Liposomes 1sem ppt
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This document provides an overview of liposomes, including their definition as concentric spheres of lipid bilayers separated by aqueous compartments, classifications, components, preparation methods, applications, and marketed preparations. It discusses how liposomes are formed and characterized, and lists their advantages in controlled drug delivery and stabilization of compounds as well as disadvantages like short shelf life. Preparation techniques covered are mechanical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and freeze-thaw sonication methods. Applications include drug delivery and textile processing, while example marketed liposomal drugs are Doxil and Daunoxome.
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This document discusses liposomes, which are a novel drug delivery system. Liposomes are composed of phospholipids and cholesterol and can encapsulate drugs. They have several advantages like improved drug solubility and protection of drugs but also disadvantages like high production costs and potential drug leakage. Liposomes are classified based on their structure, composition, method of preparation, and application. Various preparation methods are described including mechanical dispersion, solvent deposition, and detergent removal techniques. Liposomes have many uses and applications in drug delivery.
Liposomas as novel drug delivery
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can be used to improve drug delivery. They can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and help increase drug efficacy by protecting drugs, targeting drugs to specific tissues, and modifying drug release properties. Various modifications have been made to liposomes to actively or passively target drugs and alter their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Several liposomal drug formulations are currently approved or in clinical trials for diseases such as cancer, fungal infections, and genetic disorders.
Presentation1
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate drugs for delivery. They range in size from 20nm to several micrometers. Liposomes offer advantages over traditional delivery methods such as protecting drugs, prolonging drug effects, and targeting delivery. Drugs are encapsulated within the aqueous core or embedded within the lipid bilayers of liposomes. Several liposomal drug formulations are currently used with improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared to non-liposomal drugs.
motiei2016
1) Chitosan was grafted with hydrophobic amino acids (alanine, proline, tryptophan) using carbodiimide chemistry to produce amphiphilic chitosan nanocarriers.
2) These nanocarriers were characterized and found to self-assemble into spherical nanoparticles able to encapsulate the hydrophobic drug letrozole.
3) Drug release profiles, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and cytotoxicity were evaluated and found to depend on the type of grafted amino acid.
Nanotechnology in herbal medicine
This document discusses various pharmaceutical delivery systems including phytosomes, phospholipids, liposomes, nanochelates, and vesosomes. Phytosomes are herbal extracts attached to phosphatidylcholine to increase absorption rates. Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipids that can be used to deliver drugs and nutrients. Nanochelates are a novel delivery system that entrap drug molecules in a multilayered structure for improved stability and reduced toxicity. Vesosomes contain internal unilamellar vesicles for localized drug delivery and an extended drug effect. These delivery systems can improve the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs including herbal molecules.
Stability aspects of liposomes
The document discusses the stability aspects of liposomes. It notes that liposome stability can be classified as physical, chemical, or biological. Physical stability is determined by factors like particle size, lipid composition, and aggregation/fusion of liposomes. Chemical stability depends on the oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids over time. Biological stability relates to how liposomes interact with plasma components. Several methods to improve liposome stability are discussed, such as controlling size and lamellarity, lipid selection, drug loading techniques, lyophilization, and antioxidant addition. Other vesicle types like niosomes and transfersomes are also summarized briefly in terms of their composition, uses, and stability issues.
Liposomes
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous core is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids.
Liposomes are spherical microscopic vesicles consisting phospholipids bilayers which enclose aqueous compartments.
The size of a liposome ranges from some 20 nm up to several micrometers.
Liposomes were first produced in England in 1961 by Alec D. Bangham, who was studying phospholipids and blood clotting.
Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV), 25 to 100 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer
Large unilamellar vesicle (LUV), 100 to 500 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer
Multilamellar vesicle (MLV), 200 nm to several microns, that consist of two or more concentric bilayer
Biodegradable polymers as drug carriers
This document discusses biodegradable polymers for drug delivery applications. It provides background on limitations of non-degradable systems and advantages of biodegradable polymers, which degrade into non-toxic components and avoid need for device removal. Common biodegradable polymers used are poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and their copolymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide), which degrade via hydrolysis of bonds between monomers. These polymers were first developed as degradable sutures and have since been widely used to provide controlled release in applications like contraception and cancer treatment.
Recommended
Presentation
This document discusses liposomes, which are a novel drug delivery system. Liposomes are composed of phospholipids and cholesterol and can encapsulate drugs. They have several advantages like improved drug solubility and protection of drugs but also disadvantages like high production costs and potential drug leakage. Liposomes are classified based on their structure, composition, method of preparation, and application. Various preparation methods are described including mechanical dispersion, solvent deposition, and detergent removal techniques. Liposomes have many uses and applications in drug delivery.
