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Content
S.No Category Topic Description
1. Academic Paper
(APA Referencing Style)
Airport
Security
The case study is a review of a
current homeland security issue
and one that affects the US.
Explore some of the lessons
learned from other countries
and how they handle airport
security.
2. Admission Essay
(APA Referencing Style)
Personal
Statement
Paper is as per requirement of
customer for admission in
nursing university.
3. Academic Paper
(Harvard Referencing
Style)
Delhi Pollution
Crisis
Ecological crisis in Delhi. Explain
the history of the event
including how the situation
reached a crisis point.
Document as many sides of the
situation as possible and include
the resolution, if any was
reached, of the crisis.
4. Academic Paper
(MLA Referencing Style)
Emphysema All about emphysema: cause,
treatment, complication, etc.
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Airport Security
Introduction
In the tragic terrorist attack on the morning of September 11, 2001nearly three- thousand
people were killed. It was the structured serial attacks that took place in New York, Pennsylvania
and Virginia at the same time. Until the terrible incident, the supervision and management of
passengers at the airport, even their security during the flight was a matter that was handled by
private security companies. The incident announced the implementation of required speedy
changes in the security department of aviation. Not only this, but the incident was also the cause
of government-operated administration which was created to provide safety to public.
Screening Partnership Program (SPP)
The Aviation Transport Security Act (ATSA) of 2001 conducted a pilot program where
TSA was instructed to include up to five airports, where screening process would be carried by
private contractors under central oversight. And it is then in 2004at the conclusion of the pilot,
SPP was created by TSA. Presently there are 21 airports that have been bestowed an agreement
and are participating in the program (Kettl, 2013). San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is
one of the largest airports taking part in the SPP. SFO holds deal with Covenant Aviation
Security which is a private company, to run screening of the traveller.SFO is one of the 21
airports participating in the SPP as discussed above (SFO, 2016). Millions of passengers are
processed at SFO where their facility and security record shows that using a private security
company is effective.
Government in Control
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The security of airport when run by government holds benefits as well as some
drawbacks too. Since the aim of government is to protect and safeguard the life of customers,
and not to earn therefore, first advantage in this respect is that TSA prefers safety over profit and
money, and never put security at stake. But government run programs for example TSA takes
money from the tax payers. The annual budget of TSA in 2014 was $7.9 billion, which was
overwhelmingly incredible amount (Golash-Boza, 2015). The amount was spent on the
procurement equipment that was found setting unused for years in storage (Joint Majority Staff
Report, 2012). This aspect points towards the disadvantage of governmental control and botched
choices by government security agencies.
Private Sector
As for private sector airport security is run by the excellence of facility for revenue. Such
companies work with particular incentives and goals where the staffs are mostly made to work to
achieve these goals. In the private sector the issue associated with government control does not
apply as they no longer do so for the communal facility. Furthermore, in the case of private
sector there are no governmental strains of politics, that can affect the decision making (Golash-
Boza, 2015). So, decisions are made for the profit increment. In regard with economic point of
view, if a company proves to be marketable then investors often assist the company in becoming
an efficacious part of stock exchange. Another aspect is that these companies don’t have a
financial plan equivalent to government-funded agencies. Therefore, privatized security may
counter difficulties in attaining all the essential equipment, in recruitment, and training to uphold
a harmless environment for the public.
Airport Security as Compared to other country
The Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv has the top most secure and safest
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airport coordination and management in the world. They take pride on their advanced security
system. Though, the airport has been the attacked several times, but no incident of hijacking a
plane at departure from Ben Gurion International airport has ever succeeded. The security
officials at Ben Gurion engage every passenger in at least short conversation. The security at
Israeli airport is vigilant, always stays alert and observant (Gerstenfeld, & Berger, 2011). The
officials continually monitor behavior, are prepared to threatening clues. Profilers, make a point
of conversing with travelers, sometimes not involving too much. They do so to examine anything
unusual, or anything that is unfit. Their interrogations can seem strange or disturbing or at times
off-putting.
Security at Ben Gurion in comparison to U.S. airports is predominantly an essential thing
after getting clearance for their flights and submission of belongings, passengers at U.S airports
go through security procedures, however at Ben Guinos it’s the opposite where a traveler needs
to satisfy the profiler with any kind of risks to the security at airport. By that point, there is no
need to make him remove his shoes, or to confiscate his bottle of water (Gerstenfeld, & Berger,
2011).For such excellent, managed security system as the Israeli airport, the U.S. must
standardize their airport. In this time of violence the U.S. is posed with serious security threats
and it can be an easy target of any intense incidence.
