levels of measurements in variables, research methodology
1. Levels of measurement in variables
by
Noman Ahmad
Department of library and information
science university of Peshawar
Session from 2018-2020
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2. Measurement of variables
The four main levels of measurement;
Nominal level
Ordinal level
Interval level
Ratio level
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3. Nominal level
Nominal level is the most elementary form of
measurement
It is simply a system of assigning number ,symbol
to elements in order to label them
For example a population may be classified as
gender wise males and females
males may be assigned number 1 and females 2
Members of a labeled set can only be counted
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4. Ordinal level
Ordinal level place elements in order
It ranks objects or elements from one largest to
smallest or one 1st to last
Example : ranking of students according to scores
obtain by them
Ordinal level represents which is greater and
which is smaller
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5. Interval level
It assumes that the measurement are made in
equal units
Gaps between whole numbers on the level are
equal
An interval level have doesn't of true zero
Example there is no concept of absolute zero in
time etc
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6. ratio level
Ratio levels represents the actual amount of
variables
Example : measurements of physical dimension
such as height weight distance etc
Similar to interval level except that the ratio
level has a true zero
The zero point on a centimeter levels indicates
the complete absence of length or height
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