Liposomas as novel drug delivery
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can be used to improve drug delivery. They can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and help increase drug efficacy by protecting drugs, targeting drugs to specific tissues, and modifying drug release properties. Various modifications have been made to liposomes to actively or passively target drugs and alter their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Several liposomal drug formulations are currently approved or in clinical trials for diseases such as cancer, fungal infections, and genetic disorders.
Presentation1
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate drugs for delivery. They range in size from 20nm to several micrometers. Liposomes offer advantages over traditional delivery methods such as protecting drugs, prolonging drug effects, and targeting delivery. Drugs are encapsulated within the aqueous core or embedded within the lipid bilayers of liposomes. Several liposomal drug formulations are currently used with improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared to non-liposomal drugs.
motiei2016
1) Chitosan was grafted with hydrophobic amino acids (alanine, proline, tryptophan) using carbodiimide chemistry to produce amphiphilic chitosan nanocarriers.
2) These nanocarriers were characterized and found to self-assemble into spherical nanoparticles able to encapsulate the hydrophobic drug letrozole.
3) Drug release profiles, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and cytotoxicity were evaluated and found to depend on the type of grafted amino acid.
Nanotechnology in herbal medicine
This document discusses various pharmaceutical delivery systems including phytosomes, phospholipids, liposomes, nanochelates, and vesosomes. Phytosomes are herbal extracts attached to phosphatidylcholine to increase absorption rates. Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipids that can be used to deliver drugs and nutrients. Nanochelates are a novel delivery system that entrap drug molecules in a multilayered structure for improved stability and reduced toxicity. Vesosomes contain internal unilamellar vesicles for localized drug delivery and an extended drug effect. These delivery systems can improve the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs including herbal molecules.
Stability aspects of liposomes
The document discusses the stability aspects of liposomes. It notes that liposome stability can be classified as physical, chemical, or biological. Physical stability is determined by factors like particle size, lipid composition, and aggregation/fusion of liposomes. Chemical stability depends on the oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids over time. Biological stability relates to how liposomes interact with plasma components. Several methods to improve liposome stability are discussed, such as controlling size and lamellarity, lipid selection, drug loading techniques, lyophilization, and antioxidant addition. Other vesicle types like niosomes and transfersomes are also summarized briefly in terms of their composition, uses, and stability issues.
Liposomes
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous core is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids.
Liposomes are spherical microscopic vesicles consisting phospholipids bilayers which enclose aqueous compartments.
The size of a liposome ranges from some 20 nm up to several micrometers.
Liposomes were first produced in England in 1961 by Alec D. Bangham, who was studying phospholipids and blood clotting.
Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV), 25 to 100 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer
Large unilamellar vesicle (LUV), 100 to 500 nm in size that consist of a single bilayer
Multilamellar vesicle (MLV), 200 nm to several microns, that consist of two or more concentric bilayer
Biodegradable polymers as drug carriers
This document discusses biodegradable polymers for drug delivery applications. It provides background on limitations of non-degradable systems and advantages of biodegradable polymers, which degrade into non-toxic components and avoid need for device removal. Common biodegradable polymers used are poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and their copolymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide), which degrade via hydrolysis of bonds between monomers. These polymers were first developed as degradable sutures and have since been widely used to provide controlled release in applications like contraception and cancer treatment.
Microemulsion – A Potential Carrier for Improved Bioavailability
This document summarizes microemulsions and their potential as drug delivery systems to improve oral bioavailability. Key points:
- Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant that can solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs. Their small droplet size (<100 nm) allows improved drug absorption.
- Around 40% of new drug candidates have poor water solubility, resulting in low bioavailability. Microemulsions may help overcome this issue by enhancing solubility and permeability.
- Factors like surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant properties, and temperature can affect microemulsion phase behavior and transition between oil-in-water
Shanmuk Project Presentation
The document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of liposomal drug delivery systems for the anticancer drug docetaxel. Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method with soybean lecithin and cholesterol. Preformulation studies such as FTIR spectroscopy confirmed no chemical interactions between docetaxel and the lipid components. The liposomes were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release kinetics. Short term stability studies were also planned to evaluate the stability of the liposomal formulations. The goal was to reduce the side effects of docetaxel and improve its targeting to tumor sites.
Liposomes: On The Drug Delivery Highway
Liposomes are vesicular structures composed of lipid bilayers that encapsulate an aqueous core. They can be used to improve drug delivery by modifying drug absorption, prolonging drug effects, and reducing toxicity. Liposomes are classified based on their composition and applications, such as conventional, long-circulating, and polymeric liposomes. They have various applications in drug delivery, including cancer chemotherapy and topical administrations, by facilitating targeted and controlled release of drugs. Future liposome technologies may include niosomes, ethosomes, and vesicles for multi-drug formulations and gene delivery.
Solid Lipid Nano Particle
1. Liposomes are commonly used nanocarriers that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs to improve drug solubility, stability, and targeting.
