Lincoln demonstrated various types of listening in the film that helped inform his discernment and decision-making. He used receptive listening through parables that provoked new perspectives. He engaged in reflective listening by understanding the perspectives of African American soldiers. Lincoln also practiced good listening by contemplating legal issues around his wartime powers from discussions with others. Finally, his empathetic listening allowed him to understand his son's desire to enlist, and generative listening deepened his understanding with Elizabeth Keckley about the future of freed slaves. The document analyzes how Lincoln's listening skills influenced his pursuit of passing the 13th Amendment.
How to Avoid the 5 Fatal Mistakes Fund Appeals MakeBloomerang
While everyone knows a good story when they see one, few know what makes a good story good, and fewer still can write one. All the recent buzz about storytelling is good. But buzz mainly makes your hair stand on end. Frank C. Dickerson, Ph.D. will help you begin what will hopefully be a career-long learning process of learning how to improve your communication skills.
I need to get a 910 in order to pass this and I have 40 mins from n.pdfinfomalad
I need to get a 9/10 in order to pass this and I have 40 mins from now to submit it . Please help!!!
Item 1
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work.
Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
The technological tools available today for creating computer-based learning materials are
incredibly more powerful than those introduced just a few years ago. We can make our own
movies with camcorders in our homes; we can publish our own books. Soon teachers and
students will be able to use computer-video technology to produce their own learning materials.
All it takes is time, know-how, and some funds.
References:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta
Kappa Educational Foundation.
Frick (1991) suggested that teachers and students would be capable of using computer-video
technology to make learning resources. Furthermore, Frick\'s observation regarding tools for
creating learning materials that leverage computers that are a lot more powerful than technology
used just a few years back remains true over a decade later.
References:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta
Kappa Educational Foundation.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Hints
Item 2
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work.
Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
The way the U.S. judicial system works, a defendant is first found to be innocent or guilty. The
punishment sentence is determined only after a defendant has been found guilty. It might seem
that this is a relatively minor procedural issue. Yet, the order of this decision-making can mean
the difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal.
References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business,
politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.
Innocent or guilty courtroom decisions are often high-stakes. However, the precise consequences
of the verdict is unknown in U.S. judicial systems when the guilt versus innocence decision is
being made. Dixit and Nalebuff (1991) explain that this order of decision-making \"can mean the
difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal\" (p. 270).
References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business,
politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Hints
Item 3
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work.
Determine the ty.
How to Avoid the 5 Fatal Mistakes Fund Appeals MakeBloomerang
While everyone knows a good story when they see one, few know what makes a good story good, and fewer still can write one. All the recent buzz about storytelling is good. But buzz mainly makes your hair stand on end. Frank C. Dickerson, Ph.D. will help you begin what will hopefully be a career-long learning process of learning how to improve your communication skills.
I need to get a 910 in order to pass this and I have 40 mins from n.pdfinfomalad
I need to get a 9/10 in order to pass this and I have 40 mins from now to submit it . Please help!!!
Item 1
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work.
Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
The technological tools available today for creating computer-based learning materials are
incredibly more powerful than those introduced just a few years ago. We can make our own
movies with camcorders in our homes; we can publish our own books. Soon teachers and
students will be able to use computer-video technology to produce their own learning materials.
All it takes is time, know-how, and some funds.
References:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta
Kappa Educational Foundation.
Frick (1991) suggested that teachers and students would be capable of using computer-video
technology to make learning resources. Furthermore, Frick\'s observation regarding tools for
creating learning materials that leverage computers that are a lot more powerful than technology
used just a few years back remains true over a decade later.
References:
Frick, T. (1991). Restructuring education through technology. Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta
Kappa Educational Foundation.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Hints
Item 2
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work.
Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
The way the U.S. judicial system works, a defendant is first found to be innocent or guilty. The
punishment sentence is determined only after a defendant has been found guilty. It might seem
that this is a relatively minor procedural issue. Yet, the order of this decision-making can mean
the difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal.
References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business,
politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.
Innocent or guilty courtroom decisions are often high-stakes. However, the precise consequences
of the verdict is unknown in U.S. judicial systems when the guilt versus innocence decision is
being made. Dixit and Nalebuff (1991) explain that this order of decision-making \"can mean the
difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal\" (p. 270).
References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business,
politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Hints
Item 3
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work.
