTENCE REVERSED and then give your economic analysis/rationale. After you can view your classmates' posts, make your case to your fellow students.
4.The ordinance was enacted that gives tenants more legal rights including:
the payment of interest on security deposits;
requires that those deposits be held in Illinois banks;
allows (with some limitations) a tenant to withhold rent in an amount reflecting the cost to him of the landlord's v.
1.What are social determinants of health Explain how social determ.docxcroysierkathey
1.What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Give an example of the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.
Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
2. Select a global health issue affecting the international health community. Briefly describe the global health issue and its impact on the larger public health care systems (i.e., continents, regions, countries, states, and health departments). Discuss how health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address global health concerns and some of the stakeholders that work on these issues.
Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question.
.
1.This week, we’ve been introduced to the humanities and have ta.docxcroysierkathey
1.
This week, we’ve been introduced to the humanities and have taken some time to consider the role of the humanities in establishing socio-cultural values, including how the humanities differ from the sciences in terms of offering unique lenses on the world and our reality. Since one of the greatest rewards of being a human is engaging with different forms of art, we’ve taken some time this week to learn about what it means to identify and respond to a work of art. We’ve learned about the difference between abstract ideas and concrete images and concepts like structure and artistic form. To help you deepen your understanding of these foundational ideas, your Unit 1 assignment will consist of writing an essay addressing using the following criteria:
Essay Requirements:
• 1,000 words or roughly four double-spaced pages.
• Make use of at least three scholarly sources to support and develop your ideas. Our course text may serve as one of these three sources.
• Your essay should demonstrate a thorough understanding of the READ and ATTEND sections.
• Be sure to cite your sources using proper APA format (7th edition).
Essay Prompt:
• In this essay, you will consider the meaning of art and artistic form by responding to these questions:
o To what extent does Kevin Carter’s Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph (figure 2-5) have artistic form?
o Using what you’ve learned in Chapters 1, 2 and 14 explain if you consider Carter’s photograph a work of art? Be sure to point to specific qualities of the photograph to support/develop your response.
o How do you measure the intensity of your experience in response to Carter’s photograph? What does it make you see/feel/imagine and how does your response/reaction support Carter’s image as a work of art?
.
1.What are barriers to listening2.Communicators identif.docxcroysierkathey
1.
What are barriers to listening?
2.
Communicators identified the following as major listening poor habits. Search what each poor habit means and try to set an example using your own experience.
Poor listening habit:
Pseudo-listening, Stage hogging, Filling in gaps, Selective listening, Ambushing (
Definition & Example)
.
1.Timeline description and details There are multiple way.docxcroysierkathey
1.
Timeline description and details
: There are multiple ways to construct a timeline. Find one that fits you and your information.
Include 10-15 events, each including the following descriptors:
- titles of books or writings or some sort of identifier
- your age or some time reference
- and whether it was a positive or negative experience
.
1.The PresidentArticle II of the Constitution establishe.docxcroysierkathey
1.
The President
Article II of the Constitution established the institution of the presidency. Select any TWO Presidents prior to 1933 and any TWO Presidents since 1933 and for EACH one:
a.
Discuss
any
expressed
power used by each president and the
impact
that decision had on American society at the time of its use
b.
Explain
whether you
agree/disagree
with the presidential action taken and
WHY
c.
Describe
one
legislative initiative
promoted by each president and the
impact
on America at the
time of its passage
as well as what the impact of that legislation is
TODAY
d.
Discuss
one
executive order
issued by each president and whether you
agree/disagree
with the order and
WHY
1.
Select any FOUR United States Supreme court decisions related to Civil Rights/Civil Liberties and for
each one
:
a.
Describe
the facts of the case
b.
Discuss
the arguments of each side as it pertains to the
Constitutional issue
being addressed
c.
Explain
the decision citing
Constitutional rationale
of the court including any dissenting opinion if not a unanimous verdict
d.
Explain
whether you
agree/disagree
with the court’s decision and
WHY
.
1.What other potential root causes might influence patient fal.docxcroysierkathey
1.
What other potential root causes might influence patient falls?
2.
Equipped with the data, what would you do about the hypotheses that proved to be unsupported?
3.
Based on the correctly identified hypothesis in the case scenario, what would be your course of action if you were the CEO/president of St. Xavier Memorial Hospital?
4.
What do you think of the CNO’s (Sara Mullins) position of “waiting and seeing what the data tells us” instead of immediately jumping to conclusions?
.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
List of Approved MoviesComment by Narbona Jerez, Pamela Title, a.docx
1. List of Approved MoviesComment by Narbona Jerez, Pamela:
Title, author names, and year added by QA based on the
reference entry that was provided for this source. Authors
cannot be acknowledged and a publication date cannot be
included in the reference entry if these items are not displayed
in the document the entry refers to.
Created by Nathan Pritts and James Meetze (2019)
Throughout this class, you will be able to select a film to use as
the basis for your analysis. This is a list of approved choices.
NOTE: If you would like to write about a film that is not on this
list, you must email your professor in advance. If you write
about an unapproved film option in this class you may not
receive credit.
Many of the films on these lists are sourced from the Ten AFI
Top 10 lists, where you will find additional information and
resources. Please note, though, that the different AFI Top 10
lists include films that are not approved.
Courtroom drama
AFI defines "courtroom drama" as a genre of film in which a
system of justice plays a critical role in the film's narrative.