2. There are four main types of liposomal delivery systems - conventional liposomes, PEGylated liposomes, ligand-targeted liposomes, and theranostic liposomes.
3. Solid lipid nanoparticles are another drug delivery system involving a solid lipid core that can incorporate lipophilic drugs and be coated with surfactants for stability. They provide controlled release and bypass liver and spleen filtration.
Bioavailability enhancement
This document discusses various techniques for enhancing the bioavailability of drug formulations, including cocrystallization, copolymerization, and PEGylation. Cocrystallization involves forming a crystalline complex between an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a co-crystal former, which can improve solubility and bioavailability. Copolymerization uses block copolymer micelles to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs and improve their solubility. PEGylation attaches polyethylene glycol chains to proteins and peptides to increase their circulating half-life and protect them from degradation. The document examines each technique in more detail and concludes that proper selection of a bioavailability enhancement method is key to developing an effective drug formulation.
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Protein and peptide drugs offer promising treatment for many diseases. However, their delivery poses challenges due to instability and poor absorption. This document discusses various delivery strategies to overcome these barriers including polymer-based systems, liposomes, and parenteral routes. It also covers formulation approaches like PEGylation and microencapsulation to improve protein stability and pharmacokinetics. Overall, the development of effective protein and peptide delivery systems could enable new therapies for conditions like cancer, diabetes, and more.
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Liposomes are microscopic vesicles composed of a bilayer of phospholipids that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances for drug delivery. Liposomes were discovered in 1965 as a drug delivery system and have received attention for delivering drugs to treat cancer and for gene delivery. Liposomes can be classified based on their composition, structure, and preparation method. They have advantages like biocompatibility and the ability to target drugs to specific cells, but also have disadvantages like high production costs and drug leakage. The document discusses the composition, properties, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of liposomes as a drug delivery system.
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This document summarizes a research project on studying the diffusion of self-assembled structures in water-soluble polymer solutions using dynamic light scattering. The project examines how the addition of polymers like polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol affects the diffusion of micelles formed by amphiphilic molecules like Pluronic P123, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Key results include measuring the diffusion coefficient of P123 micelles and observing the effect of adding polymers on the diffusion of P123, CTAB and SDS micelles. The goal is to understand how properties like size, charge and polymer type influence micelle diffusion through dilute polymer solutions.
Formulation biotherapeutics
This document discusses the differences between excipients used in small molecule and biotherapeutic drug formulations. For biotherapeutics, excipients help stabilize proteins and peptides, which are sensitive molecules. Common excipients include amino acids, sugars, polymers and detergents. Historically, human serum albumin and gelatin were used as excipients but there are now concerns over using animal or human derived materials due to risk of disease transmission. Recombinant versions of gelatin and human serum albumin produced in yeast are presented as safer alternatives that avoid these risks.
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Protein and peptides drug delivery systems
This document provides an overview of protein and peptide drug delivery. It discusses the structure of proteins and peptides, which consist of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Various drug delivery techniques for proteins are described, including polymer, liposome, hydrogel, and emulsion-based systems. Challenges in delivering proteins include instability, degradation, and poor absorption. The document also discusses pumps, barriers to delivery, manufacturing, stability testing, instability issues, and some marketed protein and peptide drugs.
Marketing of Proteins and Peptide Pharmaceuticals
The document discusses proteins and peptides as pharmaceutical drugs. It provides an overview of the protein therapeutics market, major brands that generate over $1 million in revenue, production costs, challenges in the field, and regulatory considerations for approval of protein and peptide drugs.
Liposomal drug delivery system
This document discusses liposomal drug delivery systems. It begins by defining liposomes as small artificial vesicles made of cholesterol and phospholipids that range from 20nm to 5000nm in size. It then describes the key components of phospholipids that make up liposomes and commonly used phospholipids. The document classifies liposomes based on their ability to interact with cells and their size/bilayer number. It outlines the mechanism of liposomal drug delivery and advantages such as improved drug efficacy, stability, and ability to deliver both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Example applications including chemotherapy and products from Cipla are also mentioned.
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The document discusses determining the physicochemical properties of Romazarit, including its molecular weight, logP, hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, using drug design software. It provides the calculated properties of Romazarit from the software, including a molecular weight of 315.94 and logP of 1.733. It also lists reference values for Romazarit from PubChem, including a molecular weight of 309.74 g/mol and XLogP3-AA of 2.9.
Stability studies of proteins and peptides.
This document discusses stability studies of proteins and peptides. It covers both chemical and physical degradation mechanisms and factors that influence degradation rates. Chemical degradation includes deamidation, racemization, hydrolysis, disulfide formation, oxidation, and cross-linking. Physical degradation involves changes in structure like denaturation, aggregation, adsorption, and precipitation. Degradation rates depend on factors like pH, temperature, moisture content, and excipients. Kinetics are often first-order and follow Arrhenius behavior, allowing prediction of long-term stability from accelerated studies. Understanding degradation mechanisms is key to developing stable protein and peptide drug formulations.
