Lesson 8 Federalism 2
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The document discusses the changing nature of federalism in the United States. It examines how the relationship between the federal and state governments shifted towards stronger central government control in the 20th century until the 1970s, and then moved back towards states' rights after the 1970s. It poses exam-style questions about how and why this change occurred and the pros and cons of federalism. It also provides background on key Supreme Court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden that expanded federal power and centralized authority in the early 19th century.
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Assignment_and_Introduction.docxLesson IntroductionThe frame.docx
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Lesson Introduction
The framers' distrust of human nature is nowhere better reflected than in their treatment of the issues represented by Federalism. It was the framers' goal to divide power—to make it so difficult to hold and exercise power that the government would only act when there was substantial support for its policies. In the preceding lesson, we learned how the framers provided for a system of separation of powers among the institutions of the national government: no single individual or body of individuals is to hold exclusive executive, legislative, or judicial power. The framers used Federalism as a second means of dividing political power.
Federalism refers to the division and sharing of constitutionally assigned or implied powers between the national and state governments. America's federal system, a mixture of states' rights and national supremacy, permits the states and municipalities control over a number of important programs—highways, education, the police, land regulations, etc. While the federal government possesses enormous power, it must persuade the states to govern in ways that will meet national political, economic, and social goals. The states may not always be so persuaded—witness the years of resistance to progressive civil rights legislation passed by Congress, or the desegregation rulings of the United States Supreme Court.
Before completing this lesson, ask yourself: In a country of our size, complexity, and diversity can any one level of government ever respond to the needs and demands of its citizens?
Assignment - Federalism and the Growth of Government
Directions:
Essay Questions. Answer the following questions thoroughly. These questions must be submitted for grading. Take your time and completely answer each one. Remember: Do not copy your answers from the textbook. Each answer should be one to two pages long.
1. For the past 200 years, there has been a continuing debate in the U.S. over what is a proper division of power between the state and national governments. One of the reasons for this is that the Constitution is not specific in assigning authority for all government functions. What specific division of power between state and national governments is made by the Constitution? Identify important policies, judicial decisions, and historical events (studied in this chapter) that affected the division of power between state and national governments and explain how they have affected it.
2. Federalism is only one type of arrangement of government power. Name two other systems that arrange government powers. How are these two systems different from federalism?
3. It is often argued that state governments are "closer to the people" than the federal government. What are some of the arguments (studied in this chapter) for suggesting that state governments are closer to the people than the federal government? What are some of the arguments suggesting that states are not ...
From Americas Democratic Republic book Chapters 1 & 2 & 3 Be.docx
From America's Democratic Republic book Chapters 1 & 2 & 3 :
Be able to define and briefly discuss the significance of the following terms as per lecture & assigned readings:
• Government
• Politics
• Social Contract Theory
• Declaration of Independence
• Tyranny
• Popular sovereignty
• Political equality
• Political liberty
• Inalienable (natural) rights
• Limited government
• Democratic Republic
• Direct Democracy
• Shay’s Rebellion
• Confederation
• Articles of Confederation
• Electoral College
• Supremacy Clause
• Elastic (“necessary & proper”) clause
• Bill of Rights
• Separation of Powers
• Bicameral Legislature
• Checks & Balance
• Judicial Review
• Full Faith & Credit Clause
• Extradition
• Privileges & Immunities Clause
• Federalism
• 10th Amendment
• Reserved powers
• Delegated powers
• Devolution
• Categorical grants
• Block grants
• Unfunded mandate
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Great Society Programs (LBJ)
• The New Deal (FDR)
• Civil War
• Hurricane Katrina
• Medical Marijuana
Questions:
1. According to scholars (such as Locke), why is government necessary?
2. What conditions in the country convinced leading citizens that the Articles of
Confederation were not working and a new system of government was needed?
3. What were the “major flaws” in the Articles of Confederation that the delegates
sought to correct with a new constitution?
4. Identify the major challenges facing delegates attending the Constitutional
Convention. How did the delegates resolve these challenges?