The airport security of America should be as of the White House; where a single person
is not afforded to slip into the cracks. Terrorists are observing, learning, inspecting, prodding and
examining, to find any fragility in our security system which may serve facilitating factor to
outbreak. No significant improvements have been made since 9/11; the airports in the U.S are
still not entirely protected. The U.S. needs to incorporate improved technology and expertise to
beat the extremists. In this regard the Ben Gurion International airport that has the Magshoe
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serves as best example (Gerstenfeld, & Berger, 2011). The MagShoe is the modern security
addition to Israel airport. Magshoe are the portable devices that are installed at the terminal at the
security check points. The system examines both shoes simultaneously. What the passenger does
is that they step on to the MagShoe device and still, when the passenger is on device the shoes
are scanned. MagShoe will reduce the time it takes to go through security, making travel a little
easier for travelers, while lessening the amount of security personnel needed (Kettl, 2013).
Airports security must be expanded to the outside of the airport. They need to protect the
limits of the airports as sensitive area where no one is allowed to capture pictures or make
videos. That will provide assistance or guidance or clear way to terrorist of arriving and
departing planes. Furthermore, people must not be allowed to stay at airport to sit or stand
without any purpose as they can observe happenings and running mechanism at the airport.
There is no security in this particular area of the airport; no law enforcement, no airline security,
no traveling guards or patrols.
Conclusion
It is a consented idea that public majority approves of privatize aviation security. Many
passengers do not see the benefit of using tax money for an agency that performs equal to
contracted companies. Private companies are effective in operating and being able to outdo the
government with superiority of security being provided where the examples are large airports
like SFO. Politics will remain involved running the TSA through the DHS for as long as the
government is in charge. The selections of the administrators within the program made have led
to an adverse viewpoint on the operations of the TSA. Media coverage of theft of airport
property, signify the black sheep of which they were searching, have stained the program further.
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References
Gerstenfeld, A., & Berger, P. D. (2011). A decision-analysis approach for optimal airport
security. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 4(1), 14-21.
Golash-Boza, T. M. (2015). Immigration nation: Raids, detentions, and deportations in post-
9/11 America. Routledge.
Joint Majority Staff Report (2012) doi: http://oversight.house.gov/wp-
content/uploads/2012/05/5-9-2012-Joint-TSA-Staff-Report-FINAL.pdf
Kettl, D. F. (2013). System under stress: Homeland security and American politics. Sage.
San Francisco International Airport, (2016) http://www.flysfo.com/about-sfo/safety-security
Transportation Security Administration, (2016) http://www.tsa.gov/about-tsa/history
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Personal Statement
When I look at the nursing profession all I see is respect. At times nursing profession is
hectic and challenging but on the same time when patient gets well same profession is fulfilling
and rewarding. I think in nursing profession one has to be empathetic, good listener, keen to
learn new things and improve themselves. Nursing is all about understanding need of other
people without being biased. I have a faith that i have all the qualities mention above and as a
nurse i will keep on improving myself.
Nursing is a profession that I wanted to be part of on the grounds that medical caretakers
characterize the spirit of compassion and caring. Everybody has values, plans and convictions
that are special and not quite the same as others. One extraordinary test in the nursing field is the
manner by which to properly join our own particular qualities and convictions into the
professional practice. Distinguishing the values that are most paramount will enormously impact
an individual's nursing practice. I consider and worth nursing as understanding a patients’
necessities and circumstances, seeing the individual as an interesting person and approaching the
individual with deference and respect. The solid association between a patient and attendant
characterize chances to investigate and apply personal qualities. My nursing goals are to help,
encourage pick up and keep up wellbeing and mending for our patients as well as families also.
My vision for nursing practice concentrates on what is doing what is most valuable to my
patient. I want to make caring, trusting associations with my patients and also assume a positive
part in their wellbeing. I hold vision to that to meet personal, emotional and physical needs of my
patients there would be individualize care. I generally need to esteem every patient as an
individual and appreciation his or her needs and respect. My objective is to engage every patient
to be dynamic in their care with expectations of enhancing patient results. Personally, I might
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want to keep on practicing nursing care that is consistent with the best confirmation to date, and
keep on inquiring about and find better methods for doing things. My vision of my nursing
practice is to convey quality and solid patient forethought while advertising wellbeing in my
group.
