It is well established that stress weakens our immune system. Scientific research in recent times has showed that the physiological, psychological and biochemical effects of Yoga are of an anti-stress nature. Mechanisms postulated included the restoration of autonomic balance as well as an improvement in restorative, regenerative and rehabilitative capacities of the individual. A healthy inner sense of well being produced by a life of Yoga percolates down through the different levels of our existence from the higher to the lower producing health and wellbeing of a holistic nature.
ABSTRACT: “Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,” said Rudyard Kipling. This dichotomy however seems to have been overcome in recent times, as many eastern healing traditions have slowly and steadily percolated the health care system worldwide. This is especially true of mind–body therapies that focus on the health promotive intrinsic connections that exist between the human brain, mind, body, and individual behaviour. This includes techniques of meditation (mantra meditation, mindfulness meditation, and others), qi gong, tai chi, and yoga.
This article appeared in the Annals of SBV 2014; 3 (1): 29-41.
Yoga as a mode of therapy has become extremely popular, and a great number of studies and systematic reviews offer scientific evidence of its potential in treating a wide range of psychosomatic conditions. Healthy life can be considered as a by-product of practicing yogic techniques since it has been observed that yoga practitioners are physically and mentally healthier and have better coping skills to stressors than the normal population. This review paper details some of the health promoting benefits of yoga as well as discusses the important cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and metabolic conditions in which it may have preventive, supportive, curative and rehabilitative potential. Role of yoga in stress, mental health, cancer, pregnancy and childhood are also detailed. Mechanisms for such beneficial physiological, biochemical and psychological effects are discussed. Psycho-neuro-endocrine changes including correction of GABAergic activity, and parasympathetic activation coupled with decreased reactivity of sympathoadrenal system and HPA axis are highlighted. Changes in the various evaluated parameters for different conditions are detailed and discussed with ample references. Though most studies and reviews suggest a number of areas where yoga may be beneficial, more research is required for virtually every one of them to establish their benefits conclusively. This is true in the process of introducing any new therapy into the modern health care system and is not surprising when we consider that the proper studies on yoga as a therapeutic modality are not older than a few decades. It is important to develop objective measures of various mind-body therapies and their techniques while including them in intervention trials. An overview is given of the lacunae present in the reviewed studies and suggestions given for improvements in future studies. In conclusion, we can say that yoga has preventive, promotive as well as curative potential and that a yogic lifestyle confers many advantages to the practitioner. Since lifestyle related diseases are alarmingly on the rise in our modern society, yogic lifestyle that is cost effective and relatively safe, should be given a special place in preventing and managing these diseases.
Yoga for Nursing Students: Rationale & Psychophysical Benefits
A presentation for the HPE2016 conference by Dr. Meena Ramanathan (Cordinator-cum-Yoga Therapist CYTER), Dr. Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani (Deputy Director CYTER) and Dr K Renuka (Dean, Faculty of Nursing), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India.
It is well established that stress weakens our immune system. Scientific research in recent times has showed that the physiological, psychological and biochemical effects of Yoga are of an anti-stress nature. Mechanisms postulated included the restoration of autonomic balance as well as an improvement in restorative, regenerative and rehabilitative capacities of the individual. A healthy inner sense of well being produced by a life of Yoga percolates down through the different levels of our existence from the higher to the lower producing health and wellbeing of a holistic nature.
ABSTRACT: “Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,” said Rudyard Kipling. This dichotomy however seems to have been overcome in recent times, as many eastern healing traditions have slowly and steadily percolated the health care system worldwide. This is especially true of mind–body therapies that focus on the health promotive intrinsic connections that exist between the human brain, mind, body, and individual behaviour. This includes techniques of meditation (mantra meditation, mindfulness meditation, and others), qi gong, tai chi, and yoga.
This article appeared in the Annals of SBV 2014; 3 (1): 29-41.