5. Identify and briefly discuss the four (4) major compromises reached by delegates
at the Constitutional Convention. Why were such compromises necessary?
6. Why did the Founders create a Democratic Republic instead of a Direct
Democracy?
7. Respond to the claim that the American political system has become more
democratic. Be precise and illustrate with concrete examples.
8. What did the Founders do to guard against tyranny of the majority (the people)?
9. What did the Founders do to guard against tyranny by the elite (those in power)? 10. What did the Founders do to promote popular sovereignty?
11. What did the Founders do to create a document that would be sufficiently flexible
to serve the nation as a blueprint for government during the 21st century? Do you think they succeeded? In other words, do you believe that the U.S. Constitution is still viable?
12. To what goals or ends did the Founders commit the new government? How do you know?
13. The U.S. Constitution has been amended only 27 times. What have been the two (2) major themes of these amendments?
14. According to Charles Beard, the Constitution’s framers were mainly interested in protecting economic rights. Defend or challenge this position.
15. In what ways did the U.S Constitution give support to the institution of slavery? 16. What does the U.S. Cons.
Chapter3
This document provides an overview of federalism in the United States. It discusses how the balance of power between the federal and state governments has shifted over time toward greater federal control. The document also analyzes some of the advantages and disadvantages of federalism, including how it can encourage policy innovation at the state level but also create challenges for deliberation at the national level. Additionally, it examines contemporary issues around federalism such as regulation, welfare, education, crime, and same-sex marriage.
Am Federalism
The document discusses the history and evolution of federalism in the United States over several periods:
1. Dual federalism from 1787-1868 established a limited national government with states retaining most power.
2. Cooperative federalism from 1938-1964 saw increased federal regulation during the Great Depression and New Deal era.
3. Centralized federalism from 1964-1980 expanded further under programs like the Great Society and increased federal grants to states.
4. New federalism since 1980 has aimed to devolve more power back to state governments under Reagan and through Supreme Court cases limiting federal authority.
Answer five of the following medium-length questions (300 word limit.docx
Answer five of the following medium-length questions (300 word limit per answer). Each answer is 20 points each.
1) Why did the Articles of Confederation Fail? How did the Constitution help remedy the problems created by the Articles of Confederation?
2) What were the main points of contention between the framers in designing the Constitution and how were they resolved?
3) Most of the framers felt that the Constitution adequately protected the states against encroachment by the national government. Why, then, has the power of the national government expanded throughout US history?
4) Why have civil rights and racial issues been a major point of contention in U.S. federalism between the federal government and the states? What are some of these in that have pitted the federal government against the states in U.S. civil rights history?
5) How did the civil rights demonstrations of the 1960s change the political calculations of politicians like President Kennedy and President Johnson? How were the demonstrations planned strategically to increase pressure on politicians?
6) What are the main factors the Supreme Court takes into consideration when deciding whether or not it hears a case?
7) How are federal judges are selected for their positions? How and why have the appointment of Supreme Court judges provoked political battles in recent decades?
.
barbour4
This document provides an overview of key concepts in the US Constitution, including federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and the three branches of government. It discusses how the founders created a flexible system of government with institutions to make, enforce, and interpret laws. It also examines how American federalism has evolved over time with a shifting balance of power between the federal and state governments.
Ch 3 Federalism
This document provides an overview of federalism in the United States. It summarizes key aspects of federalism including how power is divided between the federal and state governments constitutionally, how federalism has evolved from dual to cooperative federalism, and how fiscal federalism works through grants. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of federalism for democracy in the US.
Federalism and models of Intergovernmental relation
Federalism involves both shared rule and self-rule through a multi-tiered government system. Intergovernmental relations (IGR) are ubiquitous in federal systems as they facilitate cooperation between different levels of government in areas of overlapping responsibilities. IGR can be analyzed using various approaches such as institutional, political, sociological, and process-based. Over time, federalism has evolved from dual federalism of separate federal and state governments, to cooperative federalism emphasizing interdependence and partnership, and more recently to competitive federalism advocating greater autonomy and policy competition. Both cooperation and competition have benefits as well as criticisms, and the appropriate balance depends on the specific country context.
