The document provides a detailed lesson plan for teaching modals to students. It includes objectives, topics, materials, and a step-by-step procedure. The procedure involves an opening activity to motivate students, presenting sample sentences with different modals to analyze their functions, and concluding with student understanding of modals like can, could, may, might, will, would, shall and should. The lesson aims to help students correctly use modals and understand their meanings.

1. CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION
A/Y 2013-2014
DETAILED LESSON PLAN
I. Objectives:
At the end of the one hour lesson, 75% of the students are expected to:
1. Choose the appropriate modal to complete a sentence.
2. Cite the importance of using modals in the sentence.
3. Rephrase sentences using the appropriate modal.
II. Subject Matter
1. Topic: Modals
2. Reference: a. Lesson Plans for English as a Foreign Language. Lesson Plans by Catherine Schell & Dr. Gérard Beck, Lesson 7 p.2-7
b. ESLlibrary.com
c. bbclearningenglish.com
d. Functions of Modal Verbs in English compiled by G.V. Kuzmina p. 3-57
e. Prentice Hall Regents p. 202
3. Materials: Projector, netbook, markers, manila papers, room
4. Skills to be developed: critical thinking, analyzing, decision making, time managing
5. Values Integration: cooperation, self-esteem, optimism, appreciation
6. Methodology: 4A’s
III. Procedures:
Time Frame
Teacher’s Hint
Teacher’s Activity
Student’s Activity
Instructional Material
8 minutes
I. Routinary Activity
A. Greetings
B. Prayer
Good afternoon everyone!
I am Darwin O. Sentillas. I am Marlyn P. Musca. We will be your facilitator for this afternoon’s discussion.
Before we begin the lesson this afternoon, let
Good afternoon, Sir and Ma’am!

2. C. Classroom Management
D. Checking of Attendance
E. Motivation
F. Presentation of Objectives
us first ask the guidance of almighty God and let us enlighten our mind to completely understand the topic this afternoon. Would you please lead the prayer?
Class, kindly arrange your seats properly and pick up the pieces of papers under it.
Is there any absentee? Class monitor kindly check the attendance. Thank you!
Now, are you familiar to Avril Lavigne? Have you listened to her songs?
Well, I play here one of her greatest hits— Skater Boy. I want you to listen to the popular song of her.
As I play the song, keep your eyes on the lyrics on the copy I’ve distributed and your ears to the sound. You can also sing the song while it’s playing but bear in mind to sing it softly. I am making myself clear?
(I am now going to play the song.)
What a wonderful choir!
Class this is our objectives for the day. Kindly read the objectives, Rovieanne.
We will dig more about the different modals that express possibility and probability.
In the hand of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Amen
(The student recites a prayer.)
(The students will arrange their seats and pick up the pieces of papers under the chair.)
Yes Sir!
Yes Sir!
No Sir!
Yes Sir!
At the end of our one hour lesson, students are expected to:
1. Choose the appropriate modal to complete a sentence.
2. Cite the importance of using modals in the sentence.
3. Rephrase sentences using appropriate modal.
Video clip
II. Lesson Proper

3. 5 minutes
1. Activity
a. Pre-Activity
Now, group yourselves into three groups by counting 1,2,3,4 alternately. Group 1 position yourselves in the front seats of the left side, group 2 at the back of group 1 while the group 3 you can work at the front chairs in the front of the right wing of this room and the group 4 at the back of the right side of this room. Each group must write at least three sentences on your deduction to the message or story of the song.
I will also give a copy of the lyrics of “Skater Boy” to every group.
By the way here are the criteria for our rubrics. We need to agree on a certain score who meet all the criteria.
CRITERIA
 Sentences should be well-constructed with strong and varied structure which adheres to accepted format, usage, spelling, punctuation and capitalization in the developmental level.
 Four sentences are required.
 Group are ought to demonstrate cooperation and display maximum effort in doing the activity.
 Time consciousness must be present..
 Exceptional discipline can be achieved.
5 criteria=
4 criteria=
3 criteria=
2 criteria=
1 criteria=
(The activity is timed for five minutes only.)
Manila paper