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are the four main classes of biological macromolecules. The document identifies functional groups, types of isomers, carbohydrate monomers and polymers. It also discusses lipid structure including fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids. Finally, it covers protein structure from primary to quaternary levels organized by bonding interactions between amino acid subunits.
Bio Chapter 5: Macromolecules
KEY CONCEPTS
5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material
5.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
5.4 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
5.5 Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary
information
5.6 Genomics and proteomics have transformed biological inquiry and applications
Protein and peptide drug delivery system
Protein and Peptide drug delivery system are the Novel drug Delivery System. Proteins and peptides are the most abundant components of biological cells. They exist functioning such as
enzymes, hormones, structural element and immunoglobulin. The distinction between peptides and proteins is having a peptide contains less than 20 amino acids, having a molecular weight less, while a protein possesses 50 or more amino acids and its molecular weight lies above this value. The most of pharmaceutical proteins and peptides are absorbed IM, IV and Subcutaneous route of Absorption, but the oral route is more convenient for absorption of protein as compared to other. Various problems associated with administration of protein and peptide drugs are needed to overcome by different pharmaceutical approaches. Several approaches available for
maximizing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties are chemical modification,
formulation vehicles, mucoadhesive polymeric system, use of enzyme inhibitors, absorption
enhancers, penetration enhancers etc.
Protein and peptide drug delivery system (PPDDS)
Protein and Peptide drug delivery system are the Novel drug Delivery
System. Proteins and peptides are the most abundant components of
biological cells. They exist functioning such as enzymes, hormones, structural element and immunoglobulin.
sedds
This document discusses self-emulsified drug delivery systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of drugs, lipids, and surfactants that can spontaneously form emulsions upon dilution in aqueous media. SEDDS aim to improve oral absorption of hydrophobic drugs. The document covers classification systems for lipid formulations, formulation development techniques like screening excipients and conducting studies, characterization methods, and solid forms of SEDDS like capsules. It also discusses biopharmaceutical issues like the role of lipolysis and drug transport via the lymphatic system. Several commercial products incorporating SEDDS are also mentioned.
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This document summarizes microemulsions and their potential as drug delivery systems to improve oral bioavailability. Key points:
- Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant that can solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs. Their small droplet size (<100 nm) allows improved drug absorption.
- Around 40% of new drug candidates have poor water solubility, resulting in low bioavailability. Microemulsions may help overcome this issue by enhancing solubility and permeability.
- Factors like surfactant concentration, oil/surfactant properties, and temperature can affect microemulsion phase behavior and transition between oil-in-water
Shanmuk Project Presentation
The document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of liposomal drug delivery systems for the anticancer drug docetaxel. Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration method with soybean lecithin and cholesterol. Preformulation studies such as FTIR spectroscopy confirmed no chemical interactions between docetaxel and the lipid components. The liposomes were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release kinetics. Short term stability studies were also planned to evaluate the stability of the liposomal formulations. The goal was to reduce the side effects of docetaxel and improve its targeting to tumor sites.
Liposomes: On The Drug Delivery Highway
Liposomes are vesicular structures composed of lipid bilayers that encapsulate an aqueous core. They can be used to improve drug delivery by modifying drug absorption, prolonging drug effects, and reducing toxicity. Liposomes are classified based on their composition and applications, such as conventional, long-circulating, and polymeric liposomes. They have various applications in drug delivery, including cancer chemotherapy and topical administrations, by facilitating targeted and controlled release of drugs. Future liposome technologies may include niosomes, ethosomes, and vesicles for multi-drug formulations and gene delivery.
Solid Lipid Nano Particle
1. Liposomes are commonly used nanocarriers that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs to improve drug solubility, stability, and targeting.
2. There are four main types of liposomal delivery systems - conventional liposomes, PEGylated liposomes, ligand-targeted liposomes, and theranostic liposomes.
3. Solid lipid nanoparticles are another drug delivery system involving a solid lipid core that can incorporate lipophilic drugs and be coated with surfactants for stability. They provide controlled release and bypass liver and spleen filtration.
Bioavailability enhancement
This document discusses various techniques for enhancing the bioavailability of drug formulations, including cocrystallization, copolymerization, and PEGylation. Cocrystallization involves forming a crystalline complex between an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a co-crystal former, which can improve solubility and bioavailability. Copolymerization uses block copolymer micelles to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs and improve their solubility. PEGylation attaches polyethylene glycol chains to proteins and peptides to increase their circulating half-life and protect them from degradation. The document examines each technique in more detail and concludes that proper selection of a bioavailability enhancement method is key to developing an effective drug formulation.