Film
Year
To Kill a Mockingbird
1962
12 Angry Men
1957
Kramer vs. Kramer
1979
The Verdict
1982
A Few Good Men
2. 1992
Witness for the Prosecution
1957
Anatomy of a Murder
1959
In Cold Blood
1967
A Cry in the Dark (Evil Angels)
1988
Judgment at Nuremberg
1961
Epic
AFI defines "epic" as a genre of large-scale films set in a
cinematic interpretation of the past.
Film
Year
Lawrence of Arabia
1962
Ben-Hur
1959
Schindler's List
1993
Gone with the Wind
1939
Spartacus
1960
Titanic
1997
All Quiet on the Western Front
1930
Saving Private Ryan
1998
Reds
1981
The Ten Commandments
1956
3. Fantasy
AFI defines "fantasy" as a genre in which live-action characters
inhabit imagined settings and/or experience situations that
transcend the rules of the natural world.
Film
Year
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
2001
It's a Wonderful Life
1946
King Kong
1933
Miracle on 34th Street
1947
Field of Dreams
1989
Harvey
1950
Groundhog Day
1993
The Thief of Bagdad
1924
Big
1988
Gangster
AFI defines the "Gangster film" as a genre that centers on
organized crime or maverick criminals in a modern setting.
Film
Year
The Godfather
1972
Goodfellas
1990
The Godfather Part II
4. 1974
White Heat
1949
Bonnie and Clyde
1967
Scarface
1932
Pulp Fiction
1994
The Public Enemy
1931
Little Caesar
1931
Scarface
1983
Mystery
AFI defines "mystery" as a genre that revolves around the
solution of a crime.
Film
Year
Vertigo
1958
Chinatown
1974
Rear Window
1954
Laura
1944
The Third Man
1949
The Maltese Falcon
1941
North by Northwest
1959
Blue Velvet
1986
5. Dial M for Murder
1954
The Usual Suspects
1995
Romantic comedy
AFI defines "romantic comedy" as a genre in which the
development of a romance leads to comic situations.
Film
Year
City Lights
1931
Annie Hall
1977
It Happened One Night
1934
Roman Holiday
1953
The Philadelphia Story
1940
When Harry Met Sally...
1989
Adam's Rib
1949
Moonstruck
1987
Harold and Maude
1971
Sleepless in Seattle
1993
Science fiction
AFI defines "science fiction" as a genre that marries a scientific
or technological premise with imaginative speculation.
Film
Year
2001: A Space Odyssey
1968
6. Star Wars
1977
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
1982
A Clockwork Orange
1971
The Day the Earth Stood Still
1951
Blade Runner
1982
Alien
1979
Terminator 2: Judgment Day
1991
Invasion of the Body Snatchers
1956
Back to the Future
1985
Sports
AFI defines "sports" as a genre of films with protagonists who
play athletics or other games of competition.
Film
Year
Raging Bull
1980
Rocky
1976
The Pride of the Yankees
1942
Hoosiers
1986
Bull Durham
1988
The Hustler
1961
Caddyshack
7. 1980
Breaking Away
1979
National Velvet
1944
Jerry Maguire
1996
Western
AFI defines "western" as a genre of films set in the American
West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, and the demise of
the new frontier.
Film
Year
The Searchers
1956
High Noon
1952
Shane
1953
Unforgiven
1992
Red River
1948
The Wild Bunch
1969
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
1969
McCabe & Mrs. Miller
1971
Stagecoach
1939
Cat Ballou
1965
8. 7
SECURITY THREATS DUE TO THE PROLIFERATION OF
UAS
Key Requirements and Considerations for Mitigating Security
Threats Due to the Proliferation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
ASCI 530 – Unmanned Aerospace Systems
Research Project
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide
October 22, 2019
Abstract
This research project aims to holistically explore a wide range
of security threats presented by Unmanned Aircraft Systems
(UAS) to respective civilian and military entities as well as the
potential consequences that could arise in case of negligence.
Furthermore, the viability of the current traffic management
system as well as potential loopholes within existing regulations
and policies will be evaluated to identify whether any
9. amendments to the current framework could be made. In
addition, various technological solutions that could help enforce
anti-UAS measures such as geofencing, radio-frequency signal
jamming and use of predatory interceptors will also be
rationalized as it is critical they are not only cost-effective but
also do not create unintended safety hazards.
Keywords: Drones, Risk Mitigation, Security, Unmanned
Aircraft Systems
Summary
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) present an expansive range
of security threats within the overarching air transportation
system that need to be effectively mitigated in order to ensure
public safety and business continuity. In recent years, there
have been several examples of rogue UAS being utilized in
malicious and irresponsible ways resulting in severe safety and
financial related consequences. Recent cases such as the major
disruptions caused by rogue drones operating in restricted
airspace at key airport hubs such as London Gatwick (LGW) not
only resulted in unrealized revenues in excess of $20 million for
operators such as easyJet, but also the cancellation of over
1,000 flights which impacted roughly 140,000 passengers in the
region (Selinger, 2019). Other security threats in the form of
terrorist attacks, cybersecurity, illegal surveillance,
reconnaissance, smuggling, and mid-air collisions present
further cause for concern for the relevant authorities
(Sathyamoorthy, 2015).