I also believe that with great power comes great responsibility. Field of nursing is tough
as people entrusted their life to the professional in this field. For that reason, I firmly have faith
that it is my responsibility to make the best and all around explored choices especially in life
threatening circumstances. I believe in team work and I accept that with the assistance of my
seniors and other experts, I will have the capacity to perform stunningly better. I am dependable,
reliable, persevering and amiable. My passion for nursing field is unquestionable. I hope you will
give me opportunity to get one step closer towards fulfilling my dream.
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Delhi Pollution Crisis
Introduction
Worldwide interest for energy has dependably been expanding. The measure of energy
expected to viably meet the energy needs has been hard to meet for quite a while. Because of this
irregularity, there are distinctive ways that have been conceived to guarantee that energy demand
is being dealt with in the best way. The structures that have been made to address energy needs
have both negative and positive ramifications regarding the earth. While nations around the
globe are effectively required in taking care of their energy requirements, this paper will
concentrate on Delhi.
Discussion
Delhi is the union domain of India. New Delhi, which is the capital of India additionally,
is in Delhi. As per specialists, the quality of Delhi air has been 45 percent more dirtied than the
air in Beijing by the database past few years (Kumar, 2009). The urban air distributed by the
World Health Organization in September 2011 reported that Delhi has surpassed the greatest
furthest reaches of PM10 - the very nearly 10 times in 198 g/m3.Studies on air contamination
and mortality in Delhi observed that all common reasons for mortality and bleakness expanded
with expanding air pollution. Disclosure to traffic exhaust, mechanical emanations, development
dust, blazing trash and different wellsprings of contamination stance genuine wellbeing dangers,
including an expanded danger of growth, stroke and coronary illness. Around 700,000
individuals bite the dust every year in India as an aftereffect of harmful air quality, and
specialists say the figure is prone to increment in the coming decades (Srinivasan, 2014).
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Today, Delhi has around 7.5 million enlisted vehicles and is including more than 1,400
new vehicles each day. Throughout 1990, the administration did not pay consideration on the
atmosphere. Around then, the fundamental center of the legislature was growing as opposed to
environment. In late 1990, the administration chose to acquaint metro administrations in Delhi
with location the issue of contamination (Energy in demand, 2015). Keeping in mind the end
goal to assemble the railroad, the government cut a huge number of trees in the Delhi district. To
some degree, coal based power plants are additionally in charge of air contamination in Delhi. In
Delhi, there is no atomic power plant. Nor there is any hydroelectric plant. The vast majority of
the power utilized as a part of Delhi is produced by coal. As indicated by the Ministry of
Environment and Forests of India, the aggregate commitment of coal power plants in pollution in
Delhi is around 12% (Kumar, 2009).
As of late, the government has taken numerous measures, for example, fixing of the of
mass outflow of new vehicles, a prohibition on vehicles 15 years old and arrangement of mobile
enforcement in different areas for observing contaminating vehicles and vehicles that don't have
authentications PUC (Firdaus, & Ahmad, 2010). Be that as it may, all these strides are weak to
accomplish their objectives. Still, in Delhi the level of pollution is expanding each year.
There are a few courses by which the population level can be controlled in Delhi. To
begin with, the government ought to preclude the development of diesel vehicles in the district of
Delhi. As indicated by Delhi traffic police, between 8 pm and 6 am, approximately 80,000
vehicles make a trip through Delhi to minimal more than two every second. Environmentalists
trust these diesel fueled vehicles represent 60 percent of significant air poisons spewed on the
grounds that the vast majority of them don't stick to the measures of vehicle outflows. A
considerable lot of these vehicles are 10 years of age. The majority of them keep running on the
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blend of lamp oil and diesel to spare money. In Delhi, numerous individuals use diesel autos like
the diesel is less expensive than fuel. This practice must be ceased. Vehicles having diesel
motors transmit higher smoke contains nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (cancer-
causing agent that causes disease) than their fuel partners (Kumar, & Foster, 2009).The
government ought to force extra tax on selling of diesel vehicles. Individuals will be demotivated
to purchase diesel autos.
Specialists trust that the fundamental purpose for the high pollution in Delhi is trucks. All
trucks entered the Delhi keep running on diesel. Most trucks come in Delhi overnight,
accordingly, the level of pollution in Delhi get expanded long time in the early hours of the
morning. This year, the fatal RSPM or PM10 (respirable suspended particulate matter) noticeable
all around in Delhi was recorded at 316 µg/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter) (Energy in
demand, 2015). The passable furthest reaches of RSPM or PM10 as per worldwide guidelines is
40 µg /m3. Likewise, the government should also boycott autos running on Euro II and Euro I
(Srinivasan, 2014).