Protien and peptide drug delivery
Protein and peptide drugs offer promising treatment for many diseases. However, their delivery poses challenges due to instability and poor absorption. This document discusses various delivery strategies to overcome these barriers including polymer-based systems, liposomes, and parenteral routes. It also covers formulation approaches like PEGylation and microencapsulation to improve protein stability and pharmacokinetics. Overall, the development of effective protein and peptide delivery systems could enable new therapies for conditions like cancer, diabetes, and more.
Lipinski rule
The Lipinski Rule of Five provides guidelines for drug-like properties that influence a compound's absorption and bioavailability after oral dosing. The rules specify that an orally active drug have less than 5 hydrogen bond donors, less than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors, a molecular weight less than 500, and an octanol-water partition coefficient log P of less than 5. Violating more than one of these guidelines reduces the likelihood of adequate absorption. While optimizing activity may increase violations by adding hydrogen bonds or lipophilicity, this can compromise a compound's drug-like properties.
ROLE OF LIPOSOME IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Liposomes are microscopic vesicles composed of a bilayer of phospholipids that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances for drug delivery. Liposomes were discovered in 1965 as a drug delivery system and have received attention for delivering drugs to treat cancer and for gene delivery. Liposomes can be classified based on their composition, structure, and preparation method. They have advantages like biocompatibility and the ability to target drugs to specific cells, but also have disadvantages like high production costs and drug leakage. The document discusses the composition, properties, classification, advantages, and disadvantages of liposomes as a drug delivery system.
final report fathima
This document summarizes a research project on studying the diffusion of self-assembled structures in water-soluble polymer solutions using dynamic light scattering. The project examines how the addition of polymers like polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol affects the diffusion of micelles formed by amphiphilic molecules like Pluronic P123, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Key results include measuring the diffusion coefficient of P123 micelles and observing the effect of adding polymers on the diffusion of P123, CTAB and SDS micelles. The goal is to understand how properties like size, charge and polymer type influence micelle diffusion through dilute polymer solutions.
Formulation biotherapeutics
This document discusses the differences between excipients used in small molecule and biotherapeutic drug formulations. For biotherapeutics, excipients help stabilize proteins and peptides, which are sensitive molecules. Common excipients include amino acids, sugars, polymers and detergents. Historically, human serum albumin and gelatin were used as excipients but there are now concerns over using animal or human derived materials due to risk of disease transmission. Recombinant versions of gelatin and human serum albumin produced in yeast are presented as safer alternatives that avoid these risks.
polymer in pharmacy and application of polymers
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Protein and peptides drug delivery systems
This document provides an overview of protein and peptide drug delivery. It discusses the structure of proteins and peptides, which consist of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Various drug delivery techniques for proteins are described, including polymer, liposome, hydrogel, and emulsion-based systems. Challenges in delivering proteins include instability, degradation, and poor absorption. The document also discusses pumps, barriers to delivery, manufacturing, stability testing, instability issues, and some marketed protein and peptide drugs.
Marketing of Proteins and Peptide Pharmaceuticals
The document discusses proteins and peptides as pharmaceutical drugs. It provides an overview of the protein therapeutics market, major brands that generate over $1 million in revenue, production costs, challenges in the field, and regulatory considerations for approval of protein and peptide drugs.
Liposomal drug delivery system
This document discusses liposomal drug delivery systems. It begins by defining liposomes as small artificial vesicles made of cholesterol and phospholipids that range from 20nm to 5000nm in size. It then describes the key components of phospholipids that make up liposomes and commonly used phospholipids. The document classifies liposomes based on their ability to interact with cells and their size/bilayer number. It outlines the mechanism of liposomal drug delivery and advantages such as improved drug efficacy, stability, and ability to deliver both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Example applications including chemotherapy and products from Cipla are also mentioned.
Determination of physicochemical properties of romazarit structure such
The document discusses determining the physicochemical properties of Romazarit, including its molecular weight, logP, hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, using drug design software. It provides the calculated properties of Romazarit from the software, including a molecular weight of 315.94 and logP of 1.733. It also lists reference values for Romazarit from PubChem, including a molecular weight of 309.74 g/mol and XLogP3-AA of 2.9.
Stability studies of proteins and peptides.
This document discusses stability studies of proteins and peptides. It covers both chemical and physical degradation mechanisms and factors that influence degradation rates. Chemical degradation includes deamidation, racemization, hydrolysis, disulfide formation, oxidation, and cross-linking. Physical degradation involves changes in structure like denaturation, aggregation, adsorption, and precipitation. Degradation rates depend on factors like pH, temperature, moisture content, and excipients. Kinetics are often first-order and follow Arrhenius behavior, allowing prediction of long-term stability from accelerated studies. Understanding degradation mechanisms is key to developing stable protein and peptide drug formulations.