Given the unique challenges presented by UAS and the relative
infancy of the industry itself, an exploratory research design
will be implemented to analyze the related threats and provide a
deeper insight into the root causes and consequences of
regulators not being adequately prepared for such risks. In
addition, the research design fosters a platform for generation
of new thinking and methodologies that will be pivotal in
10. addressing future research problems in the domain. Given the
global nature of these security concerns and the far-reaching
effects not only on the entire aviation ecosystem but also on
national safety, state authorities and militaries simply cannot
afford to neglect this critical area (Sims, 2018). A variety of
internal and external factors contribute to the complexity of the
issue when it comes to mitigating the relevant threats while
current controls in the form of contingency strategies and
regulations in place are inadequate in solving these issues
efficiently (Solodov, Williams, Hanaei and Goddard, 2018).
Thus, it will take a collaborative industry-wide effort to
transition beyond the current reactive measures in place to a
more proactive system which has strategic contingencies for
such extenuating circumstances.
Problem Statement
Several studies have highlighted the threat posed due to the
proliferation of UAS and the resulting security related risks to
society. With rapid technological advancement and economies
of scale, UAS are now more affordable and accessible to the
general public and their increasing functionality present a
viable alternative for illegal purposes either due to irresponsible
use or rogue actors. Card (2014) details the potential threats
from a terrorist perspective to a highly developed country such
as the United States and the need for government to utilize
several strategies to address such a fast-emerging threat.
Wiesbeck (2015) highlights the current technological solutions
that can be applied to detect, track and control UAS from a
regulatory perspective. However, depending on the situation,
careful consideration needs to be given for each alternative to
avoid spillover effects in the form of additional safety
implications.
The specific problem is that there while there are several
piecemeal solutions available to counter the security risks posed
by UAS, there is a lack of a harmonized framework that enable
authorities to employ contingency plans which systematically
mitigate these threats in the safest, most proactive and efficient
11. manner. In most cases, threats are identified too late and the
risk for collateral damage is extremely high. These are
highlighted by the recent UAS related security breaches in
Europe and the Middle East (Solodov, Williams, Hanaei and
Goddard, 2018). The findings of this research paper could
provide the foundation for a formalized framework between
regulators and help support future use cases and operational
trials that aim to identify optimal response and mitigation
strategies pertaining to UAS related threats.
Significance of the ProblemComment by Rohan Lucas: Rough
draft version – to be expanded upon for final draft
Background
In recent years, several anonymous UAS security incidents have
given state authorities some serious food for thought when it
comes to the management and policing of rogue unmanned
aircraft. This is an issue that is two-fold with the first issue
being a severe lack of awareness and knowledge of how to
safely operate UAS, particularly among recreational users. From
smaller UAS that are operated in congested urban environments
that could pose a risk to the general public in the form of
collision or privacy invasion, to more serious incidents such as
operation near airport terminals. Incidents in Dubai, London
Gatwick and Heathrow airports have already resulted in losses
in the tens of millions of dollars and consequently impacted
hundreds of thousands of passengers. Airlines alone were
reported to have suffered over $64.5 million from Gatwick’s 33-
hour closure alone (Detrick, 2019) and aviation stakeholders
risk losing much more if prevention measures are not put in
place.
The second serious and more pressing issue is the intentional
utilization of rogue UAS for terrorism and related criminal
activities with several close calls already taking place in public
events which draw huge crowds. Significant examples include
UAS crash landings at campaign rallies in Germany held by
Chancellor Angel Merkel and a University of Texas game in
12. August 2014 where a unidentified drone hovered over nearly
100,000 football fans. Perhaps the most concerning incident was
in January 2015 where a UAS was able to breach White House
radar and surveillance systems before crash landing into a
connected compound highlighting the ease at which a third
party could penetrate a supposedly secure public vicinity with
lives of the mass public at stake (Sathyamoorthy, 2015). In
addition, drone strikes on nuclear facilities in France and more
recently on Saudi Arabian oil facilities in September 2019 have
raised concerns of international espionage and political agendas
that aim to target opposition states as well. This supports the
initial analysis carried out by Bhattacharjee (2015) who not
only notes the increasing number of countries equipping for
‘modern warfare’ using UAS for counter terrorism but also the
transition of malicious third parties gradually being able to
replicate these systems for illegal purposes.
Related Research and Development
Although majority of related research and development has been
mostly exploratory in nature given the recent proliferation of
UAS, the underlying theme has centered on the steadily
increasing number of security threats and the lack of a
formalized contingency plan. Selinger (2019) acknowledged the
need of several counter measures consisting of various systems
and sensors to be seamlessly integrated in order to build a
robust security framework that is capable of nullifying different
types of threats. Despite several initiatives between regulators
and corporate entities, the study came across similar limitations
due to no industry consensus on what is the optimal strategy in
mitigating UAS security threats.
Analysis by Sims (2018) concluded that militaries need to
continue to dedicate resources in combating militant and
espionage threats especially as non-state actors continue to
refine their UAS capabilities. A potentially effective avenue to
explore would be the possibility of coordination between
military and commercial entities to delve further into research
with the common objective of enhancing technological solutions
13. geared to counter UAS. The author refers to previous research
undertaken by The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
who have investigated UAS counter measures for the US
military with transferable use in complex urban environments.
However, considering the confidentiality pertaining to military
projects, sharing of information would be a major hurdle that
would need to be overcome.