POL 318 State Consitutions
This document provides information about state constitutions and how they differ from the U.S. Constitution. It discusses key features of state constitutions such as being more detailed documents that focus on specific policies, having undergone more revisions than the U.S. Constitution, and generally requiring balanced budgets. The document also notes some of the processes states use to amend their constitutions, such as legislative proposals, initiatives and referendums, constitutional conventions, and constitutional commissions.
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O documento discute o impacto do Google e do MySpace na forma como as pessoas buscam informações e se conectam, e levanta questões sobre como encontrar padrões, ouvir a Terra e se a humanidade pode ser melhor que computadores.
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La dedicatoria del poema es a aquellos que comparten el pan, la carencia, las tormentas y el refugio del árbol de los sueños. También está dedicado al sol que brilla en la sonrisa de la madre del autor, llamada Luzmira, y a sus hermanos Carlos, Pablo y Carla. Finalmente, está dedicado a los ojos de la razón del autor.
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Assignment_and_Introduction.docx
Lesson Introduction
The framers' distrust of human nature is nowhere better reflected than in their treatment of the issues represented by Federalism. It was the framers' goal to divide power—to make it so difficult to hold and exercise power that the government would only act when there was substantial support for its policies. In the preceding lesson, we learned how the framers provided for a system of separation of powers among the institutions of the national government: no single individual or body of individuals is to hold exclusive executive, legislative, or judicial power. The framers used Federalism as a second means of dividing political power.
Federalism refers to the division and sharing of constitutionally assigned or implied powers between the national and state governments. America's federal system, a mixture of states' rights and national supremacy, permits the states and municipalities control over a number of important programs—highways, education, the police, land regulations, etc. While the federal government possesses enormous power, it must persuade the states to govern in ways that will meet national political, economic, and social goals. The states may not always be so persuaded—witness the years of resistance to progressive civil rights legislation passed by Congress, or the desegregation rulings of the United States Supreme Court.
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Directions:
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1. For the past 200 years, there has been a continuing debate in the U.S. over what is a proper division of power between the state and national governments. One of the reasons for this is that the Constitution is not specific in assigning authority for all government functions. What specific division of power between state and national governments is made by the Constitution? Identify important policies, judicial decisions, and historical events (studied in this chapter) that affected the division of power between state and national governments and explain how they have affected it.
2. Federalism is only one type of arrangement of government power. Name two other systems that arrange government powers. How are these two systems different from federalism?
3. It is often argued that state governments are "closer to the people" than the federal government. What are some of the arguments (studied in this chapter) for suggesting that state governments are closer to the people than the federal government? What are some of the arguments suggesting that states are not ...
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Be able to define and briefly discuss the significance of the following terms as per lecture & assigned readings:
• Government
• Politics
• Social Contract Theory
• Declaration of Independence
• Tyranny
• Popular sovereignty
• Political equality
• Political liberty
• Inalienable (natural) rights
• Limited government
• Democratic Republic
• Direct Democracy
• Shay’s Rebellion
• Confederation
• Articles of Confederation
• Electoral College
• Supremacy Clause
• Elastic (“necessary & proper”) clause
• Bill of Rights
• Separation of Powers
• Bicameral Legislature
• Checks & Balance
• Judicial Review
• Full Faith & Credit Clause
• Extradition
• Privileges & Immunities Clause
• Federalism
• 10th Amendment
• Reserved powers
• Delegated powers
• Devolution
• Categorical grants
• Block grants
• Unfunded mandate
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Great Society Programs (LBJ)
• The New Deal (FDR)
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Questions:
1. According to scholars (such as Locke), why is government necessary?
2. What conditions in the country convinced leading citizens that the Articles of
Confederation were not working and a new system of government was needed?
3. What were the “major flaws” in the Articles of Confederation that the delegates
sought to correct with a new constitution?