Determine the ty.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Lincoln analysis and listening reflection by Michael Naumann
1. 1
Lincoln Analysis and Listening Reflection
Michael T. Naumann
Gonzaga University
ORGL 535: Listen, Discern, Decide
Professor L. C. Spears
June 13, 2021
2. 2
Lincoln Analysis and Listening Reflection
The motionpicture masterpiece, Lincoln,producedby StevenSpielbergin2012 is a biographical
drama filmthatfocusesonPresidentAbrahamLincolnduringthe Civil WaryearsinAmerica. Spielberg
pullsthe curtainback on HonestAbe’sactionstopassthe 13th
Amendment.We’llexplorehow President
Lincolndemonstratedalistening-firstdispositionandseveral typesof listeningthatare portrayedinthe
film.Further, I’ll offerreflectionsonServant-leadershipandthis learningModule. The purpose of this
evaluative review istodemonstrate mycomprehension of listeningthroughapplication,analysisand
synthesis.
Listening-first criteria applied to discernment and decision-making by Abraham Lincoln
Understandingthe definitionof discernmentisbeneficial priorto notinghow PresidentLincoln
utilizedhislistening-firstdisposition tomove forwardwithdecision-making.“Discernmentsimplymeans
developingataste forwhat’sgood.It’s developinganinstinctforquality,arefinedsensibility,aneye for
value -- to knowthe difference betweenwhat’sgoodandwhat’snotinorderto partake of the good”
(Anderson,2018, p.13). It “isthe abilitytosort betweenahostof optionsandpick whatisgood. It
carriesthe ideaof judgingthe meritsof something,beingable todistinguishbetweengoodandbadand
whatis best”(p.25).“In orderto make good decisions,youmustbecome adiscerningperson,aperson
skilledinwisdom,andgoodnessitself”(p.27).“The goal of discernmentisnottosimplyavoidthe evil in
thislife;itisto learnwhatis goodso that we mayembrace and enjoyit”(p.30). Additionally,
“discernmentisthe processof makingchoicesthatcorrespondascloselyaspossible toobjective reality,
that are as free aspossible fromourinnercompulsions,andthat are closelyattunedtothe convictions
of ourfaith(or to our value system,if we have noreligiousbelief)” (Wolff, 2003, p.x).
3. 3
“In our pursuitof discernment,the firstquestionwe mustansweriswhetherthe sacrifice of
pursuingitisevenworthit?”(Anderson,2018, p. 34).
Lincolnshareda powerful experience he hadyearsagowhenhe observedabarge “filledwith
coloredmeninchains,headingdownthe Mississippi tothe New Orleansslave markets.”(Spielberg,
2012, p.103). He recallshowhe feltsick,“n more that that” how “it broughta shadow down”and
aroundhiseyes“a pall”(p.103). Lincolnalsosharedhow slaverywastroublingasfarback as he could
remember,yet,he alsoreflectedonthe difference betweenhimself andhisdad,itdidn’ttrouble hisdad
but hisfatherdidhate slavery.Lincolnalsowas forthrightashe mentionedhow hisfatherheldavalue, a
“rough moral urge for fairness,forfreedom”andthat itwas one of the few thingshe learnedfromhis
dad (p.103). Lincoln’sdiscernment,asisoftenthe case,was“influencedbyvalues”(Wolff,2003, p.11).
Lincolnhada “lifelonghatredof slavery”andhe “repeatedlydenouncedslaveryasanevil.At
varioustimeshe calledslaverya‘cancer,’a‘poison,’ora ‘greatnational crime.’Asa matterof public
policy,he said,‘slaveryshouldbe ‘resistedasawrong’and ‘treatedasa wrong’”(Oakes,2007, p. 57).
As I reflectonLincoln’slistening-firstdispositionandhow itaffectedhimindividually, Ibelieve
while he andhisfatherhadwhat appearsto be an estrangedrelationship,he didlisten,observe and
learnfromhisfatherabout fairnessandfreedom. Throughoutthe filmwe view Lincolnrelentlessly
pursuingthe passage of the 13th
Amendment, tohim, itappearshe determined thissoleobjectiveabove
otherpotential legal options wasworthpursuingandthatsacrificeswere acceptable toachieve this
goal.