It has been observed that not at all like different countries, public transport framework in
Delhi is exceptionally frail. The condition of the streets in Delhi is awful. The transports are not
on time. No different tracks for cycles. The metro venture will moderate pace. Keeping in mind
the end goal to defeat the issue of pollution, the government needs to fortify public transport
framework. More environment friendly buses in the Delhi should be introduced by government.
The government ought to manufacture separate tracks for the cycle. The government ought to
urge individuals to utilize cycles rather than motorbikes or autos for short routes. Around 67% of
the aggregate contamination is spread by just the vehicle (Firdaus, G., & Ahmad, 2010). The
government ought to move towards renewable vitality sources to meet its vitality needs. In Delhi,
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there is tremendous capability of solar energy. Likeness can likewise utilize wind energy to
deliver electricity. Population is one of the primary issues of Delhi. The government ought to
build more cities closer to Delhi.
Conclusion
No strategy could succeed without the backing of the common people. On the off chance
that the government needed to enhance the air in Delhi, then it must have the backing of the
people of Delhi. As of late, the government banned diesel vehicles 10 year of age in Delhi, yet
the choice neglected to support the community subsequently government turn around its choice.
Consequently, it is imperative for the government to teach individuals of Delhi, about the unsafe
impacts of pollution on wellbeing and the earth.
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References
Energy in demand (2015); The blame game underway for Delhi's air pollution crisis; Retrieved
from, http://energyindemand.com/2015/04/11/the-blame-game-underway-for-delhis-air-
pollution-crisis/
Firdaus, G., & Ahmad, A. (2010). Management of urban solid waste pollution in developing
countries. International Journal of Environmental Research, 4(4), 795-806.
Kumar, N., & Foster, A. D. (2009). Air quality interventions and spatial dynamics of air
pollution in Delhi and its surroundings. International journal of environment and waste
management, 4(1-2), 85-111.
Kumar, S. (2009); Environmental Protection; New Delhi: Northern book center. (n.d.). Retrieved
from, http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/managingair_pdf.pdf
Srinivasan, J. (2014). Is particulate air pollution a price we must pay for progress? Current
Science, 107(8), 1219-1220.
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[Writer Name]
[Subject]
[Date]
Emphysema
Introduction
Emphysema is endless irreversible lungs illness that slowly damages the lungs, and in
United States is the most widely recognized reason for death from respiratory malady.
Emphysema is first and foremost caused by smoking cigarette; more than 82% of cases create as
of overwhelming smoking (Sciurba, Frank et al, and 1233-1244). Emphysema patient’s
prognosis are exceptionally poor due to emphysema is an endless genuine sickness as well as it
cannot be control.
Emphysema
Emphysema is a constant lung malady wherein the alveoli in the lungs turn out to be
more stretched, damaging the flexible strands that close and open the air sacks amid inhalation.
Air sacs surface area exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen and get to be littler from the sacs
being little stretchy due to this the process of exhaling out carbon dioxide become difficult after
taking in. By reason of this carbon dioxide (in the blood) take place of oxygen (air) (Sciurba,
Frank et al, 1233-1244). In lungs air sacs are extremely delicate. Harm to the air sacs is
permanent. At long last emphysema will create eternal gaps in the lower lungs tissues. It is a
degenerative ailment that typically creates after numerous years of strike in lung tissue.
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Bronchioles interfacing the alveoli are harmed as the dividers walls lose versatility. This together
makes abatement in respiratory working and cause breathlessness (Criner, Gerard, 881-893).
Causes
Smoking is the main cause of emphysema. Something like 82% of cases of emphysema
are due to heavy smoking for around 20 – 30 years (Mouded, Majd, et al, 407-414). Lungs cells
are damage because of cigarette smoking. Generals warning on each pack of cigarettes are given
that smoking can cause emphysema, cancer, heart disease because cigarettes contain carbon
monoxide. Beside cigarette smoking emphysema is also caused by protein deficiency (rare
heredity form know as alpha 1), occupational exposure to irritants and air pollution. In these
cases cigarette utilization is also joined (Mouded, Majd, et al, 407-414). Somewhere around 80
and 90% surprisingly with emphysema are chain smokers. It is evaluated somewhere around
50,000 and 100,000 Americans are suffering from emphysema.