4. Identify the major challenges facing delegates attending the Constitutional
Convention. How did the delegates resolve these challenges?
5. Identify and briefly discuss the four (4) major compromises reached by delegates
at the Constitutional Convention. Why were such compromises necessary?
6. Why did the Founders create a Democratic Republic instead of a Direct
Democracy?
7. Respond to the claim that the American political system has become more
democratic. Be precise and illustrate with concrete examples.
8. What did the Founders do to guard against tyranny of the majority (the people)?
9. What did the Founders do to guard against tyranny by the elite (those in power)? 10. What did the Founders do to promote popular sovereignty?
11. What did the Founders do to create a document that would be sufficiently flexible
to serve the nation as a blueprint for government during the 21st century? Do you think they succeeded? In other words, do you believe that the U.S. Constitution is still viable?
12. To what goals or ends did the Founders commit the new government? How do you know?
13. The U.S. Constitution has been amended only 27 times. What have been the two (2) major themes of these amendments?
14. According to Charles Beard, the Constitution’s framers were mainly interested in protecting economic rights. Defend or challenge this position.
15. In what ways did the U.S Constitution give support to the institution of slavery? 16. What does the U.S. Cons.
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This document provides an overview of federalism in the United States. It discusses how the balance of power between the federal and state governments has shifted over time toward greater federal control. The document also analyzes some of the advantages and disadvantages of federalism, including how it can encourage policy innovation at the state level but also create challenges for deliberation at the national level. Additionally, it examines contemporary issues around federalism such as regulation, welfare, education, crime, and same-sex marriage.
Am Federalism
The document discusses the history and evolution of federalism in the United States over several periods:
1. Dual federalism from 1787-1868 established a limited national government with states retaining most power.
2. Cooperative federalism from 1938-1964 saw increased federal regulation during the Great Depression and New Deal era.
3. Centralized federalism from 1964-1980 expanded further under programs like the Great Society and increased federal grants to states.
4. New federalism since 1980 has aimed to devolve more power back to state governments under Reagan and through Supreme Court cases limiting federal authority.
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Answer five of the following medium-length questions (300 word limit per answer). Each answer is 20 points each.
1) Why did the Articles of Confederation Fail? How did the Constitution help remedy the problems created by the Articles of Confederation?
2) What were the main points of contention between the framers in designing the Constitution and how were they resolved?
3) Most of the framers felt that the Constitution adequately protected the states against encroachment by the national government. Why, then, has the power of the national government expanded throughout US history?
4) Why have civil rights and racial issues been a major point of contention in U.S. federalism between the federal government and the states? What are some of these in that have pitted the federal government against the states in U.S. civil rights history?
5) How did the civil rights demonstrations of the 1960s change the political calculations of politicians like President Kennedy and President Johnson? How were the demonstrations planned strategically to increase pressure on politicians?
6) What are the main factors the Supreme Court takes into consideration when deciding whether or not it hears a case?
7) How are federal judges are selected for their positions? How and why have the appointment of Supreme Court judges provoked political battles in recent decades?
.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in the US Constitution, including federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and the three branches of government. It discusses how the founders created a flexible system of government with institutions to make, enforce, and interpret laws. It also examines how American federalism has evolved over time with a shifting balance of power between the federal and state governments.
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This document provides an overview of federalism in the United States. It summarizes key aspects of federalism including how power is divided between the federal and state governments constitutionally, how federalism has evolved from dual to cooperative federalism, and how fiscal federalism works through grants. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of federalism for democracy in the US.
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Federalism involves both shared rule and self-rule through a multi-tiered government system. Intergovernmental relations (IGR) are ubiquitous in federal systems as they facilitate cooperation between different levels of government in areas of overlapping responsibilities. IGR can be analyzed using various approaches such as institutional, political, sociological, and process-based. Over time, federalism has evolved from dual federalism of separate federal and state governments, to cooperative federalism emphasizing interdependence and partnership, and more recently to competitive federalism advocating greater autonomy and policy competition. Both cooperation and competition have benefits as well as criticisms, and the appropriate balance depends on the specific country context.