Technological AdvancementsComment by Rohan Lucas: To be
finalized for final draft including analysis of applicability,
affordability and effectiveness of each solution
Technological advancements hold the key to ensuring
contingency plans are robust enough to respond to unforeseen
security threats posed by UAS. In this regard, technology-based
solutions can be categorized based on their functionality of
either detection, tracking or control. Additional analysis on
studies such as those previously carried out by Wiesbeck (2015)
cover a range of solutions including:
· Radio-frequency signal analyzer
· Location tracking of position link and GPS spoofing
· Audio/video detection
· Uncooperative radar (primary surveillance, holographic and
multi-illuminators)
· Electro-optical tracking
· Dynamic Geofencing
· Radio-frequency signal jamming
· WLAN interruptions
· UAS predatory birds and interceptors
· UAS registry database for identification and tracking purposes
· Cybersecurity related measures
Alternative ActionsComment by Rohan Lucas: To be finalized
for final draft.
Further analysis including pros/cons will be added later
There is general consensus that a change to the current security
framework is essential in order to accommodate the
proliferation of UAS in the safest possible way. To address the
14. challenges ahead, two alternative actions have been proposed in
a hybrid approach to ensure adequate mitigation of security
risks.
Amendments to Current Regulatory Framework and Future
Mandates
Regulators need to integrate UAS security related measures into
current policy and regulations to offset domestic and
international threats. This includes mandates that aid regulators
in detection, control and tracking of UAS via different
initiatives such as drone registry databases for example. In
addition, given the potential of international cross border UAS
operations in the near future, building upon best practices,
lessons learned and fostering a collaborative decision-making
culture that aids information management will be key factors
down the line.
Rationalization of Anti-UAS Technological
Solution
s
Given the the range of different threats, a technology agnostic
approach should be taken to ensure the optimal solution is
selected based on the specific conditions and environment as
there is no one size fits all. By ensuring a clear cost benefit
analysis along with guidance would enable the most cost
effective, efficient solution that creates the least number of
unintended safety hazards to be selected more often than not. In
addition, an added benefit is that it would enable the relevant
authorities to enforce manufacturers to follow certain
15. requirements when it come to UAS design as well as the related
security features that could be pre-installed as opposed to
relying on generic commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)
alternatives.
RecommendationsComment by Rohan Lucas: To be finalized for
final draft
Based on the multi-faceted nature of UAS related security
threats, a hybrid approach that extracts the best of the proposed
alternative solutions appears to be the way forward. However,
as UAS operations become increasingly globalized and
sophisticated, it is paramount that security measures in place
are harmonized and technological solutions are interoperable
across different regions. While this will require a gradual
transition due to the infrastructure limitations and resources
available in different parts of the world, counter measures
would not be as effective if governments opt to work in silos
and implement fragmented policies to counter security threats.
ConclusionComment by Rohan Lucas: To be finalized upon
final completion of research draft and preceding sections
To be finalized upon final completion of research draft and
preceding sections
References
Bhattacharjee, D. (2015, April 29). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
and Counter Terrorism Operations. Retrieved from
16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314535499_Unmanned
_Aerial_Vehicles_and_Counter_Terrorism_Operations.
Card, B. (2014, November 12). The Commercialization of
UAVs: How Terrorists Will Be Able to Utilize UAVs to Attack
the United State. Retrieved from
https://www.utep.edu/liberalarts/nssi/_Files/docs/Capstone
projects1/Card_Commercialization-of-UAVs.pdf.
Detrick, H. (2019, January 22). Gatwick's December Drone
Closure Cost Airlines $64.5 million. Retrieved from
https://fortune.com/2019/01/22/gatwick-drone-closure-cost/.
Humphreys, T. (2015, March 16). STATEMENT ON THE
SECURITY THREAT POSED BY UNMANNED AERIAL
SYSTEMS AND POSSIBLE COUNTERMEASURES. Retrieved
from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5452/8b7056e924a3cb368dc87
4fdc11a289d8edf.pdf.
International Air Transport Association. (2018). Key
considerations when protecting manned aviation from drones.
Key considerations when protecting manned aviation from
drones. . International Air Transport Association. Retrieved
from https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/ops-infra/air-traffic-
management/Documents/11 June_Information IATA Position on
Anti-Unmanned Aircraft System (Anti-UAS) Measures.pdf
Lester, E. and Weinert, A. "Three Quantitative Means to
Remain Well Clear for Small UAS in the Terminal Area," 2019
17. Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance
Conference (ICNS), Herndon, VA, USA, 2019, pp. 1-17. doi:
10.1109/ICNSURV.2019.8735171http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezpr
oxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8735
171&isnumber=8735100
Rani, C., Modares, H., Sriram, R., Mikulski, D., & Lewis, F. L.
(2016). Security of unmanned aerial vehicle systems against
cyber-physical attacks. The Journal of Defense Modeling and
Simulation, 13(3), 331–342.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1548512915617252
Sathyamoorthy, D. (2015). A REVIEW OF SECURITY
THREATS OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES AND
MITIGATION STEPS. The Journal of Defence and Security,
6(1), 81-II. Retrieved from
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tid=27203
Selinger, M. (May 2019). COUNTERDRONE CHALLENGES.
Aerospace America. Retrieved from https://advance-lexis-
com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/api/document?collection=new
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00&context=1516831.
Sims, A. (2018). The rising drone threat from terrorists.
Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 19, 97. Retrieved
18. from
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Solodov, A., Williams, A., Hanaei, S. A., & Goddard, B.
