The document provides an overview of linking words and their functions in writing, including emphasizing, concluding, contrasting, and introducing ideas. It lists various common linking words in English and their Spanish equivalents, along with activities to practice their usage. Additionally, it discusses the importance of team leadership in organizations and effective time management strategies.

1. LINKING WORDS
WHEN AND HOW TO USE THEM
PAULINA MENDIOLA

2. These are the concepts between a
paragraph that will help us when
we are writing.
What are linking words?

3. Emphasize Conclude
THEY HELP US
The right understanding of these words, will help the reder understand better our
paper.
Order ideas

4. THE COMMON ONES
We have the common linking words that we use in our daily lives:
And - Y
Although - Aunque / A pesar
Such as - Como
Because - Porque
But - Pero
If - Si
Or - O

5. ADDITION
Now we have the linking words that show we have another idea to
add, show there’s more to the email:
Additionally / an additional - más aun, adicionalmente
Furthermore - además, más
Moreover - es más
Apart from this - además de esto
Indeed - en efecto
Besides - además

6. ADDITION ACT
Create a sentence using the linking word given
Additionally
Additionally to the problem discussed above...
Furthermore
Moreover - es más
Similarly - de forma similar
Indeed - en efecto
Besides - además

7. TIME
We use these linking words to determine the time in which an action is done.
When - Cuando
Whenever - cuando sea, en cualquier momento
Before - antes
After - después
Since - desde
Until - hasta
While - mientras

8. TIME ACTIVITY
Complete the next sentences with your one ideas.
Whenever you are...
While we are still discussing this topic ...
We have been working together since...

9. CONTRAST
We use them when we are showing ideas that contrast.
By contrast - en cambio
Although - a pesar de que
Nonetheless - sin embargo
Nevertheless - a pesar de
On the other hand - por otro lado
Yet - aún/ a pesar de
In spite of - a pesar de

10. CONTRAST
ACTIVITY
Continue the sentence given about an exterior furniture
company with a contrast linking word
The sales of the garden chairs have rocketed ever since July...
The summer pool set seemed like a good product to sell ...
The launch of our floating umbrella failed, ...

11. RESULT
We use this one´s when we want to conclude the previous concept or an
outcome.
Therefore - por lo tanto
Accordingly - respectivamente
As a result of - como resultado de
Thus - por consiguiente
Consequently - como consecuencia

12. RESULT
We use this one´s when we want to conclude the previous concept or an
outcome.
They were pretty late for class, ______________ the teacher said they couldn’t
come in.
The car is a made with luxurious materials and is priced ________
_______________ the judge’s decision, I will be in prison for six months.

13. INTRODUCING IDEAS
These one´s are used when we are giving our opinion on the
topic discussed at hand.
From my point of view - desde mi punto de vista
It is well known - es bien sabido
Generally speaking - generalmente hablando
As far as I am concerned - hasta donde me concierne

14. INTRODUCING IDEAS ACT
Pretend you are writing an email to your boss, he asks you about a coworker
of yours and their behavior, you need to give your opinion on him and how he
works.
Greeting Juan,
----

15. -------
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16. Activity
Wordbox
Indeed - when - Until - Since - Despite/although - Above all - Then - Firstly - Instead - Therefore
1. Call me _____ you get home.
2. She has saved a lot of money _____ she gave up smoking.
3. _____I worked very hard, I failed the exam.
4. She studied hard, _____ she passed the exam with merit.
5. I don’t feel like going to the cinema, why don’t we stay in ____?
6. He’s a great professional but _____, he’s a very nice person.
7. if it’s not there, ____ it’s lost.
8. In today’s meeting we’ll be discussing ______ this year’s results.
9. I’m not leaving ____ you finish your homework.
10. She is, ______, a lovely girl

17. Activity
I dentify 4 linking words
Do teams in organisations need leaders?
How and why the leader was selected also appears to affect the
leader´s effectiveness. Addison (1996), for instance, asserts that if
a leader is elected democratically by the team and from within
the team, there is more likelihood of an effective work
relationship between team members. However Smith (1996)
notes that more than 60% of 500 workplace teams studied
operate with team leaders chosen by the middle or upper
management. Furthermore, in more than half of these, the team
leaders did not have the confidence of the team members to the
extent that effectiveness and efficiency was compromised.

18. Activity
Fill in the gaps
Firstly - Finally - Secondly - In fact
Time management skills are essential for study success, __________,
there are several useful strategies that can be used to improve your
time management skills. _______________, have clear goals in mind.
____________, plan your time by having a yearly and weekly planner.
Careful planning will enable you to keep on the top of your work and
avoid stress. __________, reward yourself when job is done.

19. SOME USEFUL LINKS!
1. Test
2. Grammar check
3. Video
4. Another linking words/phrases that might help you