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This document provides information about state constitutions and how they differ from the U.S. Constitution. It discusses key features of state constitutions such as being more detailed documents that focus on specific policies, having undergone more revisions than the U.S. Constitution, and generally requiring balanced budgets. The document also notes some of the processes states use to amend their constitutions, such as legislative proposals, initiatives and referendums, constitutional conventions, and constitutional commissions.
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Study Outline for Chapter 3: Federalism
Argumentative Essay On Constitutional Federalism
Essay On Federalism
Essay on Federalism
federalism Essay
Essay on Balanced Federalism
Essay On Dual Federalism
Federalism Essay
Federalism And The Other Federalism
Federalism Essay
Federalist Arguments
Federalism Vs Federal Government
3) Define Federalism. Explain the development of Federalism from the.docx
3) Define Federalism. Explain the development of Federalism from the ratification of the Constitution to today. How do we explain the different forms of federalism or changes in the relationship between the federal government and the states that have emerged through the years? In what ways do the National government and the state governments come into conflict (over what kinds of issues)? What stage do you think federalism is in today? Why?
Make sure to support your answer with a current event. Cite it in the paper.
Make sure to discuss the Supreme Court decisions that have shaped/influenced the development of federalism AND ANY OTHER IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENTS. You should provide a thesis in this essay.
Important terms—Federalist/Anti-federalist, John Marshall, Commerce Clause, Implied Powers, Article VI (supremacy clause) McCulloch v Maryland, Gibbons s Ogden, Dual Federalism, Cooperative Federalism, Civil War Amendments, Civil Rights Legislation, Brown V. Board(1954), Cohens vs. Virginia(1821), U.S. vs. E.C. Night(1898), Creative Federalism, No Child Left Behind, Devolution, Laissez Faire Federalism, Creative Federalism, Great Society, War on Poverty, 10th A, Printz v US, US v Lopez (1995) Hamner v. Dagenhart (1918), Lochner v. New York (1919), Doctrine of Succession, Doctrine of Nullification, etc (there are more cases). Also make sure to discuss the video Can States do it Better? (in class). It should be in five pages and in thesis statement
.
1. The federal government has grown immensely since 1789. Discuss
The document discusses the growth of the federal government since 1789 and asks questions about whether it will continue growing and why or why not. It also asks about specific vs. vague constitutional provisions and how the latter have allowed Americans to adapt to changing times. Comparisons are requested of federalism under FDR, Nixon, Clinton and Bush. Questions are posed about remaining state/regional differences and homogenizing influences, as well as intact political subcultures and regional resentments. Reasons why the federal system may be tilting toward decentralization and fragmentation are sought. Examples are requested of types of federal aid a community/state receives daily.
Keynote 3
The document discusses the origins and evolution of federalism in the United States, including the different perspectives at the Constitutional Convention, the division of powers between the national and state governments, and how the Supreme Court has interpreted these divisions over time. It covers major eras like the rise of national power under John Marshall, dual federalism, cooperative federalism during the New Deal, and the modern concept of new federalism beginning in the 1980s. Key Supreme Court cases and amendments helped shape how federalism operates in practice in the American system.
Foundations of the U.S. Federal Government WorksheetPOL215 Ve.docx
Foundations of the U.S. Federal Government Worksheet
POL/215 Version 4
1
University of Phoenix Material
Foundations of the U.S. Federal Government Worksheet
Complete the chart below by identifying the three branches of government and their entities.