(2018). Analyzing the threat of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
to nuclear facilities. Security Journal, 31(1), 305-324.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1057/s412
84-017-0102-5
Wiesbeck, W. (2015, June 17). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles –
UAV, Drones Detection, Tracking, Control. Retrieved from
http://www.terjin.com/dl/summit/Summit2015_10Wiesbeck.pdf.
Running head: BRAIN BASED HUMAN AUTOMATION
DESIGN IN EFFECTIVE UAS OPERATION
2
BRAIN BASED HUMAN AUTOMATION DESIGN IN
EFFECTIVE UAS OPERATION
19. Brain-Based Human Automation Design in Effective UAS
Operation
ASCI 530 – Unmanned Aerospace Systems
Research Project
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide
October 13, 2019
Abstract
The unmanned aircraft system (“UAS”) is of developing
20. significance in aviation. Congruent with this development, UAS
design has encountered design, safety and operational
challenges and brain-based human automation is at the center of
these challenges. Indeed, human factors are transcendent in fact
key to UAS design, even among such critical variables as UAS
maintenance, regulatory issues and safety. Human factors or
human-made errors in UAS design and operation, particularly in
the form of over reliance on automation, can be avoided if they
are foreseen and are well managed. Therefore, through the
deployment of case study analysis and exploratory
investigation, this research paper proposes that brain-based
human automation design in UAS operation can effectively
minimize accidents and incidents caused by human error.
21. Summary
Automation can be defined as the execution by a
machine of a function previously carried out by a human
(Parasuraman & Riley, 1997). The extensive utilization of
automation in complicated applications in the fields of
transportation, process control, decision support systems, and
quality control and maintenance have encouraging
enhancements in system performance, efficiency, and safety
(Bailey et al., 2006). Unmanned aircraft systems (“UAS”) are a
rapidly developing [technology device] which will continue to
develop over time and with the introduction of innovative
technologies. However, with the growth and development of
UAS, comes design and safety challenges. Through the
deployment of case study analysis and exploratory
investigation, this research paper will concentrate on UAS
design and operation and will examine how brain-based human
automation can effectively aid and minimize accidents caused
by human error. In effect, brain-based human automation design
means the assimilation of a human brain interface into the drone
operational system.
In 1996, the Air Force Scientific Board (AFSAB)
identified the human-machine interface as the facet of UAS
design that required the most improvement and development
(Worch et al., 1996). Commercial UAS operational data is
22. poorly recorded and in fact the most substantial source of data
for UAS accident cases comes from the U.S. military. This data
shows that human error has accounted for approximately half of
all UAS mishaps. UAS accidents account for between 28% to
79% of incidents across the U.S. military and 21% to 68%
across all UAS types (Marshall et al., 2016).
There is an integral connection between automation
innovation and human factors in aviation. Human involvement
plays an indispensable role in aviation operating systems,
regardless of whether it in general aviation or automation. The
ability to “detect and avoid” accidents is one of the leading
technical challenges restricting the general operation and
advancement of UAS in non-segregated airspaces (Giovanni et
al., 2016). Accordingly, the human brain-based design is an
exciting arena for analysis since the broad eradication of
human-related errors offers universal benefits, not least in the
areas of work efficiency and safety. Furthermore, in the context
of ATC systems, civil and military UAS operations are currently
subject to restrictions that put significant limits on their
deployment due to safety concerns (Brooker, 2016). The
examination of actual and potential UAS design problems brings
substantial benefits across various governmental agencies who
operate UAS as well as the growing demand for UAS in
commercial aviation.
23. Issue Statement
Human intervention is an indispensable element in aviation,
whether in manned aviation or UAS. The human brain machine
interface is the element of UAS that requires the most
improvement and development (Worch et al., 1996). Therefore,
the specific issue for this research paper is how human error in
UAS operations can be mitigated through design and operational
changes and what recommendations can be put forth to improve
operational safety in the UAS industry as a whole.
Significance of the Issue
24. Unmanned UASs are quickly becoming a part of the national
airspace system (NAS). As UAS begin the transition from
military and hobbyist platforms to commercial applications,
including security monitoring, satellite transport, and cargo
hauling, UAS are naturally becoming part of the national
airspace system (NAS). The development – and indeed the full
realization of UAS in the NAS – mandates careful UAS design
and development in conjunction with the creation of FAA
standards and regulations for UAS operations. The U.S.
military’s experience that mishap rates for UASs are many
times higher than for manned aircraft (Williams, 2004), in fact
over thirty times higher, (Department of Defense, 2001), the
importance of design and operational standards in UAS is clear,
which in turn spotlights human factors in UAS design and
operation.
Human factors are of particular importance in the creation of
UAS flight guidelines. As noted by (Gavron, 1998), UAS flight
presents significant challenges in human factors that transcend
those of manned flight. Such challenges emanate from the fact
that operator and aircraft are not co-located. In other words, the
physical separation of operator and UAS creates noteworthy
impediment to optimum human performance. These
impediments comprise a loss of sensory cues valuable in-flight
control, delays in control and communication, and barriers to
observing the visual environment surrounding the UAS.
25. Moreover, UAS operation poses the challenge of simultaneous
multiple UAS operation by a single operator, a daunting task
which surely places unique and heavy demands on the operator.