Amino acid
Group members submitted a document on amino acids to their lecturer. The document defined amino acids as the building blocks of proteins and discussed their classification including being structurally classified based on functional group locations and being classified as essential, semi-essential, or non-essential based on whether the human body can synthesize them. It also summarized methods for producing amino acids including extraction from proteins, chemical synthesis, and microbial biosynthesis using carbon sources, metabolic intermediates, or enzymes. Specific examples of lysine and DAP biosynthesis were provided. Finally, applications of amino acids in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and other industries were mentioned.
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are the four main classes of biological macromolecules. The document identifies functional groups, types of isomers, carbohydrate monomers and polymers. It also discusses lipid structure including fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids. Finally, it covers protein structure from primary to quaternary levels organized by bonding interactions between amino acid subunits.
Bio Chapter 5: Macromolecules
KEY CONCEPTS
5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material
5.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
5.4 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
5.5 Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary
information
5.6 Genomics and proteomics have transformed biological inquiry and applications
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Similar to Liposomes 1sem ppt
Protein and peptide drug delivery system
Protein and Peptide drug delivery system are the Novel drug Delivery System. Proteins and peptides are the most abundant components of biological cells. They exist functioning such as
enzymes, hormones, structural element and immunoglobulin. The distinction between peptides and proteins is having a peptide contains less than 20 amino acids, having a molecular weight less, while a protein possesses 50 or more amino acids and its molecular weight lies above this value. The most of pharmaceutical proteins and peptides are absorbed IM, IV and Subcutaneous route of Absorption, but the oral route is more convenient for absorption of protein as compared to other. Various problems associated with administration of protein and peptide drugs are needed to overcome by different pharmaceutical approaches. Several approaches available for
maximizing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties are chemical modification,
formulation vehicles, mucoadhesive polymeric system, use of enzyme inhibitors, absorption
enhancers, penetration enhancers etc.
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Protein and Peptide drug delivery system are the Novel drug Delivery
System. Proteins and peptides are the most abundant components of
biological cells. They exist functioning such as enzymes, hormones, structural element and immunoglobulin.
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This document discusses self-emulsified drug delivery systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of drugs, lipids, and surfactants that can spontaneously form emulsions upon dilution in aqueous media. SEDDS aim to improve oral absorption of hydrophobic drugs. The document covers classification systems for lipid formulations, formulation development techniques like screening excipients and conducting studies, characterization methods, and solid forms of SEDDS like capsules. It also discusses biopharmaceutical issues like the role of lipolysis and drug transport via the lymphatic system. Several commercial products incorporating SEDDS are also mentioned.
liposomes.pptx
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2. Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. They offer advantages like biocompatibility, controlled release and targeted drug delivery.
3. Common methods for preparing liposomes include sonication, ether injection and ethanol injection. Liposomes find applications in cancer therapy, vaccines, antimicrobial therapy and more. They help enhance drug solubility, protect drugs and alter pharmacokinetics.
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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Strategy to Improve Oral Delivery of the Biophar...
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Strategy to Improve Oral Delivery of the Biophar...BRNSS Publication Hub
In drug discovery, approximately 70% of new drug candidates have shown poor aqueous solubility
in recent years. Currently, approximately 40% of the marketed immediate release (IR) oral drugs are
categorized as practically insoluble (<100 g/mL). The aqueous solubility of a drug is a critical determinant
of its dissolution rate. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a useful tool for decisionmaking
in formulation development from a biopharmaceutical point of view. BCS Class II drugs are
identified as low solubility and high permeability. In general, the bioavailability of a BCS Class II drug is
rate limited by its dissolution so that even a small increase in dissolution rate sometimes results in a large
increase in bioavailability. Therefore, an enhancement of the dissolution rate of the drug is thought to be
a key factor for improving the bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)
were developed in the mid-1980s as an alternative system to the existing traditional carriers (emulsions,
liposomes, microparticles, and their polymeric counterparts) when Speiser prepared the first micro- and
nano-particles (named nano pellets) made up of solid lipids for oral administration. SLNs are colloidal
carriers made up of lipids that remain solid at room temperature and body temperature and also offer unique
properties such as small size (50–500 nm), large surface area, high drug loading, and the interaction of
phases at the interfaces and are attractive for their potential to improve performance of pharmaceuticals,
nutraceuticals, and other materials. Moreover, SLN are less toxic than other nanoparticulate systems
due to their biodegradable and biocompatible nature. SLN is capable of encapsulating hydrophobic
and hydrophilic drugs, and they also provide protection against chemical, photochemical, or oxidative
degradation of drugs, as well as the possibility of a sustained release of the incorporated drugs.Drug polymer conjugate in drug delivery
Drug polymer conjugate in drug deliveryGirijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (GIPS)
Polymer-drug conjugates are a novel class of nanocarriers for drug delivery, which can protect the drug from premature degradation, prevent the drug from premature interaction with the biological environment and enhance the absorption of the drugs into tissues (by enhanced permeability and retention effect or active targeting).