Examplesin the filmLINCOLN that demonstrate listeningtypes
Receptive Listening
Receptive Listening “focusesonthe state of the listener”(Frick,2011, p. 12). The foundationof
Receptive Listening is:
4. 4
the conceptthat the individual strugglingwithaproblemusuallyhaswithinhimselfthe capacity
to solve it.The answermaybe burieddeepandhence willbecome evidentonlywhenthe
personhasbeenencouragedto‘talkout’the circumstancesandexpose hisfeelingstoa loving,
understandinglistener.(Frick,2011, p. 13)
Receptive Listening oftenalsoincludesforpractitioners,duringtimesof “trouble,”perhaps
withdrawing“fromthe mainstreamtoexplore theirowndepthsthroughmeditation,contemplationand
discussion”(Frick,2011, p.14). Further,mastersof Receptive Listening whotaught othersthe skills
shared“surprises—fairytales,parableswithmultiple interpretations,paradoxical ZenBuddhistsayings,
and othercontradictoryor stimulatingideas”these “disequilibrium”techniques“canjoltus outof some
of ourruts, our accustomedpatternsof thinkingandreaction”astheyare intentionally designedto
disturb“one’speace”(p.14).
A scene thatdemonstratedLincoln’s ReceptiveListening inactionwas whenLincoln exclaimed
howhe andabolitionistandU.S House of Representativesmember JamesAshley were“Whalers”
(Spielberg,2012, p.32). Thisparable was useful toillustrate duringtheirdialogue how they were
imminently close tosecuringthe passage of thismonumental legislationandthat itwas now or neverto
take the final action.
Thispushto “bring the anti-slaveryamendmenttothe floorfordebate”andto passthe 13th
Amendmentaffected bothpolitical partiesdeeply (Spielberg,2012, p. 27). Lincolnwaswarnedby his
Secretaryof State Seward to avoidpushingsoas to not tarnishhis“invaluableluster”consideringthat
they’dneedtwentyHouse Democratstovote forthe Amendmentforitto pass(p. 14). Lincoln listened
and yetrecognizedthat itwasn’tnecessarily“the same gangof talentlesshicksandhacksthat rejected
the amendmenttenmonthsback”(p.15).
5. 5
A secondexample of ReceptiveListening waswhere Lincolncauseda“jolt”whenduringawar
room discussionabout capturingfortifiedFortFisher,Lincoln (afterbeingcontemplative duringthe
discussion) suddenlyhollers,“Come onout,youoldrat!” (Spielberg,2012, p.67). Thisunexpectedburst
fromLincolnprompts Secretaryof War Stantonto exclaim, “No!No,you’re, you’regoingtotell astory!I
don’tbelievethatIcan bearto listentoanotherone of your storiesrightnow!”(p.68). Anadditional
demonstrative scene waswhenLincolnwas“seatedat Eckert'sdesk,shawl wrappedaroundhis
shoulders,glasseson”andhe’sgazingintohis large top hat betweenhiskneesand“HomerBatesand
Sam Beckwithare waiting forhim. Lincolndrawsahandwrittennote from hishatand carefully unfolds
it” and thenreadsa directive;however,Lincoln thenasks, “youthinkwe choose tobe born?”(p.82).
LincolnlistensintentlytoBeckwithandBates andthenexpoundsonEuclid’snotionthat“Thingswhich
are equal tothe same thingare equal to eachother”(p.82). Lincoln’sveryreceptive andobserves that
BeckwithandBatesdon’tunderstandwhathe sharedso he provides additional insights.
Reflective Listening
Reflective Listening isoftendescribedas“active anddeeplistening”thatinvolves“one’swhole
bodyand mind—andsometimesone’ssoul”(Frick,2011, p.19). The speakermayobserve “facial
expressionsandbodylanguage”of the receiverthatconfirmsthe listener’s“mindisworkingto
understandexactlywhatisbeing communicated”(p.19).The listener“reflectsbacktothe speakerwhat
has beenheardtocheck whetherthe intendedmessage hasbeenreceived”(p.20).
The conversationbetweenLincolnandthe African-AmericansoldiersClarkandGreen
demonstrated ReflectiveListening as Lincoln listenstoClarkdiscusshow he’snotgoingtobe shine boots
and cut hairafter the war,rather, Clarksuggests toLincoln,“perhapsyou’ll hire me”(Spielberg,2012,
p.4). While the dialogue isbrief,asIreflectonthe verbiage,it’sclearLincolnunderstandsthatClarkisn’t
goingto accept a stereotypical job foraBlackman at that pointin time andLincoln repliesthatperhaps
he wouldhire Clarkafterthe war.