Humans factors in UAS operations becomes an issue of
importance as consideration is applied to the nexus between
commercial and military UAS operation. Proposed commercial
uses for UASs include meteorological data collection; border
surveillance; search and rescue; disaster monitoring; traffic
monitoring; and telecommunications relay. This increased
density of commercial UAS must be seen in light of the current
reality that military UASs increasingly traverse through civilian
airspace during the course of their deployment. The varied
nature of UAS military mission characteristics (from line-of-
sight communications to over-the-horizon communications, for
example) raise the specter of communications delays between
operator and vehicle with a corresponding impact on UAS
human factors. UAS operators will likely be required to make
frequent control inputs, adjusting flight scope or selecting new
waypoints in response to developing mission strategy or flight
conditions in some applications, whereas in others, UAS flight
path will be predetermined and modification less common,
reducing the frequency for operators to intervene in flight
control operations, which in turn allows for greater reliance on
automated vehicle guidance.
Background
26. To understand the importance of human brain automation in
UAS, it is important to step back and consider some
fundamentals in human error and ways in which the risks posed
by such human factors can be mitigated. As we apply these
fundamentals to risk in UAS operation, some understanding of
the use of management systems to obviate such risk is pertinent
to my research topic.
Nearly all accidents result from human error. This phenomenon
arises from the fact that humans govern and accomplish all of
the activities necessary to control the risk of accidents. Not
only do humans cause accidents by making errors directly
related to the UAS operation process itself, but such errors are
caused by the creation of in the design and the implementation
of management systems (such as chain of authority,
accountability, procedures, feedback and continual improvement
provisions). Ultimately these management systems govern the
human error rate directly contacting or directly influencing the
process. The process-related activities where errors have the
most influence include process design, engineering and
operation, predicting safeguards necessary to control the risk at
an acceptable level and sustaining these safeguards for the life
of the process, maintaining, inspecting and repairing the process
and managing process changes.
At its most basic, there are two types of human error: errors of
omission and errors of commission. These errors can occur
27. inadvertently or because the worker believes his way is a better
way. Intentional errors are considered as errors in judgment.
While some may believe a lack of risk awareness causes such
errors, the reality is that the operator who commits an
intentional error is well aware of the risk. In other words, the
operator believes they know a better way to accomplish a task.
Within UAS operational systems, management process is a
valuable way to manage risk of human factor error. Management
systems control the interaction of people with each other and
with processes and are high level procedures used to control
major operational activities such writing operating procedures,
training employees, evaluating fitness for duty, conducting
incident investigations, etc. If management systems are weak,
layers of protection will fail and accidents will happen. As we
have established, UAS accidents are caused by human error and
Process Safety Management (PSM) is a tool which is focused on
maintaining such human errors at an acceptable degree because:
(1) all accidents happen due to errors made by humans,
premature failure of equipment for example. There is a surfeit
of management systems to control such human error and limit
their safety impact; (2) when management systems have
weakness, near misses can take place occur; and (3) when
enough near misses occur, accidents/losses occur.
Figure 1-1. Controlling Risk Triangle. Reprinted from Process
28. Improvement Institute, Inc. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
Copyright 2019 by PII. Reprinted with permission.
As this graphic illustrates, if an organization does not directly
control risk, the organization cannot directly control quality,
safety, environmental impact, or production to acceptable
levels. An organization must sustainably control Human factors
must be controlled to manage the risk of accidental losses,
which in turn impact UAS safety and operations
Related Research and Development
There are a number of published papers that have engaged in
research similar to my undertaking. These papers, together with
a short analysis of their research and their results is as follows:
Gavron, V.J. (1998). Human factors issues in the development,
evaluation, and operation of uninhabited aerial vehicles. AUVSI
'98: Proceedings of the Association for Unmanned Vehicle
Systems International, 431-438.
The author discusses a number of unique human factors
concerns unique to UAS flight. These include: Data link
dropouts which may unnoticeable to the operator; UAS mission
times may exceed human vigilance capability; Humans can
observe only one stream of images at a time, while many UASs
provide multiple image streams; Operators are sometimes given
with unprioritized lists of multiple of targets (Gavron, 1998).
This may be especially problematic in circumstances where the
operator is asked to control multiple UAVs simultaneously;
29. Manual control of vehicles with time delays is difficult; Control
interface on some systems is poorly designed; Software is not
standardized, even among similar UAS systems (Gavron, 1998).
Proposed military uses for UASs include special operations;
point reconnaissance, cued surveillance, and target acquisition
(Gavron, 1998). Non-military uses are possible in the fields
such as law enforcement, firefighting, agriculture, construction,
archaeology, geology, and postal delivery (Gavron, 1998).
Gunn, D.V., Nelson, W.T., Bolia, R.S., Warm, J.S., Schumsky,
D.A., & Corcoran, K.J. (2002). Target acquisition with UAVs:
Vigilance displays and advanced cueing interfaces. Proceedings
of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual
Meeting, 1541-1545.
The authors note that UAV operators will probably spend much
of their time in supervisory control mode but will be required to
switch to manual control suddenly in response to system
malfunctions, target acquisition, enemy actions, and other
intermittent events (Gunn et.al, 2002). In other words, UAS
operation is a form of vigilance. Subjects flew simulated UAV
missions. In supervisory control mode, they were required to
monitor a stream of digit pairs for a threat warning indicating
the presence of an enemy aircraft (Gunn et.al, 2002). In the
sensory task, the threat warning was signaled by a size
difference between the two digits (Gunn et.al, 2002). In the
cognitive task, the threat warning was signaled by an even-odd
30. digit pairing. False alarms were lower for cognitive than for
sensory displays (Gunn et.al, 2002). Target acquisition times
were shorter for sensory displays than for cognitive. Subjective
workload was higher with cognitive than with sensory displays
(Gunn et.al, 2002).