U.S. Constitution
True or False
1. The Tenth Amendment limits the power of states. True or False
2. The Constitution signed in 1787 contained the Bill of Rights. True or False
3. The Constitution created a system of dual sovereignty, meaning the federal government has exclusive power in interstate commerce. True or False
4. The president and vice president are part of the legislative branch. True or False
5. Congress can impose federal mandates, which require the state government to comply with its orders. True or False
Multiple Choice
6. The concept of dual federalism
a. ended about 1980
b. is analogous to the marble cake image of federalism
c. limited state power
d. viewed federal and state power as fixed
7. The Bill of Rights is
a. contained in the Preamble to the Constitution
b. Article I of the original Constitution
c. the first 10 amendments to the Constitution
8. The legislative branch is composed of which of the following:
a. The House of Representatives and Senate
b. The president and vice president
c. The Supreme Court
d. All state constitutions
9. The First Amendment of the Constitution regards which of the following:
a. The right to keep and bear arms
b. The right to trial by jury in civil cases
c. Limiting the power of the federal government
d. Freedom of religion, of speech, of the press, to assemble, and to petition
10. The modern-day structure of categorical federal grants-in-aid came into being
a. at the end of World War II
b. in the 1930s
c. soon after the Civil War
d. in the mid-1960s
Short Answer
Respond to each question in 75 to 100 words.
11. What are some of the historical events that shaped the formation of the U.S. federal government? Select one event you think had a major effect on the federal government. How does this event affect U.S. citizens today?
12. Who were some of the early philosophical contributors to U.S. government? How did their ideas help shape the current government of the United States?
13. Describe the historical role of the Supreme Court in federalism cases and the direction it has taken since 1990.
14. What is the main function of the legislative branch? What role does the executive branch play in the formation of laws? Summarize how these two branches work together.
15. What is the role of the judicial branch? Who elects members of this branch? Briefly describe the judicial process.
Short Essay
16. In 250 to 300 words, define federalism and summarize its role relative to the current U.S. political climate.
3.
9.
8.
2.
7.
6.
5.
4.
.
Federalism PPT
This document discusses the concept of federalism, which refers to a system of government that divides power between a central national government and several state or local governments. It outlines some key aspects of federalism such as the sharing and balancing of powers between federal and state governments. For example, the national government is responsible for national defense but not local issues like smoking laws. The document also examines different models of federalism and how the balance of power between federal and state governments has evolved over time in the United States.
Bianco Federalism PPT
This document discusses the concept of federalism, which refers to a system of government that divides power between a central national government and several state or local governments. It outlines some key aspects of federalism, including how power is balanced and shared between different levels of government. For example, the national government is responsible for issues like national defense, while states have powers over issues such as smoking laws. The document also examines different models of federalism and how the balance of power between national and state governments has evolved over time in the United States.
AP Executive Branch Test
The document outlines topics related to presidential powers and the executive branch, including what the president can do alone, with the Senate, and with Congress as a whole. It discusses areas where presidential power is weak or strong and the hiring and firing process. It also mentions the bureaucracy, restraints on bureaucracy, sources of presidential power, checks and balances between the branches, impeachment, vetoes, treaties, White House staff, electoral college, cabinet secretaries, growth of presidential prestige, succession acts, qualifications for presidency, and attempts to reduce presidential power such as through the War Powers Act and Budget Impoundment Act.
Chapter 3 study guide
This document provides a study guide for a chapter 3 test, listing key terms and concepts across 4 sections. Section 1 focuses on the preamble, articles 1-7 of the constitution, the supremacy clause, and 6 principles of the constitution. Section 2 covers expressed powers, enumerated powers of congress, the elastic clause, and presidential powers. Section 3 discusses the steps to amend the constitution and options within those steps. Section 4 lists several important amendments to the constitution. The study guide is intended to help the student earn extra credit by explaining these constitutional concepts in brief.
His 303 entire course the american constitution new coursework
This document provides an overview and instructions for the HIS 303 Entire Course on the American Constitution. It includes summaries of the weekly coursework, which covers topics such as the English influences on colonial political institutions, the Constitutional Convention of 1787, debates over federalism and states' rights, the expansion of presidential power, the New Deal, and contemporary issues regarding interpretations of the Constitution. Students are asked to discuss these topics by drawing connections to primary documents, videos, and scholarly secondary sources. The final paper involves examining the history of a single constitutional issue in depth and justifying an interpretation of how it should be understood today.
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Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
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Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
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