Polymer-drug conjugates are often considered as new chemical entities (NCEs) owing to a distinct pharmacokinetic profile from that of the parent drug.
Conjugation of a drug with a polymer forms so-called ‘Polymeric Prodrug’.Liposomes
Liposomes are defined as phospholipid vesicles consisting of one or more concentric lipid bilayers enclosing discrete aqueous spaces. The unique ability of liposomal systems to entrap both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds enables a diverse range of drugs to be encapsulated by these vesicles.
150720110745
PELLETS AND PELLETIZATION AS MULTIPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (MPDDS): A CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL APPROACH
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The document describes the synthesis and evaluation of 6,7-dihydro-4H-isothiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-ones (DIP) as potential antimitotic agents. A series of DIP derivatives were synthesized via a multicomponent reaction. Selected DIP derivatives were found to alter sea urchin egg cleavage at low nanomolar concentrations and showed cytotoxicity against cancer cells, including chemoresistant lines, at submicromolar to low nanomolar levels. Both the sea urchin embryo assay and cancer cell assays confirmed the DIP derivatives act by destabilizing microtubules. Structure-activity relationship studies showed the importance of a p
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Oral drug delivery proteins
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Solid lipid nanoparticles review published
The document discusses solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a promising approach for targeted drug delivery. SLNs are defined as spherical particles in the nanometer range composed of a solid lipid core surrounded by a surfactant coating. They offer advantages over other drug delivery systems like improved stability, biocompatibility and ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. The document reviews preparation methods for SLNs including high pressure homogenization and ultrasonication. It also discusses incorporation models and factors affecting SLN stability. SLNs show potential for opening new avenues in therapy but require further investigation.
LIPOSOMES.pptx
This document discusses liposomes, which are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can be used as drug delivery vehicles. It provides information on the structure of liposomes, including their components (phospholipids, cholesterol), classifications based on size and lamellarity, and characterization methods. Various types of liposomal drug delivery platforms are described, such as conventional liposomes, sterically stabilized liposomes, ligand-targeted liposomes, and combinations thereof. Methods for preparing liposomes include sonication, dissolving lipids in organic solvents, removing the solvents, and hydrating the lipids. Requirements for preparation and properties like phase transition temperature are also covered.
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.pptx
This document presents an overview of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) for herbal medicines. NDDS aim to improve drug efficacy, stability, targeting, and bioavailability. The report discusses several NDDS approaches including liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, phytosomes, and transdermal drug delivery systems. Each system offers advantages like enhanced absorption, sustained release, and reduced toxicity. NDDS have significant potential to improve herbal medicine formulations by protecting active compounds and increasing therapeutic effects.
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Proliposomal Drug Delivery System An Updated Review
This document provides an overview of proliposomal drug delivery systems. Proliposomes were developed to address stability issues with liposomes. They consist of phospholipids and porous powders that rapidly form liposomes upon hydration. The document discusses the components of proliposomes, various manufacturing methods like film deposition and spray drying, and characterization techniques. It also reviews research on using proliposomes to deliver various drugs through different administration routes like oral, transdermal, intravenous, and pulmonary delivery to enhance drug stability, bioavailability and targeting.
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The document discusses solubility of drugs, including definitions of solubility, types of solubility, and factors that influence solubility. It covers concepts such as saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. It also discusses mechanisms of solute-solvent interactions and classifications of solvents as polar, nonpolar, or semi-polar. Solubility is influenced by temperature, nature of solvent, pressure, pH, particle size, molecular structure, and solute-solvent interactions. Raoult's law and Henry's law are introduced regarding solubility of liquids in liquids and gases in liquids.
Colloidal dispersion system
1. A colloidal dispersion system consists of dispersed particles uniformly distributed in a dispersion medium. The particle size ranges from 1nm to 1 micron.
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Microspheres are small spherical particles typically between 1-1000 micrometers in diameter. They are made of natural or synthetic polymers and can be used for sustained drug delivery. Microspheres encapsulate drugs either molecularly or in particle form throughout a polymer matrix. They offer benefits like prolonged release, reduced dosing, and ability to inject. Microspheres can be made using various techniques like single/double emulsion, solvent evaporation, phase separation. Characterization methods include particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and stability studies. Microspheres show potential for targeted and controlled drug delivery.
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This document provides an overview of liposomes, including their definition as concentric spheres of lipid bilayers separated by aqueous compartments, classifications, components, preparation methods, applications, and marketed preparations. It discusses how liposomes are formed and characterized, and lists their advantages in controlled drug delivery and stabilization of compounds as well as disadvantages like short shelf life. Preparation techniques covered are mechanical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and freeze-thaw sonication methods. The document serves as a reference for the structure, production, and uses of liposome drug delivery vehicles.