Nelson, W. T., Anderson, T.R., McMillan, G.R. (2003).
Alternative control technology for uninhabited aerial vehicles:
Human factors considerations. Book chapter.
This research chapter discusses potential alternative control
technologies for UAVs. These include position and orientation
tracking, eye-position tracking, speech recognition, gesture
recognition, and electrophysiological measures (Nelson et.al,
2003). The authors advocate increasingly immersive
environments for UAV pilots, with eventual possibility that
alternative control technologies will replace traditional controls
(Nelson et.al, 2003).
Van Erp, J.B.F., & Van Breda, L. (1999). Human factors issues
and advanced interface design in maritime unmanned aerial
vehicles: A project overview. TNO report TM-99-A004.
Soesterberg, The Netherlands: TNO Human Factors Research
Institute. Report presents a summary of human factors issues in
UAV control, and an overview of relevant research conducted at
the TNO Human Factors Research Institute. The authors assume
that vehicle control will generally be highly automated, and so
focus their discussion on manual control (VanErp et.al, 1999).
31. The authors note that the perceptual information the operator
receives from the remote environment is likely to be degraded
in several ways. Possible consequences for human performance
include poor tracking; difficulty in judging camera, platform,
and target motion; confusion about direction of platform flight;
confusion about viewing direction of camera; disorientation;
degraded situation awareness (VanErp et.al, 1999).
Technological advancements
For the purposes of this research paper, there are two advances
in technology which deserve consideration, Artificial
Intelligence (AI) together with Deep Learning (DL) and human-
machine interfaces (HMIs).
AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent
machines. It is the utilization of computer science to understand
human intelligence and make tasks which would have otherwise
been complex easy to technologically perform (Alan, 2017). In
the context of UAS development, a segment of AI this is
growing in importance is DL. DL is an AI technique that
acquires knowledge through neural network development; a
computer system designed to process information in a manner
similar to the human brain (Alan, 2017). Neural networks can be
taught to identify objects when it is shown many images of a
single type of object. Accordingly, UASs can be trained to
recognize a particular object and distinguish it from other
objects (Alan, 2017).
32. AI reduces redundancies in UAS operation. Conventionally, a
UAS operator travels around an object of interest recording data
in form of pictures to be later reviewed by an expert. In all
likelihood, there is a data shortfall forcing the UAS to perform
multiple missions to capture all the requisite data. With the
evolution in AI, however, this redundancy can be removed.
Platforms such as ANRA’s DroneOSS platform allows the UAS
operator to simply activate the UAS and the platform does the
rest (Alan, 2017). It provides a complete end to end solution
where optimum flight path is designed in order to optimally
capture the most complete digest of data. In turn, this this
allows the UAS to generate and analyze thorough 3D models
based on the captured flight data (Alan, 2017).
In theory, AI in conjunction with numerous sensors can
manipulate a UAS to gather required data while maintaining
safety protocols (Alan, 2017). The UAS can autonomously
employ AI to understand its operational objective independently
of human factors. The UAS can then generate an initial report
midflight right there or upload it consistent with the operator’s
requirements and specifications. Of course, in the context of
human error in UAS operation, the author is not satisfied that
AI offers complete solutions.
HMIs are traditionally considered in the arenas of mobile
entertainment and productivity. HMI innovation has extended to
extend functionality to include interface with and control a wide
33. range of devices and networks, including UAS. Perhaps because
the low cost to entry and network security concerns, hobbyists,
rather than military or commercial uses, have been at the
vanguard of integrating this technology (Dennis et.al, 2015).
The benefits include intuitive use, low cost, supportable using
widely available commercially-off-the-shelf software and
hardware, and capability to provide real-time and low latency
data exchange supporting improved functionality (Dennis et.al,
2015). The limitations on such integration are formidable,
however. The current regulatory landscape in the U.S. is a
considerable barrier to widespread development. Until the
regulatory environment is perfected, progress in HMI research
and testing is uncertain. As the paradigm shifts from complex
software and hardware interactions to simple, ready-to-use
technologies in UAS operation, all options available to
operators must be evaluated (Dennis et.al, 2015).
Alternative Actions
Recommendation
34. References
Alan Phillips (2017). Drones and the Age of Automation.
Retrieved on October 13, 2019,
from https://dronelife.com/2017/09/20/drones-age-
automation/
Bailey, N. R., Scerbo, M. W., Freeman, F. G., Mikulka, P. J., &
Scott, L. A. (2006).
Comparison of a brain-based adaptive system and a
manual adaptable system
for invoking automation. Human Factors, 48(4), 693-
35. 709. Retrieved
from
http://ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/login?url=https://search-
proquest
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com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/216459464?accounti
d=27203
Brooker, P. (2016). Introducing unmanned aircraft systems into
a high reliability ATC
system. The Journal of Navigation, 66(5), 719-735.
doi:
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1017/S037346
3313000337
Dennis A. Vincenzi, Brent A. Twreilliger, David C. Ison
(2015). Unmanned Aerial
System Human-machine Interfaces: New Paradigms in
Command and
Control. Retrieved on October 13, 2019,
from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.139
Department of Defense (2001). Unmanned aerial vehicles
roadmap, 2002-2025. Office of
the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense,
Washington, DC, April 2001.