6. 6
GoodListening
Good Listening involvestrainingone’s“memory toretainwhatisexpressedandtorefrainfrom
piecemeal value judgments”andthe listener“remainsinapositiontoassessthe relationshipamong
facts,opinions,attitudes,andfeelingsbeingexpressedandistherefore abletorespondtothe total
expressionof the otherperson”(Frick,1996, p. 70). Further, Good Listening involvestying“tohear
everythingthatissaid,notjustwhatthe listenerexpectsorwantsto hear” (andwhatis notsaid) and
demonstrates“attentiveness”(p.70).
A greatexample of Good Listening iswhenLincolnisindialogue withhisCabinet abouttaking
WilmingtonandthenRichmondandthe conversation evolvesintoadiscussionaboutthe legalityof
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation afterthe warandthe scope of hiswar powersasaffordedbythe
Constitution. He sharesthathe’shadconversationsandthat“no one knowsexactlywhat those powers
are.Some say theydon’texist”(Spielberg,2012, p.29). The slippery grayareais how the South
technicallyisn’ta“belligerentnation”andLincolnisforward-thinkingaboutcourtsdecidingthathe had
no authoritytoissue the Proclamation andsubsequently afterthe war,withoutan“amendment
abolishingslavery”(andhiswarpowersare expired),slaverymaystill be legal (p.29). ClearlyLincoln
contemplatedonthe conversationshe hadabouthiswar power authorities (orlackthereof) andas
Lincolnshares aftera throughexplanation,“that’swhyI’dlike togetthe ThirteenthAmendment
throughthe House,and on itswayto ratificationbythe states,wrapthe whole slaverythingup,forever
and aye”(p.30).
Lincoln’s Good Listening (andleadership) affected the whole society,forever,ashe recognizedif
the 13th
Amendmentdidnotpass,basedonwhathe heard,anddidn’thear, slaverycouldhave
remainedlegal inAmericaafterthe war.
Empathetic Listening
7. 7
“At thislevel,listenersrefrainfromjudgingthe talkerandplace themselvesinthe other’s
position.”EmpatheticListening requiresanOK-OKattitude.The overallfocusis tolistenfromthe heart,
whichopensthe doorwaytounderstanding,caring,andempathy”(Burley-Allen,1995,p. 14). A Servant-
leaderobjectiveistooperate withthisdispositionthroughoutthe day“inall situations”(p.14).
An example of EmpatheticListening iswhen AbrahamLincolnandhisson Robertare discussing
Robert’sinterestinenlisting. Robertisadamantthathe’sgoingtoenlist,Lincolnhasthe actual authority
as Commander-in-Chief toprohibitRobertfrombeingaccepted andsharesthatwithouthispermission,
“you ain’tenlistinginnothing,nowhere,youngman”(Spielberg,2012, p.91). While thisscene is
emotionallychargedand includes LincolnslappingRobert,before the scene concludes,Robertshares
howhe “will feelashamed”forthe balance of hislife if he doesn’tenlistandhow he “don’twantto be
nothing”(p.91).The nextscene it’sapparentLincolnauthorizedRoberttojoin (whilealsoperhaps
shieldinghimfromactual combat) as Robertis“an adjutantrunningmessagesforGeneral Grant”(p.92).
Generative Listening
“GenerativeListening [emphasisadded] issophisticatedlistening:itisactive,inventivelistening
that evokesthe bestqualitiesinothersbycreatingthe other’sbrilliance”(Horsman,n.d.,p.6).Horsman
notesthat “Generative listeningisacreative act” (p.6).He states that “throughgenerative listening
somethingwhollydifferentisstimulated:aninsight,anew idea,anew awareness,agrander-level of
understandingof anissue orcrisis” (p.6).
Lincolnand(African-American)ElizabethKeckleyare infrontof the White House andLincoln
asksher afterbriefly discussingthe 13th
Amendment,“are youafraidof whatliesahead?Foryour
people?If we succeed?”(Spielberg,2012, p. 95). KeckleyrespondstoLincoln’sinquirywithseveral
statementsandconcludeswith,“Mysondied,fightingforthe Union,wearingthe Unionblue.For
freedomhe died.I’mhismother.That’swhatIam to the nation,Mr. Lincoln.Whatelse mustIbe?” (p.
8. 8
96). Lincoln and Keckley’sgenerativedialogue andlisteningdeeplytoeachother,aboutthe future-state,
illustratedhowthistype of listeningcanbuilddeeperunderstanding.
Ten reflections about the listening process from this exercise and module
1. “Don’t assume,because youare intelligent,able,andwell-motivated,thatyouare opento
communication,thatyouknowhow to listen”(Sipe,2015, p.58).Self-awarenesssurveyingand
reflectioniscritical tounderstandingourcurrentlisteningexpertiseand“awarenessisthe first
stepinmodifyingandimprovingourbehavior”(Burley-Allen,1995, p.22).