Yoga as a mode of therapy has become extremely popular, and a great number of studies and systematic reviews offer scientific evidence of its potential in treating a wide range of psychosomatic conditions. Healthy life can be considered as a by-product of practicing yogic techniques since it has been observed that yoga practitioners are physically and mentally healthier and have better coping skills to stressors than the normal population. This review paper details some of the health promoting benefits of yoga as well as discusses the important cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and metabolic conditions in which it may have preventive, supportive, curative and rehabilitative potential. Role of yoga in stress, mental health, cancer, pregnancy and childhood are also detailed. Mechanisms for such beneficial physiological, biochemical and psychological effects are discussed. Psycho-neuro-endocrine changes including correction of GABAergic activity, and parasympathetic activation coupled with decreased reactivity of sympathoadrenal system and HPA axis are highlighted. Changes in the various evaluated parameters for different conditions are detailed and discussed with ample references. Though most studies and reviews suggest a number of areas where yoga may be beneficial, more research is required for virtually every one of them to establish their benefits conclusively. This is true in the process of introducing any new therapy into the modern health care system and is not surprising when we consider that the proper studies on yoga as a therapeutic modality are not older than a few decades. It is important to develop objective measures of various mind-body therapies and their techniques while including them in intervention trials. An overview is given of the lacunae present in the reviewed studies and suggestions given for improvements in future studies. In conclusion, we can say that yoga has preventive, promotive as well as curative potential and that a yogic lifestyle confers many advantages to the practitioner. Since lifestyle related diseases are alarmingly on the rise in our modern society, yogic lifestyle that is cost effective and relatively safe, should be given a special place in preventing and managing these diseases.
Yoga for Nursing Students: Rationale & Psychophysical Benefits
A presentation for the HPE2016 conference by Dr. Meena Ramanathan (Cordinator-cum-Yoga Therapist CYTER), Dr. Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani (Deputy Director CYTER) and Dr K Renuka (Dean, Faculty of Nursing), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India.
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's invited presentation on, "Yoga as a means to Aid Recovery from Illness" for the International Webinar on “Yoga for Infectious Diseases” on 8th and 9th August, 2020 organised by Lakulish Yoga University.
The video is avaiable from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS4UVfQXwVo
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's presentation on "Managing Stress through Yoga : Concepts and Methods" delivered as an invited talk during PONCON2016 (7th Annual State Conference of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists Puducherry State Branch) held at MGMCRI, Pondicherry, India on 7 January 2017.
Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi under Ministry of AYUSH, GOI was designated as a World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine (Yoga) in April, 2013. WHO Collaborating Centre is supposed to take FOUR work-plans and the second one is – `Organization of capacity building workshops and training programs on the role, scope, practice and evidence-based use of Yoga in non-communicable diseases’.
2nd Capacity Building Workshop was conducted on the theme “Yogic Management of Cancer, Bronchial Asthma & Stroke” at Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi from 28th - 30th November, 2016.
The Chief Guests for the inaugural was Dr. Sudhir Gupta, Additional Dy. Director General (NCD), Directorate General of Health Services, Govt of India and Dr Kim Sung Chol, Regional Adviser, Traditional Medicines, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia.
The capacity building workshop was organised by Dr Ishwar V Basavaraddi Director MDNIY with eminent resource persons and it aimed to train Master Trainers who would carry out the same activity in their locality /organization /concerned State and be Brand Ambassadors for propagating the role of Yoga in non-communicable diseases.
Dr Ananda was invited as a Resource Person for the workshop for orienting and enlightening the participants on the role, scope, practice and evidence-based use of Yoga in non-communicable diseases with special emphasis on Bronchial Asthma.
Healing in a holistic sense has faded from medical attention and is rarely discussed in modern (“Western”) medicine especially in therapeutics. However, other disciplines like medical anthropology, sociology, alternate systems of medicine, and medical philosophy have continued an active contemplation of holistic healing. To heal is to achieve or acquire wholeness as a person. The wholeness of personhood involves physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual aspects of human experience (Egnew, 2005).
