1) Great Britain experienced significant economic challenges after the Napoleonic Wars including large debts and unemployment as demand fell for manufactured goods. The Corn Laws which taxed imported corn protected domestic farmers but hurt others. 2) In response to growing discontent, the Peterloo Massacre in 1819 saw protesters killed by cavalry which led to new laws curbing protests. The Reform Bill of 1832 expanded voting rights although most remained disenfranchised. 3) The Anti-Corn Law League campaigned for free trade and the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1848. Chartism in the 1830s-40s advocated for broader political and social reforms through non-violent means with limited success.