The document provides background information on Reconstruction in the aftermath of the Civil War. It discusses the ruins of Charleston after the war and the challenges of recovering from the war, including disease and caring for wounded soldiers. It then poses questions about how to reintegrate the southern states back into the Union, including issues around African American rights, the economy, education, and punishment of Confederate leaders and soldiers. Finally, it discusses the challenges with different Reconstruction plans proposed by Lincoln, Johnson, and Radical Republicans in Congress.

2. Simply speaking,
it’s putting the
pieces of the
puzzle back
together.
Reconstruction – Program put in
place by the federal government
to repair damage to the South
and restore the southern states to
the Union.

4. THE RUINS OF
CHARLESTON
Four years after
the war had started
there, Charleston
was in ruins in
April 1865. “Any
one who is not
satisfied with war
should go to
Charleston,”
General William
Sherman said,
“and he will pray
louder and deeper
than ever that, the
country, in its long
future be spared
any more war.”
Image: George N. Barnard/Library of
Congress

5. A HOME IN A FALLEN CITY
A home in Charleston, shortly after the city fell. During the war, hundreds of plantations across the South were
completely destroyed, and thousands more were damaged.
Image: Library of Congress

6. RECOVERING SOLDIERS
Union soldiers
convalesce in
Fredericksburg,
Virginia. Before the
war, the town was
home to about 5,000
people. In May of
1864, after the
battles of the
Wilderness and
Spotsylvania, nearly
22,000 wounded
men reportedly
sought care there.
Image: James
Gardner/Library of
Congress

7. WARDING OFF MALARIA
Patients in a ward of Harewood Hospital, in Washington, D.C., peer out from under
mosquito netting. The spread of diseases, including malaria, killed two soldiers for
every one felled in battle.
Image: Library of Congress

12. Lincoln’s Funeral Train

13. Funeral Train

14. QUESTIONS
How will southern states rejoin the Union (what will the process be)?
How will the southern economy be rebuilt?
What rights will African Americans have?
Who will pay for damages?
Who will pay for medical expenses?
How will the economy handle 4 million new workers?
How will the African Americans be educated?
How will Confederate soldiers be punished?
those who fought/ those who killed POWs
How will Confederate leaders be punished?
How will Southern States how elections to rejoin the Government?
How will slave owners be addressed?
How do you make sure this won’t happen again?

15. Look at the challenges in the plans to
reintegrate the Southern States back into
the Union?
With your group, come up with 5 key points that must be
included in a plan for reconstructing the nation
Think about:
economic concerns
political concerns
moral concerns
BE SURE TO NAME YOUR PLAN

16. Lincoln had been working on these
questions since 1863!!!
Lincoln knew reconstruction would not be easy, and
created a plan to readmit states to the Union
By 1864, Louisiana, Tennessee and Arkansas accepted the
terms (they were federally occupied for most of the war
anyway)
Unfortunately, Lincoln was assassinated and we will never
know as in steps Andrew Johnson

17. Newly Appointed Congress
December 1865 Newly elected legislators arrive in
Washington
● Nearly all were Democrats
● Alexander Stephens was elected by Georgia (former
Confederate VP)
● 58 others sat in the Confederate Congress
● served in the Confederate Cabinet
● 4 were Confederate Generals (all were pardoned by
Johnson)

18. Political Drama
Johnson - 1865 - 1869
*Johnson = Democrat (remember Lincoln was a Republican) BUT he died
shortly after winning re-election giving Johnson almost 4 years as President
*Johnson stays in the US Senate after Tennessee secedes. In a bid for re-
election he was deemed a good fit as he was a Southerner and a Democrat
and this showed inclusion by the Republicans
*Johnson had a strong a state’s rights mentality and puts a plan into place for
reconstruction
*1866 - Reconstruction is not off to a great start, as a result, many republicans
win elections and take control in Congress including many Radical
Republicans.

19. Read below and infer the type of plan
Lincoln would propose
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with
firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right,
let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up
the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have
borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan --
to achieve and cherish a lasting peace among
ourselves and with the world. to do all which may
achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace,
among ourselves, and with the world. all nations.