It is perhaps difficult to quantify the relative importance of the various factors that contribute to healing. It may vary depending on the kind of illness that is being studied. Of the various factors that contribute to healing of illnesses in a community, only 20% could be ascribed to rational treatment using medicines or surgery. The remaining 80% is divided among three faith-based factors (White, 1988).
i) Placebo effect (faith in drugs or procedural interventions)
ii) Hawthorne effect (faith in a health care system, a facility or a professional)
iii) Factor-X or “spiritual factor” (faith in oneself or in the supernatural)
The relative importance of these faith-based factors in holistic healing may be debatable. However, there is no denying that these factors play an important part in the recovery from illnesses.
Dr Ananda's presentation for the National Conference on “CHANGING TRENDS IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION – 2016”- 20th August at Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry
Introduction: Recent developments showcased through social media highlight a lack of human values in modern medical professionals. Compassion, empathy and a sincere desire to relieve suffering are found lacking and this seemingly becomes even rarer as qualifications increase. Kidney rackets, unnecessary surgeries, laboratory referral commissions and inflated bills are commonly bemoaned and even recently medical students in Chennai were found throwing a poor dog off their rooftop in glee.
This paper presents the view that introduction of Yoga in medical education may help stem the rot and restore values.
Why yoga?
Yoga is an ancient cultural heritage of India spreading rapidly and being practiced by millions across the globe. It offers a broader perspective of life and refines the personality thus enabling the practitioner to attain their inherent potential in a holistic manner. Yoga is not just a system of exercise but is a way of life. It stresses the importance of social and personal values through the yama (restraints of subhuman tendencies such as violence, stealing and greed etc) and the niyama (humane observances including cleanliness, contentment, self-introspection and dispassionate discipline). The inculcation of these universal values in medical students at the start of their professional career can help them be more humane in their life and profession.
Suggested mechanisms: Numerous physical and mental techniques of Yoga such as asana, pranayama, dharana and dhyana enable attainment of physical, mental and emotional fitness thus enabling them to be skillful and efficient in dealing with omnipresent stressors. A broader worldview enables them to perform their duty in the spirit of nishkama karma (non-attachment to results of actions) thus preventing the unhealthy “Me first”, “Make the most money”, “who cares as long as I am safe” type of attitudes in them. A healthy connection with their inner self creates a cheerful, strong and compassionate being empathetic towards the suffering.
In conclusion: Introduction of Yoga as a holistic way of life with stress on its astha anga (eight components) in the medical curriculum can inculcate a compassionate sense of karuna and seva (selfless service) towards our human brethren. The understanding that illness becomes wellness when we consciously move from the limited sense of “I” to a broader inclusive “WE" will motivate young doctors to be vehicles of change thus restoring once again the much extolled nobility of our medical profession.
Dr Ananda's invited presentation on Yoga Research: Past, Present and Future at the International E-conference titled "Recent Advances in the Medical Sciences International E - Conference, RAMSIECON 2021" organised by Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore from 30th June to 3rd July 2021.
This featured article published in Yoga Therapy Today of the International Association of Yoga Therapists, is a foundational piece that will no doubt inform many future discussions: Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani, Marlysa Sullivan, Matthew J. Taylor, and Amy Wheeler recommend a “common language to present yoga therapy” that includes an ability to accurately articulate key biomedical concepts to clients and other stakeholders in our services.