Symptoms
In the early stages of there can be no symptoms as warning sign take place slowly. Sign
of Emphysema can be difficulty in breathing that become more serious over the years (Cottin,
153-157). Difficulty in breathing, coughing constantly and weight reduction are also symptoms
of emphysema. Wheezing is typically the principal evident sign that there might be some kind of
problem with the lungs (Cottin, 153-157). In any case, at long last, shortness of breath gets to be
continual. Different signs incorporate a coughing constantly that does not leave or a great deal of
bodily fluid in the lungs that does not resolve, intermittent repetitive diseases of the lungs or
bronchi (Mouded, Majd, et al, 407-414).
Diagnostic Tests
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Chest radiographs in cutting edge sickness might demonstrate a straightened diaphragm,
diminished in the lung fringe, amid air circulation of the lungs, an upright heart, augmented
anteroposterior mid-section distance across vascular markings, and huge space retrosternal air
(Sciurba, Frank et al, 1233-1244).
Through pulmonary function tests doctors can see greater than before residual amount
and aggregate lung limit, decreased dispersion limit, and expanded aspiratory stream (Yamada,
et al, 2118-2126).
Eymmetrical P waves in leads II, III, along with aVF; QRS vertical pivot; and indications
of right ventricular hypertrophy toward the end of the sickness can be revealed through the
electrocardiogram (Yamada, et al, 2118-2126). Red platelet number for the most part
demonstrates a larger amount of hemoglobin end of the illness when the patient has constant
extreme hypoxia.
Treatment
First and foremost treatment for emphysema is that person should emphysema. There are
additionally a few treatment alternatives, including bronchodilator medication that unwind the
muscles around the aviation routes in the lungs, calming drugs (corticosteroids) that can alleviate
and recuperate the aviation routes, oxygen treatment, which includes more oxygen into the blood
and can drag out the life of the long haul suffering (Criner, Gerard, 881-893). Doctor might
likewise recommend anti-infection agents and/or steroids in times of intense agony or different
contaminations. Doctors can likewise endorse meds to lessen or separate bodily fluid in the lungs
(Criner, Gerard, 881-893). Exercise is as well a key to dealing with the ailment, furthermore
most specialists will recommend breathing activities, other than working out. There are likewise
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two surgical medicines that can be utilized as a part of some intense cases. Lung lessening
surgery expels or hinders from the influenced part of the lung, so littler however more useful
lung, and can offer the individuals who some assistance with needing oxygen for their ailment
(Criner, Gerard, 881-893). Lung transplants should likewise be possible in compelling cases, yet
it is exceptionally uncommon due to the dangers connected with transplant surgery. Whereas for
emphysema there are numerous treatment choices that can control the illness, other than
emphysema cannot be cured, as well as it keeps on developing with the age of patient's.
Complication
Some complication while the treatment in emphysema may incorporate infection in
respiratory tract, respiratory failure, as well as cor pulmonale (Criner, Gerard, 881-893). Around
20% to 25% of patients with emphysema are also hit by Peptic ulcer illness. Besides, vesicles
and rankles might break alveolar, bringing about unconstrained pneumomediastinum or
pneumothorax (Criner, Gerard, 881-893).
Conclusion
People suffering from emphysema give away their life in slow and extremely painful
way. For every breath they have to fight hard. Everything even talking and breathing toll on
breathing. While eating and talking individuals need to rest regularly. At all times inhalers are
required to be inside instant reach. For people with Emphysema even second hand smoke unsafe.
Understanding that emphysema is a torment passing is one thing that people in general should
know about. If people have known or been around somebody with this horrifying malady, it is
hard to comprehend the seriousness of a sickness truly is. The primary approach to counteract
getting one of emphysema is no smoking as well as stay away from second hand smoke.
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Works Cited
Cottin, Vincent. "The impact of emphysema in pulmonary fibrosis." European Respiratory
Review 22.128 (2013): 153-157.
Criner, Gerard J., et al. "The National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) part II: lessons
learned about lung volume reduction surgery." American journal of respiratory and
critical care medicine 184.8 (2011): 881-893.
Mouded, Majd, et al. "Epithelial cell apoptosis causes acute lung injury masquerading as
emphysema." American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 41.4 (2009):
407-414.
Sciurba, Frank C., et al. "A randomized study of endobronchial valves for advanced
emphysema." New England Journal of Medicine 363.13 (2010): 1233-1244.
Yamada, Yoshitake, et al. "Tomosynthesis for the early detection of pulmonary emphysema:
diagnostic performance compared with chest radiography, using multidetector computed
tomography as reference."European radiology 23.8 (2013): 2118-2126.