2. Feweducational systemstrainstudentsonthe artof listening,specificallythe dynamicsof active
listeningandhowto become abetterlistener.It’sakeycharacteristicof beingaServant-leader
and employeesurveysnote thatmany workers feel asthoughtheircompany’sleadersdon’t
listentothemandsubsequentlydon’tcare (Horsman,p.3).
3. Listeninginvolvesourtotal being(Horsman,p.3) and “Servant-leaderlisteningisdemanding”
(Sipe,2015, p.58).
4. Listenforsignalslike RobertGreenleaf.“There are manysignalsall of the time thatwill cue one
to the ideasthat will make lifemore rewardingatall stages”(Gardiner,1998, p. 123). These
signalsmaypresentduringtimesof silence andmeditation.“Bylisteningtosignalswe gainthat
sense of howthe future isunfoldingthatenablesustocooperate withdestiny”(Jaworski,1998,
p. 259). “The most useful thingthatone can do inmany situationsisto bea deep listener” (Frick,
2011, p.12).
5. There are manybarriers(andfilters) to effectivelistening.“We are oftenunaware of how our
childhoodexperiencesinfluence ouradultbehavior.The socializationprocessresultsinour
listeningthroughfilters”(Burley-Allen,1995, p.39). The twelve filtersreviewedinBurley-Allen’s
bookare: “memories,imagesof the pastand future,expectations,attitudes,the physical
environment,beliefs,values,interests,strongfeelings,assumptions,pastexperiences,and
9. 9
prejudices”(p.45).“Anobviouswaytoexperiencetruerperceptionisfirsttobecome aware of
and thenbeginremovingourbarrierstoperception(Horsman,p.3).“Totruly listenmeansto
transcendyourown autobiography,togetoutof your frame of reference,outof yourownvalue
system,outof your ownhistoryandjudgingtendencies,andtogetdeeplyintothe frame of
reference orviewpointof anotherperson”(Covey,2004,p. 192).
6. Becominga stronglistenerrequires“consciouspractice”(Frick,2011, p. 70) and “to increase
listeningefficiency”it’sbeneficialto“practice listeningwithaplannedpurpose”(Burley-Allen,
1995, p.43). Additionally,it’sbeneficialtopractice listeningtoour“heart’sintelligence,”
(Burley-Allen,p.27) “howwe affirmourselves”(p.95) and our innervoice (ourintuition) and
“one’ssoul”(Frick, 2011, p. 19).
AbrahamLincolnsaidduringthe Civil War,‘Sendme luckygenerals.’Whatexactlywas
he suggesting?He wassuggestingthatthere issome qualitythatwinninggeneralshave
whichtranscendstheirmilitary,strategiccognition,andtheirrank,andtheirclassat
WestPoint.There issomethingaboutcertaingeneralsthattranscendsthe battlefield
diagrams.That waswhat Mr. Lincolnwas lookingfor.(Carey,2015, p. 196)
Perhapsthisistheirinnervoice manifesting intoleadershipaction.
7. “Sometimessilence isthe bestwaytocommunicate empathy,agreementorsolidarity”
(Horsman,p.7).Lincolnpracticedsilence andsharedduringastressful momentwhenhe was
askedif he’dlike company,“timeslike this,I’mbestalone”(Spielberg,2021,p. 80).
Apparentlysounddecisionsare impossibleunlessone canreflectwithaminimumof
interruption.We needtopause tobringabouta change of scenery.The momentwe
entersilence ourinnerself comestolife;we become more sensitiveandmore receptive
to subliminalmessagesrevealingthe thingshiddenbehindthe concerns,impulses,
motives,andpowerthatremainotherwiseunnoticed.(Kiechle,2005, p.69)
10. 10
8. “By understandingleadershipphilosophiesof pastsuccessful leaders,present-dayleaderscan
enhance theirwaysof interactingwithandleadingothers”(Galli,2017,p. 72). “The ingredients
for successful leadershipdonotexpire withtime,onlythe contextthattheycanbe appliedto
morphsand changes”(p.72). There are “TenCharacteristics”of a Servant-Leaderthatare
prevalentthroughmanyof RobertGreenleaf’swritings,“Listening”toothersand“one’sown
innervoice”aswell as“seekingtounderstandwhatone’sbody,spirit,andmindare
communicating”isidentifiedasone of those topten(Spears,2003, p. 16).