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Liposomes 1sem ppt
- 1. Prepared By Miss. Mane Deshmukh P.P. Guided By Mrs. Barhate A.N. SVPM’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY MALEGAON (BK) 1
- 2. Introduction Definition Formation of liposome Structural components Composition of liposomes Classifications Advantages & disadvantages Preparation methods Limitations of liposomes technology Characterization of liposomes Applications Marketed Preparations References 2
- 4. Definition 1,16:- “Liposomes are defined as structure consisting of one or more concentric spheres of lipid bilayers separated by water or aqueous buffer compartments”. 4
- 5. FORMATION OF LIPOSOME s 19,20 :- 5
- 7. Phospholipids Sphigolipids Cholesterols Polymer material Polymer lipids Bearing Cationic lipids Other substance 7
- 8. CLASSIFICAT ION 8-18 :- 8
- 9. 9
- 10. Classes of Liposomes 12 :- 10
- 11. 11
- 12. It should be biodegradable, biocompatible, and flexible. It can carry both water and lipid soluble drugs. The drugs can be stabilized from oxidation. It should be improve the protein stabilization. It provides controlled hydration,sustained release, targeted drug delivery or site specific drug delivery. Stabilization of entrapped drug from hostile environment. Alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. It can be administered through various routes. It can incorporate micro and macro molecules Advantages 10-18 :- 12
- 13. It has stability It has solubility It has short half life The phospholipids undergoes oxidation, hydrolysis Leakage and fusion It is high production cost Some time allergic reactions may occur to liposomal constituents Disadvantages 10-18 :- 13
- 14. PREPARATION METHODS 1-8,12-16 :- 14
- 15. 15
- 16. 2 16
- 18. 18
- 21. 21
- 22. 22
- 23. LIMITATIONS OF LIPOSOMES TECHNOLOGY (15) :- 23
- 24. 24
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- 26. 26
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- 34. 34
- 36. 1) Aulton ME. Pharmaceutics-The science of dosage form design, 2002, 2nd edit. 2) Banker S. Modern pharmaceutics, 2009, vol.121, 4th edi., 275 3) Vyas S.P. & Khar R.K. “Targeted & controlled drug delivery : Novel carrier system”. CBS publishers and distributors, 2007. 4) Ansels ,Pharmaceutical dosage forms& Drug delivery system,8th edi. 36
- 37. 5) Lidgate DM, Felgner PL, In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating a liposome system for drug solubilisation. Pharm Res 1988; 5: 759–764. 6) P, Bilandi A, Akanksha M, Kapoor B, Seth GL, BihaHimanshu A, Sitasharan P, Singhai AK: Liposomes as drug carriers. Int J Pharm Liposomes System 2011, 2(7):945–951. 7) Kataria S, Sandhuni SD:Stealth liposomes: a review. Int J Res Art Pharm, 2011, 2(5):1534–1538 8) Jessy S,Vinay B, Novel delivary system.Int.j pharm bio sci 2013 Jan(1):150-160 37
- 38. 9) Barain, H. & Montazer, M,A Review on Applications of Liposomes in Textil Processing. of Liposome Res, 2008 ;18 (3) 249-262 10) Anna J,Liposomes,J Pharm Sci. & Res. 2013,5(9) 181- 183 11)Patel N,Panda S,Liposomes drug delivary system.J Pharm Sci Bio Res 2012;2(4):169-175 12) Thulasiramaraju T,Sudhakar b, Liposomes.A Novel drug delivary system.Int J Bio Pharm 2012;3(1):5-16 13) Kulkarni p,Yadav j. Liposomes.A Novel drug delivary system.Int J Curr Peper Res2011 ;3(2),10 38
- 39. 14) Harashima, H., Sakata, K., Funato, K., Kiwada, H., 1994.Enhanced hepatic uptake of liposomes through complement activation depending on the size of liposomes.Pharm. Res. 11,402-406. 15) Sharma A.Liposome in drug delivery progress and limitation. Int j pharm. 1997; 154;123-140. 16) Abdus S. Liposome drug delivery system an update review. Current drug delivery.2007; 4; 297- 305 17) Mansoori and Agrawal, Liposome drug delivery system ,Int J Art Res Pharm Bio, 2012; Vol.2 (4):453- 464 39
- 40. 18) Shashi K., Satinder K, Bharat P. A Complete Review on Liposomes. Int Res J Pharm 2012;3(7) 10-16 19) Lasic D. Mechanism of liposome formation Journal of liposome research. 1995; 5(3); 431-441. 20) Lasic D. Mechanism of liposome formation .Journal of liposome research.1995; 5(3); 431-441. 21)www.slideshare.com 22) www.authorstream.com 40