20. Radical Republicans - Look who’s Back!
Radical Republican - A member of the Republican party committed to
equal treatment and enfranchisement of freed blacks.
Other Radicals
Andrew Johnson UNTIL he is elected
President
Ulysses S. Grant
Johnson will end up vetoing 21 bills
passed by Congress and Radicals
override 15 of his vetoes.
By 1867 10 Southern states (all but
Virginia had Republican governments

21. Let’ Look at the three plans
Lincoln’s 10% Plan Johnson’s Plan
Radical Republicans Plan Tommy Lee Jones

22. As soon as ten percent of a state’s voters
took a loyalty oath to the Union, the state
could set up a new government.
Lincoln’s Plan
“Ten Percent Plan”
The plan does not address
-land for freed slaves
-voting rights
1. Secession was constitutionally impossible SO...South
never really left; individuals not states rebelled
2. No guarantee of social or political equality for
African Americans
3. Pardon all confederate except high ranking officers
and those committing crimes against POWs
4. Make this a quick and easy as possible

23. Radical Republicans
- Congress should
lead
Lincoln’s plan angered members of his own
party who wanted to punish the South as well
as having full rights for African Americans.
Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner,
these “Radical Republicans” in Congress insisted
that the Confederates had committed high crimes.
1. A majority of a state’s pre-war voters
swear loyalty to the Union
2. Guarantees of African American
equality and the right to vote
3. Stricter plan for readmitting rebellious
state
The Radical Republicans passed the Wade-
Davis Bill that required:
I don’t think so Thad!
Lincoln Vetos

24. Johnson’s
Plan
V.P. Andrew Johnson became President after
Lincoln’s death. He intended to follow the broad
outline of Lincoln’s Plan.
Johnson’s Plan included:
1. States were to withdraw
secession.
2. Swear allegiance to the
Union.
3. Ratify the 13th
Amendment & draft a
constitution that
abolished slavery. (FYI
Mississippi did not ratify
this until 2013!!!
“White men alone
must manage the
South.”
You decide!
What does
Johnson mean
by this quote?
Historical Significance: He did not want Blacks to have the right to
vote. He supported states’ rights over federal regulations, therefore,
Johnson v
Radicals 6 mins

26. Johnson’s
Plan
Congress responds by:
Andrew Johnson would use his veto
power to block these laws. Johnson
was now openly defying Congress.
The Radical Republicans that controlled Congress
did not approve of Johnson’s lack of support for
African Americans’ rights.
• Expansion of Freedmen’s Bureau to
include punishing state officials who
fail to extend civil rights to African
Americans.
• Civil Rights Act of 1866 – Ending of
Black Codes by creating a federal
guarantee of civil rights to African
Americans.

27. An inflexible President, 1866: Republican
cartoon shows Johnson knocking Blacks of the
Freedmen’s Bureau by his veto.
Congress believed Johnson was
working against Reconstruction and
overrode his veto.
President Johnson is impeached &
14th Amendment passed. (Citizenship)
Congress did something
unprecedented. With the required
2/3rds majority, it passed major
legislation over a President’s veto.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 became
law.
Congress begins its Reconstruction
Plan, but first they need to take care
of something…

28. Congressional
Reconstruction
Congress overturned Johnson’s vetoes and
enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the
Freedmen’s Bureau.
Congress passed the 14th Amendment, which guaranteed equality
under the law for all citizens.
Congress passed the
Reconstruction Act of 1867,
which divided the 10
southern states into 5
military districts governed
by former Union generals.
The South would be
reconstructed under the
Radical Republicans’
plan.
We will FORCE the South to
make all the necessary
changes!!!!

30. Impeachment – Accusation against a public official of
wrongdoing in office. Bringing charges against the President.
Involves two steps…
• 1st Step: U.S. House of Representatives hold hearings to
decide if there are crimes committed. They then vote on the
charges and if there is a majority, then, charges are brought
against the President.
• 2nd Step: U.S. Senate becomes a courtroom.
The President is tried for the charges brought
against him. The Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court is the judge. Once trial is completed,
Senators must vote to remove President with a
2/3rds vote.

31. • The Presidency would suffer as a
result of this failed impeachment.
• President would be more a figure-
head.
• Saved the separation of powers of
3 branches of government.
• Brought up on 11
charges of high crimes
and misdemeanors.
• Tenure in Office Act:
Law Congress passed.
President can’t fire any
of his cabinet members
without consulting
Congress.
• Fired Edwin Stanton
• Missed being removed
from office by 1 vote.

33. Work with your team to
place the ideas in the bank
with the associated plans.
Discuss with your team
where these ideas belong.