9. Receptive Listening, as notedearlier,ishighlydynamicandinteractive.“Leadershipstudies
emphasize the role of storiestobuildloyalty,commitment,andenthusiasm.Lincolnliberally
usedstoriesandanecdotes,colloquialexpressionsandsymbols,andimagerytoinfluencehis
audience”(Galli,2017,p.77).
10. Discernmentinvolvesusingthe headandhearttomake a decision.“Inordertomake good
decisions,youmustbecome adiscerningperson,apersonskilledinwisdomandgoodness
itself”(Anderson,2018,p. 27). “Information anddata are notwisdomandknowledge”(p.26).
Usingour head,we “reflectonthe situation”andthen“weighthe advantagesand
disadvantagesof ouroptions”andattemptto“foresee the consequencesof them”(Wolff,2003,
p. 4). Sometimesthe “mindandheartare at odds”(Kiechle,2005,p. 15). I observedLincon’s
mindand heartwere at oddsspecifictohissonjoiningthe Unionaswell aswhen Lincoln
delayedthe “side-wheel steamer”fromproceedingupthe JamesRiverwiththe Southern
“fellers,”knowingthatmore menmayperishinthe fightingwhile the 13th
Amendmentmade its
waythrough the House (Spielberg,2012,p. 54). “The pointisnot to allow ourselvestobe ledor
trappedbyour emotions”(Wolff,2003,p. 38).
11. 11
Servant-leaderDispositions,CapacitiesandSkillsand my future as a Servant-leaderinTraining
As a Servant-leaderinTraining,I’m “taskedwithlearningtocommunicate effectively”(Horsman,
n.d., p. 2).This includesbecomingamasterlistenerandbeingskilledinthe artof variouslistening
methodologies. Servant-leadershipis“holisticandintegrative”asdemonstratedbythe needtobe a
remarkable listenerof othersandour ownvoice.Recognizingthatcommunicationisvery dynamicand
that there are many external barriers andinternal filters thatinfluence listeningandunderstanding, and
“that whenwe are tryingto learnnewthings,thiscan be veryintimidating,”the endeavortobecome a
great servant-leaderwill require intentional practice listening (Dawson,2020, p.272). This includes
practicingpresencing.“A servant-leaderlistenerconsistentlypracticesthe behaviorsthatcommunicate
presence,like askingclarifyingquestionsandreflectingideas,feelingsandemotions”(Frick,2011, p.6).
Presence isdemonstratedwhenwe’re utilizingthe earsonourheadand the ear of ourheart. Keepingin
mind,“people listenmore attentivelytothose wholistentothem”(Kouzes,2002, p. 248).
Lincolnwasadeptat usinghisintuitionandpathfinding;reflectingonthe relatedvaluesand
skillsasnotedinour syllabus, Iunderstandthe needtobecome abetterlistenerandhow that will
enable me tobecome betteratthe art of discernment. “Whenyouare tryingtounderstandreality,you
needtolookat situationsfrommanydifferentvantage points,”changingperspective anddeeply
listeningwill enableone to“understandthe worldbetter”and torecognize systemsynergies (Dawson,
2020, p.272).
PresidentLincolnpromotedcommunityinatime of tremendousturmoilinAmerica.He
demonstratedempathyand forgivenessbyhismany pardonsof youngmenwhotriedto avoidthe war.
He nurturedindividual andcollectiveactualizationsasdemonstratedbyhiseffortstobanishslavery and
he also soughtcongruence andharmonywhenthe Confederate Southwas “returnedtothe lawsand
the guarantee of rightsof the Constitution,” andnottreatedas conqueredpeople(Spielberg,2012, p.
12. 12
127). Lincolnalsoadvised General Granttosendthe Confederate soldiers“backtotheirhomes,their
farms,theirshops”ratherthan try themfor treason (p.130).
Lincolnpassed“the besttest”of Servant-leadership asdefinedbyRobertGreenleaf when we
lookback on the global impactof his questto endslaveryinAmerica andhisinfluence onfuture
generationsof leaders andthose whoare now “healthier,wiser,freer,more autonomous”andmuch
more likelythemselvestobecome servants withoutbeingboundinservitude(Spears,1998, p. 1).
As I continue onthe journeyof becomingaServant-leader, withintentionalfocusonthe
“arduousdisciplineof learningtolisten,”Iwill continue tointegrate lessonslearnedfromthismodule
intomy decision-makingprocess(Horsman,n.d.,p.1).
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