Effectiveness of Yoga on Mental Health of Studentsijtsrd
Mental health is mainly concerned with the maintenance of the health of human mind. Along with physical health to maintain a balance state of mind is very important. Today keeping up mental health is one of the serious problems of the entire world. Due to rapid growth of industrialization and modernization, an individual often fails to maintain a balance himself and his social circumstances. “Mental health is the full and harmonious functioning of the whole personality- Hadfield . Yoga is one of India’s most amazing gifts to mankind. It is the science of yoga which helps to develop a person in all the aspects of life such as physical, mental, emotional, moral, spiritual development etc. This chapter summarizes the recent research evidence based on effects of yoga on mental health of the students. Present chapter highlights the meaning of yoga, different yogic practices, importance of yoga to maintain a healthy lifestyle, benefits of yoga. These research reviews give an idea about several areas where yoga may be beneficial for the student as well as for the people of the society. More research article is required urgently on this relevant topic. Rimjhim Sharma "Effectiveness of Yoga on Mental Health of Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46263.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46263/effectiveness-of-yoga-on-mental-health-of-students/rimjhim-sharma
In modern times when the terms Yoga and Yoga therapy have become synonymous, this paper is but a small attempt to put into perspective what Yoga therapy can offer us as an integrative system of wholistic well being.
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's invited presentation for the Golden Jubilee International Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society, Southern Region – 2017 at MGMCRI, Puducherry on 4th and 5th July 2017.
Talk on Yoga for holistic wellness (salutogenesis) by Prof KR Sethuraman, Vice Chancellor Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth on the occasion of the International Symposium on Yoga and wellbeing organised by CYTER at SBVU on 12 August 2016.
Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's invited talk at the 23rd International Conference on Frontiers in Yoga Research & its Applications. 3 - 6 January 2020. S-VYASA Deemed to be University, Bangalore, India
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's invited presentation on, "Yoga as a means to Aid Recovery from Illness" for the International Webinar on “Yoga for Infectious Diseases” on 8th and 9th August, 2020 organised by Lakulish Yoga University.
The video is avaiable from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS4UVfQXwVo
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's presentation on "Managing Stress through Yoga : Concepts and Methods" delivered as an invited talk during PONCON2016 (7th Annual State Conference of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists Puducherry State Branch) held at MGMCRI, Pondicherry, India on 7 January 2017.
Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi under Ministry of AYUSH, GOI was designated as a World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine (Yoga) in April, 2013. WHO Collaborating Centre is supposed to take FOUR work-plans and the second one is – `Organization of capacity building workshops and training programs on the role, scope, practice and evidence-based use of Yoga in non-communicable diseases’.
2nd Capacity Building Workshop was conducted on the theme “Yogic Management of Cancer, Bronchial Asthma & Stroke” at Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi from 28th - 30th November, 2016.
The Chief Guests for the inaugural was Dr. Sudhir Gupta, Additional Dy. Director General (NCD), Directorate General of Health Services, Govt of India and Dr Kim Sung Chol, Regional Adviser, Traditional Medicines, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia.
The capacity building workshop was organised by Dr Ishwar V Basavaraddi Director MDNIY with eminent resource persons and it aimed to train Master Trainers who would carry out the same activity in their locality /organization /concerned State and be Brand Ambassadors for propagating the role of Yoga in non-communicable diseases.
Dr Ananda was invited as a Resource Person for the workshop for orienting and enlightening the participants on the role, scope, practice and evidence-based use of Yoga in non-communicable diseases with special emphasis on Bronchial Asthma.
Healing in a holistic sense has faded from medical attention and is rarely discussed in modern (“Western”) medicine especially in therapeutics. However, other disciplines like medical anthropology, sociology, alternate systems of medicine, and medical philosophy have continued an active contemplation of holistic healing. To heal is to achieve or acquire wholeness as a person. The wholeness of personhood involves physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual aspects of human experience (Egnew, 2005).
It is perhaps difficult to quantify the relative importance of the various factors that contribute to healing. It may vary depending on the kind of illness that is being studied. Of the various factors that contribute to healing of illnesses in a community, only 20% could be ascribed to rational treatment using medicines or surgery. The remaining 80% is divided among three faith-based factors (White, 1988).
i) Placebo effect (faith in drugs or procedural interventions)
ii) Hawthorne effect (faith in a health care system, a facility or a professional)
iii) Factor-X or “spiritual factor” (faith in oneself or in the supernatural)
The relative importance of these faith-based factors in holistic healing may be debatable. However, there is no denying that these factors play an important part in the recovery from illnesses.