Gavron, V.J. (1998). Human factors issues in the development,
evaluation, and operation
36. of uninhabited aerial vehicles. AUVSI '98:
Proceedings of the Association
for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International, 431-
438.
Giovanni Migliaccio, Giovanni Mengali and Roberto Galatolo
(2016). A solution to detect
and avoid conflicts for civil remotely piloted aircraft
systems into non-
segregated airspaces. Retrieved on September 6, 2019,
from https://
doi-
org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1177/0954410015625664
Gunn, D.V., Nelson, W.T., Bolia, R.S., Warm, J.S., Schumsky,
D.A., & Corcoran, K.J.
(2002). Target acquisition with UAVs: Vigilance
displays and advanced
cueing interfaces. Proceedings of the Human Factors
and Ergonomics
Society 46th Annual Meeting, 1541-1545.
Marshall, D. M., Barnhart, R. K., Hottman, S. B., Shappee, E.,
& Most, M. T.
(Eds.). (2016). Introduction to unmanned aircraft
systems. Retrieved
from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Nelson, W. T., Anderson, T.R., McMillan, G.R. (2003).
37. Alternative control technology
for uninhabited aerial vehicles: Human factors
considerations. Book chapter.
Parasuraman, R., & Riley, V. (1997). Humans and automation:
Use, misuse, disuse,
abuse. Human Factors, 39, 230-253.
Van Erp, J.B.F., & Van Breda, L. (1999). Human factors issues
and advanced interface design
in maritime unmanned aerial vehicles: A project
overview. TNO report TM-99-
A004. Soesterberg, The Netherlands: TNO Human
Factors Research Institute.
Williams, K. W. (2004). A summary of unmanned aircraft
accident/incident data: Human
factors implications. (Technical report DOT/FAA/AM-
04/24). Washington, DC:
Office of Aerospace Medicine, FAA
Worch, P., J Borky, R Gabriel, W. Hesider, T Swalm, and T.
Wong. (1996). U.S. Air
Force Scientific Advisory Board Report on UAV
Technologies and Combat
Operations (Technical report SAB-TR-96-01).
Washington, DC:
General Printing Office.
38. Your job as a reviewer is to follow the checklist below to give
cogent, professional feedback to
the students whose works you are assigned to review. The
following elements make your
review successful.
the perspective of assessing
the concept as if it could work.
material.
39. the author succeed in this
endeavor. The reviewer should provide additional information
or countering information
from the perspective that more may need to be done or other
angles considered.
will do this).
supporting their concept.
appropriate citation
reference (or references).
The peer review process is intended to mirror constructive
feedback you will be expected to
provide and respond to in the real world, whether you are
refining a new project or identifying
40. new unexplored options. Please perform this review with an
open mind as a professional and
with consideration of how you state your questions or
comments. This process of review and
defense is almost as valuable a learning opportunity as the
assignment.
Rough Draft Peer Review Submission
complete two peer reviews by the following actions:
· "Claim" reviewer responsibility by replying to the
post indicating you will provide review (do this two times). I
already did this…
· Evenly distribute claims on others' work; if a peer already has
several claims, look for those with the fewest to claim yourself.
· Utilize this Peer Review Checklist for points to keep in
mind.(Will upload the checklist)
41. You must complete the two peer reviews by the end of the next
module week (Module 6). Prompt submission of assignments is
of utmost importance.
Each peer review should be at least 250 words with references
to support your point of view.
In your paper,
· Identify your selected film, including writer, director, year of
release, and genre.
· Briefly summarize the film in which you apply your
knowledge of the difference between the film’s story and its
plot.
· Describe one of the broad theories you have learned about in
class (auteur theory, genre theory, formalist theory) and analyze
your selected film through that lens.
· Evaluate the use of three specific techniques and design
elements employed in the film as they contribute to the
overarching narrative and theme of the film. This can include
elements of mise-en-scène (e.g., lighting, sound, composition of
frame, costuming, etc.) and editing (e.g., cuts and transitions,
shots used, angles, etc.).
· Describe the connection between this film and society (i.e.,
politically or culturally, positive or negative) and draw
42. conclusions about its impact.
The Final Film Analysis paper
· Must be five to six double-spaced pages in length (not
including title and references pages) and formatted according to
APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA
Style (Links to an external site.) resource.
· Must include a separate title page with the following:
· Title of paper
· Student’s name
· Course name and number
· Instructor’s name
· Date submitted
For further assistance with the formatting and the title page,
refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external
site.).
· Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links
to an external site.) resource for additional guidance.
· Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your
introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis
statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.
· For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions (Links
to an external site.) as well as Writing a Thesis Statement
(Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center
resources.
· Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the
43. course text.
· The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources
(Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on
appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a
specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact
your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the
appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.
· To assist you in completing the research required for this
assignment, view this Ashford University Library Quick ‘n’
Dirty (Links to an external site.) tutorial, which introduces the
Ashford University Library and the research process, and
provides some library search tips.
· Must document any information used from sources in APA
style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s Citing Within
Your Paper (Links to an external site.) guide.
· Must include a separate references page that is formatted
according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing
Center. See the Formatting Your References List (Links to an
external site.) resource in the Ashford Writing Center for
specifications.