4. 5 minutes
5 minutes
b. Activity Proper
Group 1 you can now start presenting the sentences you’ve constructed.
Group 2 will follow, group 3 should be ready and group 4 must be the last to present the sentences.
Great job everyone!
Thank you for the active participation! Give yourself a Face Dance clap. Did you know how to do it?
Stand up! You just need to clap three times, stamp three times and make face or deform your face in the funniest way. It should last for five seconds.
(The teacher will announce which group won the highest points in the activity.)
Congratulations!
You can now take your seats. Our lesson for today will dig deeper on the different modal and their functions.
(The groups will do the activity in five minutes)
(Each group will present the sentences, accordingly.)
Thank you Sir!
20 minutes
2. Analysis and Abstraction
Modal verbs are a special kind of auxiliary verbs. Like other auxiliary verbs, they are always used with a main verb but modal verbs express an attitude to what we say. They can express how certain or uncertain we are about an event, or how willing or unwilling we are to do something, for example. We will give attention to the four paired forms can and could, will and would, may and might, and shall and should and one of the singular forms- must.
Okay class, I have here different sentences. Who would want to read the sentences?
(A student will volunteer.)
1. I can drive.
2. Can I use your phone please?
Visual materials

5. What did you observe from the sentences?
Very good!
So what is the function of can in the first sentence?
Precisely!
How about in the second sentence?
Correct!
In the third sentence?
How about in the last sentence?
Meaning to say can is used to?
Is that clear?
Who would like to read the next sentences?
Base from what you’ve read, what is the function of could in the different sentences?
3. You can use my phone.
4. Students can pre-enroll the subjects.
Sentences used can.
Can in the first sentence state physical capacity or ability. The persona talking is stating that he is able to driving.
Can in the second sentence ask permission or request.
Can is used to give permission.
Can is used to give an option.
The function of CAN are the ff:
1. Showing ability
2. Suggest possibility or give an option.
3. To ask for or give permission.
Yes Sir!
(A student will volunteer, if not so, the teacher will ask for somebody to recite.)
1. I could cook fish fillet.
2. Could I use your phone please?
3. We could go to the new restaurants.
4. It could rain today.
5. She could be at home.
Could in the first sentence express about ability in the past. In the second sentence, it is use as a polite permission or request. The third sentence conveys suggestion. The fourth sentence tells about possibility

6. Very good!
In other words, could performs as?
Very good!
How about these sentences?
Who would like to read?
Exactly!
So what is the function of may?
Very good!
Who would like to read these sentences?
So what is the function of the sentences?
You’re right!
So might is used to show what?
Correct!
Class, remember that may is used in writing because it is formal while might is more common in conversations.
Are you still up?
Modals are quite confusing but you should
or low probability. The last one articulate on possibility of many.
Could functions as:
1. Past ability
2. Polite permission
3. Suggestion/option
4. It also shows possibility.
1. May I use your phone please?
2. It may rain today.
3. She may be at home.
The first sentence express polite request. The second sentence says possibility, more probable than could.
The third sentence is the same as the second one.
May is used to:
1. Ask for a polite permission (formal way).
2. Give possibility, more probable than could
1. It might rain today.
2. She might be at home.
The probability of the event is greatly reduced when might is used.
Possibility.
Yes Sir!

7. analyze the sentences to use the appropriate modals.
Let’s continue.
Who would like to read these sentences?
What does it have?
Very good! Base from the sentences what are the function of modal “will”?
Very good!
Who would like to read these sentences?
How does “would” perform in the sentence?
1. He will leave for the plane at 7am.
2. I will make dinner.
3. I will call you at 4pm.
4. The summer will be very hot.
5. Will you help me with these boxes?
The first sentence shows action for the future. The second sentence tells about a voluntary action. The third sentence is a promise. The next sentence after that is a prediction. The last question is a polite question.
The functions of the modal will are the ff:
1. State future action.
2. Voluntary action.
3. Promise
4. Prediction
5. To ask polite question.
1. When I lived in Manila, I would go to the mall every day.
2. Mark promised that he would help me with my Math homework.
The first sentence indicated repeated action in the past.
The second sentence indicates future time in the sentence that is in the past.

8. Very well said!
Do you understand?
How about these sentences? Who would like to read?
It is observable that the sentences have shall. What is the difference of function from each sentence?
Very well said!
So from the sentences mentioned, can you tell me the function of modal “shall”?
That’s right!
Would you please these sentences? (pointing the student)
Who can tell me the function of modal verb “should”?
1. Would function to indicate a repeated action in the past.
2. It also indicates future time in the sentence that is in the past.
Yes Sir!
1. The defendant shall pay a fine of $200.
2. Shall we begin?
3. Thou shall not kill.
The first sentence tells something about legal obligation. The second sentence of interrogative shows suggestion. The third sentence is a future action.
Function of shall
1. It state obligation.
2. Suggestion
3. Future action, rare, British
1. You should try the new restaurant downtown.
2. I should renew my driver’s license.
3. You should receive my letter in two days.
The first sentence shows advisability. The second sentence tells about obligation. The last sentence shows expectation.