Dr Ananda's presentation for the National Conference on “CHANGING TRENDS IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION – 2016”- 20th August at Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry
Introduction: Recent developments showcased through social media highlight a lack of human values in modern medical professionals. Compassion, empathy and a sincere desire to relieve suffering are found lacking and this seemingly becomes even rarer as qualifications increase. Kidney rackets, unnecessary surgeries, laboratory referral commissions and inflated bills are commonly bemoaned and even recently medical students in Chennai were found throwing a poor dog off their rooftop in glee.
This paper presents the view that introduction of Yoga in medical education may help stem the rot and restore values.
Why yoga?
Yoga is an ancient cultural heritage of India spreading rapidly and being practiced by millions across the globe. It offers a broader perspective of life and refines the personality thus enabling the practitioner to attain their inherent potential in a holistic manner. Yoga is not just a system of exercise but is a way of life. It stresses the importance of social and personal values through the yama (restraints of subhuman tendencies such as violence, stealing and greed etc) and the niyama (humane observances including cleanliness, contentment, self-introspection and dispassionate discipline). The inculcation of these universal values in medical students at the start of their professional career can help them be more humane in their life and profession.
Suggested mechanisms: Numerous physical and mental techniques of Yoga such as asana, pranayama, dharana and dhyana enable attainment of physical, mental and emotional fitness thus enabling them to be skillful and efficient in dealing with omnipresent stressors. A broader worldview enables them to perform their duty in the spirit of nishkama karma (non-attachment to results of actions) thus preventing the unhealthy “Me first”, “Make the most money”, “who cares as long as I am safe” type of attitudes in them. A healthy connection with their inner self creates a cheerful, strong and compassionate being empathetic towards the suffering.
In conclusion: Introduction of Yoga as a holistic way of life with stress on its astha anga (eight components) in the medical curriculum can inculcate a compassionate sense of karuna and seva (selfless service) towards our human brethren. The understanding that illness becomes wellness when we consciously move from the limited sense of “I” to a broader inclusive “WE" will motivate young doctors to be vehicles of change thus restoring once again the much extolled nobility of our medical profession.
Dr Ananda's invited presentation on Yoga Research: Past, Present and Future at the International E-conference titled "Recent Advances in the Medical Sciences International E - Conference, RAMSIECON 2021" organised by Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore from 30th June to 3rd July 2021.
This featured article published in Yoga Therapy Today of the International Association of Yoga Therapists, is a foundational piece that will no doubt inform many future discussions: Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani, Marlysa Sullivan, Matthew J. Taylor, and Amy Wheeler recommend a “common language to present yoga therapy” that includes an ability to accurately articulate key biomedical concepts to clients and other stakeholders in our services.
Effectiveness of Yoga on Mental Health of Studentsijtsrd
Mental health is mainly concerned with the maintenance of the health of human mind. Along with physical health to maintain a balance state of mind is very important. Today keeping up mental health is one of the serious problems of the entire world. Due to rapid growth of industrialization and modernization, an individual often fails to maintain a balance himself and his social circumstances. “Mental health is the full and harmonious functioning of the whole personality- Hadfield . Yoga is one of India’s most amazing gifts to mankind. It is the science of yoga which helps to develop a person in all the aspects of life such as physical, mental, emotional, moral, spiritual development etc. This chapter summarizes the recent research evidence based on effects of yoga on mental health of the students. Present chapter highlights the meaning of yoga, different yogic practices, importance of yoga to maintain a healthy lifestyle, benefits of yoga. These research reviews give an idea about several areas where yoga may be beneficial for the student as well as for the people of the society. More research article is required urgently on this relevant topic. Rimjhim Sharma "Effectiveness of Yoga on Mental Health of Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46263.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46263/effectiveness-of-yoga-on-mental-health-of-students/rimjhim-sharma
In modern times when the terms Yoga and Yoga therapy have become synonymous, this paper is but a small attempt to put into perspective what Yoga therapy can offer us as an integrative system of wholistic well being.
