Talk given at the conference "Balancing Intellectual Property Claims and the Freedom of Art and Communication",
 March 30 - April 1, 2016, Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF), Universität Bielefeld, Germany

1. LESSONS FROM COPYRIGHT IN ACTION FOR COPYRIGHT REFORM
Leonhard Dobusch
Universität Innsbruck - Department of Organization and Learning
Balancing Intellectual Property Claims and the Freedom of Art and Communication
March 30 - April 1, 2016, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Universität Bielefeld

2. #0 PROLOGUE

3. the growth of intellectual property in recent years has
been uncontrolled to the point of recklessness. (p. 147)
»
The [copyright] law seemed suddenly to metastasize. (p. 153)
The field of intellectual property can begin to resemble
a game of conceptual Pac Man in which everything in
sight is being gobbled up. (p. 156)
David Lange (1981): Recognizing the Public Domain,
In: Law and Contemporary Problems, 147

4. SHIFTING BASELINE
Shifting environmental baselines are inter-
generational changes in perception of the state of the
environment. As one generation replaces another,
people’s perceptions of what is natural change even
to the extent that they no longer believe historical
anecdotes of past abundance or size of species
Sáenz-Arroyo et al. (2005: 1957)
»

5. #1 COPYRIGHT IN THE BOOKS

6. CORNERSTONES OF COPYRIGHT IN THE BOOKS
(1) RIGHTS CLEARING IN EACH INDIVIDUAL CASE
(2) NO REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS
(3) EVER LONGER PROTECTION TERMS

7. Using a copyrighted
work…
…on a private, not-for-
profit website
(e.g., personal blog)
…for private purpose on
a commercial platform
(e.g., YouTube, Twitter)
…for commercial,
for-profit purposes
…in small parts for
creating a new work
(e.g., remix, sampling)
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
…as a whole for
a new work
(e.g., background music)
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
…as whole without
creating a new work
(e.g., illustrative image)
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
COPYRIGHT IN THE BOOKS

8. #2 COPYRIGHT IN ACTION

9. Forty-four per cent of all internet users aged 12+ claimed
to be either ‘not particularly confident’ or ‘not at all’
confident in terms of what is legal and what isn’t online.
»
Online copyright infringement tracker benchmark
study, commissioned by the Office of
Communications (Ofcom) UK, 2012

10. VIDEO: https://youtu.be/hpYg4u18IXk

11. Of course, we don't have any special rights. We only used
free YouTube material. And the YouTube terms allow
anyone to use, to reproduce and to create derivative works
including their public display on Youtube for free. For
more, see here in the YT terms. - Best regards, the online
editorial office
»

16. DO COPYRIGHT EXPERTS KNOW?

17. ILLEGAL IN SPITE OF NON-INFRINGING PRACTICES?
Arista v. Limewire (2010)A&M Records v. Napster (2001)

18. LEGAL IN SPITE OF INFRINGING PRACTICES?
Viacom v. YouTube (2007)

19. 3%
3%
4%
5%
5%
5%
6%
12%
32%
53%
0% 25% 50%
N.B.: Survey predates launch of Apple Music
PERCENTAGE OF INTERNET ADULTS, PAST 3 MONTHS
RADIO
LEGAL IN SPITE OF INFRINGING PRACTICES?

20. YOUTUBE AS A MUSIC LIBRARY
Views of No-1-Hits
from the USA,
France & Brazil
from 1930-1960
Source: Heald, P.J. (2013): How Copyright Keeps Works Disappeared,
http://ssrn.com/abstract=2290181

21. ENFORCEMENT AND MONETIZATION

26. COPYRIGHT IN THE BOOKS
(1) RIGHTS CLEARING IN EACH INDIVIDUAL CASE
(2) NO REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS
(3) EVER LONGER PROTECTION TERMS

27. THE »YOUTUBE COPYRIGHT«
(1) ONE STOP SHOP
(2) MANDATORY REGISTRATION
(3) USE IT OR LOSE IT

28. #3 CONCLUSION

29. #1 WITHOUT REFORM, GOOGLE WINS
#2 YOUTUBE SHOWS THE WAY FOR REFORM
#3 REGISTER, ONE-STOP-SHOP, USE IT OR LOSE IT

30. #4 EPILOGUE

32. Using a copyrighted
work…
…on a private, not-for-
profit website
(e.g., personal blog)
…for private purpose on
a commercial platform
(e.g., YouTube, Twitter)
…for commercial,
for-profit purposes
…in small parts for
creating a new work
(e.g., remix, sampling)
legal due to quotation
and remix exception
legal due to quotation
and remix exception
legal with standardized
collecting society fee
(analogous to covers)
…as a whole for
a new work
(e.g., background music)
legal due to remix
exception, lump-sum
compensation
legal due to remix
exception, compen-
sation by platform
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
…as whole without
creating a new work
(e.g., illustrative image)
notice free of charge,
capped fee („ticket“)
notice free of charge,
compensation by
platform
Prohibited without
clearing copyrights
REFORMED COPYRIGHT

33. CONTACT
E-Mail:
Leonhard.Dobusch@uibk.ac.at
!
Twitter:
@leonidobusch
!
Homepages:
http://bit.ly/LD_UIBK
http://www.dobusch.net
!
Blog:
http://www.governancexborders.com