9. Very good!
And lastly, who wants to read and share his analysis about these sentences?
What about these sentences?
What is the function of “must” in the sentence?
Do you all understand the different modal?
Functions:
1. To give advice.
2. To show obligation.
3. To show expectation.
1. I must call my parent tonight.
2. She must be at home.
The first sentence tells about necessity and the other one shows very high probability.
Function of must.
1. Indicate necessity or obligation.
2. Shows very high probability.
Yes Sir!
12 minutes
3. Application
In a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following activity.
A. Choose among the choices the correct modal that is appropriate in the sentence. Write your answer in a ¼ sheet of paper.
1. She looks pretty sick. I think she _____ go to the doctor. (can, should)
2. You’ve been driving all day. You _____ be exhausted! (should, must)
3. Hey I’m lost! _____ you help me? (should, can)
4. I _____ do that if I were you! (could, should)
5. ______ we send the package by mail or by express? (Will, Shall)
B. Paraphrase the sentences using

10. appropriate modal. Write your answer at the back of the paper.
e.g. It is possible that he comes with us tonight.
(He might come with us tonight.)
1. There is a 100% chance of rain tomorrow.
(It will rain tomorrow.)
2. It is possible for them to travel to Boracay Beach for the holidays.
(They can travel to Boracay Beach for the holidays.)
3. Please drive carefully tonight, ok?
(Would you drive carefully tonight?)
4. It is very unlikely that we get a loan from the bank, but it’s possible.
(We might not get a loan from the bank.)
5. Perhaps Sarah lends Simon some money.
(Sarah may lend Simon some money.)
C. Match two columns to identify the use of each modal verb. Write the letter only.
1. He must be on time to make a good impression.
2. Abe asks if he can call her back Friday morning.
3. Lyla should be happy to get his call.
4. You should visit a doctor.
5. She says she may be available on Friday.
a. Obligation
b. Advice
c. Polite request
d. Rational probability
e. Possibility
f. permission

11. 2 minutes
III. Valuing
Who could tell me the importance of modal?
Use the appropriate modal to express polite sentence and have respect to the one you are talking with.
That’s awesome! Very well said!
We have tackled nine modal auxiliary verbs, but they are used with very great frequency and in wide range of meanings. They express concepts or attitudes (they fulfill different functions) relating to recommendation, obligation, necessity, and prohibition, and refusal; possibility, expectation, probability and certainty; promise and intention, ability and willingness.
5 minutes
IV. Generalization
Who would like to generalize our lesson this afternoon?
Yes it is!
Who could give me the function of modal “can”?
How about “could”? Come on guys!
That’s right!
How about may and might?
Thank you! That was right!
So now, will and would?
Our lesson is about the different functions of different modals.
The function of CAN are the ff:
1. Showing ability
2. Suggest possibility or give an option.
3. To ask for or give permission.
Could functions as:
5. Past ability
6. Polite permission
7. Suggestion/option
It also shows possibility.
May is used in writing because it is formal while might is more common in conversations.
The functions of the modal will are the ff:

12. Okay correct!
How about shall and should?
Very nice!
And lastly, must. Who would like to end it up?
Our lesson ends up here. Kindly, prepare ¼ sheet of paper and answer the following questions.
1. State future action.
2. Voluntary action.
3. Promise
4. Prediction
5. To ask polite question.
1. Would function to indicate a repeated action in the past.
2. It also indicates future time in the sentence that is in the past.
Function of shall
4. It state obligation.
5. Suggestion
Future action, rare, British
Functions of should:
4. To give advice.
5. To show obligation.
To show expectation.
Function of must.
3. Indicate necessity or obligation.
Shows very high probability.
IV. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Choose among the choices of modals to what is appropriate in the following sentences.
1. They _____ (must/may) be away for the weekends but I’m not sure.
2. He _____ (can/could) be French, judging by his accent.
3. I _____ (could/shall) go to the town plaza on Saturday.
4. This _____ (must/could) be the right answer but we’ll have to check with your teacher to make sure.
5. _____ (May/Can) you play the piano?

13. 6. That looks very expensive! It _____ (should, must) have cost a fortune!
7. Hello Juan! Diego _____ (may, might) cook a viand if we visit him.
8. If I go to Laguna, I _____ (would, will) see the house of Jose Rizal’s family.
9. I think you _____ (should, can) take the train; it's faster than the bus.
10. _____ (Will, Would) you lend me two dollars to buy a coffee please?
Prepared by:
Sentillas, Darwin O.
Musca, Marlyn P.