Yogacharya Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's invited presentation for the Golden Jubilee International Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society, Southern Region – 2017 at MGMCRI, Puducherry on 4th and 5th July 2017.
Talk on Yoga for holistic wellness (salutogenesis) by Prof KR Sethuraman, Vice Chancellor Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth on the occasion of the International Symposium on Yoga and wellbeing organised by CYTER at SBVU on 12 August 2016.
Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani's invited talk at the 23rd International Conference on Frontiers in Yoga Research & its Applications. 3 - 6 January 2020. S-VYASA Deemed to be University, Bangalore, India
Reiki is an ancient complementary therapy that is related to energy healing. The advocates say it works through the energy fields that is present around the body.
Are you suffering from extreme illnesses? Do you want to revitalize your body, mind, and spirit? Then, understanding polarity therapy should be your top priority.
Everyone talks about this type of therapy. However, not all of them know exactly what this therapy is and how it works. According to experts, polarity therapy is a natural health care system. It works with the human energy field.
Energy currents and fields exist everywhere, and polarity therapy states that the balance and flow of energy in the human body is the foundation of good health.
Reiki is an energy healing technique that is centered around the concept of Universal Life Force energy healing. This technique helps rebalance the flow of energy to provide health, wholeness, and well-being both spiritually and physically. Reiki, which is also referred to as bio-energy healing or qi gong, can be offered in a variety of settings: in person, via distance healing, at home, or work.
Which is more effective, Reiki or Theta healing.docxfirecps
Theta Healing are considered alternative healing modalities that focus on promoting relaxation, reducing stress, and potentially facilitating healing. However, they have different approaches and techniques.www.heal2empower.com
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Report on the CME on “Sleep, consciousness and meditation: neurophysiological...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
A report on the CME on “Sleep, consciousness and meditation: neurophysiological correlates” held 27 Nov 2014 at Pondicherry, India. It was organised by the Department of Physiology & Centre for Yoga Therapy, Education and Research (CYTER) MAHATMA GANDHI MEDICAL COLLEGE & RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SRI BALAJI VIDYAPEETH UNIVERSITY, PUDUCHERRY)
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
1. Unit 5 CAM Project
Lesson 3 Lecture
Lesson Summary: This lesson looks at Reiki, a gentle, non-invasive, mind-body-
spirit healing practice for maintaining and restoring health and wellness.
Lesson Content:
Mind and body practices are a diverse group of techniques taught to others by a
trained practitioner or teacher. For today’s purpose we are going to focus on Reiki.
This is a mind-body practice that using spiritual healing and the body’s own energy.
We will look at the origin of Reiki, the practice of Reiki, research, as well as how to
become a practitioner. At the end of today’s lesson, a Reiki Master will conduct a
Reiki circle.
What is Reiki?
Reiki is a spiritual, vibrational healing practice used to promote balance throughout
the human system (University of Minnesota, 2015). This practice originated in
Japan in the early 1900’s. The founder, Mikao Usui discovered Reiki in his pursuit
for the meaning of life (Rand, 2015). Reiki is an integrative healing practice that
does not focus on physical manipulation of the body or ingesting any types of
substances (Miles, 2013). Rather, this technique works with the energies that
surround and penetrate the body (Killen,2014).
Reiki is a spiritual healing art that originates from Japan. The word Rei means
“universal life” and Ki means “energy” (IARP.org, 2015). Reiki focuses on the idea
that energy supports the body’s natural healing abilities. Reiki practitioners
facilitate the body’s own energy flow to release blockages and promote balance and
healing within oneself on all levels including physical, mental, and emotional
(IARP.org, 2015).
Reiki is a passive practice. The practitioner moves his or her hands only to change
hand placement. Reiki is not used to diagnose or change the bio field of the patient.
Instead, Reiki treatments help to lesson the stress and release tension from the
entire system. This leads to a balance in the body, mind, and spirit (Miles, 2013).
