Control and robotics for 3rd ESO bilingual students

1. Lesson 8: Control and
robotics
Technology: 3rd ESO

2. Index
Control system: definition
 Types of control systems
 Parts of a control system
 Robots: Definition
 Parts of a robot
 Types of robots


3. Control system: Definition

A control system is a device capable of controlling
enviromental conditions. They normally detect an
enviromental signal, compare it with a fixed value
set by the user and act over it.
Regulation signal
Input signal
Control
System
Output signal
Index

4. Types of control systems I: Open
1: open (ciclo abierto)
The performance of the system over the enviromental
condition has not feedback.
We use a clock (time signal) to start or stop the performance
 The system is quite simple
 The control over the signal is quite poor. We are not sure
we reach the required value
Regulation signal
Input signal
Control
System
Output signal
Index

5. Types of control system: Real time
2 real time (ciclo cerrado)
There is a feedback. The
output signal is detected
by the control system an
converted until the set
value is reached

The system is more
complex and expensive

High performance. There
is accuraccy controlling the
enviromental condition.

Regulation signal
Input signal
Control
System
Output signal
Index

6. Parts of a control system (real time)



I.
II.
III.
Sensor (detector): It
registers the input signal
and generates a prportional
electric signal
Regulator: It compares the
input signal with the signal
set by user. It generates a
signal proportional to the
difference between them
Actuator: This component
acts over the enviromental
condition. Actuators can be
Electric receivers: bulbs,
motors, resistances
(heating)
Pneumatic (air): mechanic
movements, weak and fast
Hidraulic (oil): mechanic
movements, strong and
slower
Index

7. Robots


A robot is a mechanical or
virtual
artificial
agent,
usually
an
electromochanical machine
that
is guided
by a
computer
program
or
electronic circuitry.
Due to its appearance or
automatic
movements
robot can convey a sense
of intelligence or thougth
of its own
Index

8. Why would we use robots?





We use robots to
Repetitive tasks, such
as welding,
screwdriving…
Dangerous tasks, such
as desactivating
bombs
Activities which
humans can`t do due
to our size
Activities in odd
enviroments, unable
for humans.
Index

9. Are robots always better?
Robots may be better for
repetitive, accurate or
dangerous tasks but
 Robots haver not a
thougth of their own
 Robots can not improvise.
If there is an unpredicted
problem, they won’t be
able to perform a task
 Robot’s capacity to interact
with people is limited.
Index

10. Parts of a robot
We can consider a
robot as a control
system where the
actuator is a
kinematic chain.
Therefore we have
 Detectors
 Computer: controls
the device
 Kinematic chain:
Index

11. Types of robots
Robots can be
classified according
to many
parameters:
 Movement
Coordinates.
 Where they work
Index

12. Types of robots: Moving
coordinates


Cartesian robots
are those which
move according to
x-y-z coordinates
Polar or cylindrical
robots can describe
a circular
movement in a
plane as well as a
linear one which is
perpendicular to it
Index

13. Androids



An android is a robot
with a human
resemblance. They try
to imitate human
movements and
actions.
They can consist of a
human like part, such
as an arm or either a
whole human body.
Androids are still
under developement
Index