This practice is sometimes compared to meditation.
How is Reiki Similar to Meditation?
Mikao Usui, the founder of Reiki used meditation with Reiki to create a strong
channel for the energy or universal life force to flow through (Mittal, 2010). Usui
used Gasso or hand held prayer position as a way to pass the ability to channel Reiki
to the practitioner. Reiki meditation incorporates similar components of meditation
in that the individual sits quietly with eyes closed. There are differences in how
Reiki meditation is performed. The individual sits up straight with hands in prayer
position and the soles of the feet touching. Another difference in Reiki meditation is
the individual connects to the Reiki (universal energy) by focusing on it or by
drawing a distinct healing symbol with their hand and also visualizing the symbol
2. and meditating on it. Reiki meditation focuses on the healing energy and uses the
meditation to create a stronger channel for that energy (Mittal, 2010). In
comparison, traditional meditation is used to calm the mind and create a quiet place
to let your thoughts flow in and out without trying to maintain any control.
Benefits of the techniques
Mind body practices help to reduce stress. When someone becomes stressed they
have a physiological reaction to stress knows as the fight or flight response, which
can manifest in many forms creating imbalance in the body leading to anxiety,
fatigue, illness, etc. Reiki helps the body to release stress and tension creating deep
relaxation. Reiki can restore energy balances and vitality by relieving the physical
and emotional affects of unreleased stress. This can lead to healing more quickly by
promoting relaxation, making one feel at peace. As one finds physical, mental, and
spiritual balance the body’s own healing mechanisms can begin to function more
effectively.
Research
Research has demonstrated the use of Reiki for use with cancer patients during the
pre-surgery phase of breast cancer. The study looked at the role of psychological
interventions as a complementary therapeutic intervention for cancer patients. The
results showed that one’s belief in one’s ability to succeed can play a major role in
how patients cope with cancer. This study showed the influence the effect of Reiki
treatments on a patients self-efficacy. Patients with higher efficacious showed a
more powerful effect on both anxiety and mood (CHIRICO et al., 2017).
How to become an instructor
Currently there are no universal standards or accreditations to become a Reiki
practitioner. There are immersive teacher training with a credible instructor. Often
beginning classes can take two days and cost about $200. A Reiki master program
can cost around $1,600 and take a year to complete. There are 3 to 4 levels of Reiki
and these are achieved through education and practice. Level 2 Reiki focuses on
practicing Reiki on others. Level 3 is sometimes also a Reiki Master. This level one
can begin to train and attune new students or practitioners. Reiki Master Level is
considered the teacher’s level and can be separated from level 3. There are many
Reiki courses, so doing research and finding the format and instructor that fits you
is important.
Please stay and experience a Reiki circle with a Reiki Master.
Video
Guided meditation - Reiki self healing for pain and relaxation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nJtajgAb34
Handout – on the next page
3.
4. References
CHIRICO, A., D'AIUTO, G., PENON, A., MALLIA, L., LAURENTIIS, M., & LUCIDI, F. et al.
(2017). Self-Efficacy for Coping with Cancer Enhances the Effect of Reiki
Treatments During the Pre-Surgery Phase of Breast Cancer Patients.
Ar.iiarjournals.org. Retrieved 23 October 2017, from
http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/37/7/3657.short
Miles, P. (2013, July 1). Reiki | Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing. Retrieved
June 18, 2015, from http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-
healing-practices/reiki
Miles, P. (2013, July 8). How Does Reiki Work? | Taking Charge of Your Health &
Wellbeing. Retrieved June 18, 2015, from
http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-
practices/reiki/how-does-reiki-work
Mittal, V. (2010, October 11). Doing meditation the reiki way - The Times of India.
Retrieved June 18, 2015, from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-
style/Doing-meditation-the-reiki-way/articleshow/4752450.cms
Rand, W. (2015). What is Reiki? Read about the Origin and History of Reiki.
Retrieved June 18, 2015, from http://iarp.org/what-is-reiki/
