The document discusses how intermolecular forces affect the physical properties of liquids and solids. Specifically, it states that strong intermolecular forces lead to high surface tension, high viscosity, low vapor pressure, and high heat of vaporization. It provides examples of how hydrogen bonding between water molecules contributes to properties like surface tension and boiling point. The document also compares the intermolecular forces and properties of different compounds like glycerol, hexane, and decane.

1. QUARTER 3 QUARTER 4
Properties of Liquids Entropy
Phase Changes Chemical Equilibrium
Solutions Acid-Base
Energy Changes Redox Reactions
Rate of Reaction and
Collision Theory
General Chemistry 2

2. Intermolecular Forces
11.2
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces between molecules.
Intramolecular forces hold atoms together in a molecule.

3. Properties of Liquids and
Solids

4. “Does high temperature affect the survival of the
coronavirus ?”

5. “Does high temperature affect the survival of the
coronavirus ?”
• Areas with low temperature could increase the rate of
spread of related diseases caused by coronavirus
compared to tropical countries
• It can be inferred that the activity of the virus is affected
by temperatre.

6. • Likewise, solids and liquids are affected by
temperature. The physical properties of
liquids and solids such as temperature is
greatly due to the intermolecular forces
present between molecules.
Other properties that are also affected by it are
• surface tension
• Viscosity
• vapor pressure
• and molar heat of vaporization

7. Effect of Intermolecular forces to some
Physical Properties
1. Surface tension is the amount of energy required to
stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area.
Strong
intermolecular
forces
High
surface
tension
11.3
The molecules at the surface of a liquid are pulled in all
directions. Directions like downward and sideways not upward
or away from the surface, however if the hydrogen bonds are
disrupted, the surface tension will decrease.

8. The force of the surface tension of the water balances
the basilisk lizard`s weight helping it to walk on water.

9. Cohesion is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules
11.3
Adhesion is an attraction between unlike molecules
Adhesion
Cohesion
attracted to glass
attracted to each other
2. Capillary Action

10. Figure 1a shows the water molecules are attracted to other
molecules which is the molecules of the beaker
figure 1b is more on adhesion wherein the Hg molecules did
not get attracted to the walls of the beaker.

11. 3. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
11.3
Strong
intermolecular
forces
High
viscosity

12. Which of these compounds has
the highest intermolecular
forces?
Which is more viscous hexane
and decane?

13. Which of these compounds has
the highest intermolecular
forces?
Glycerol -more build-up hydrogen bond.
Higher IMF the more viscous it is.
Another point to consider is the size of the
molecule, a liquid that has a long chain of
hydrocarbon has the greater intermolecular
attraction.
Which is more viscous hexane
and decane?

14. 4. Vapour Pressure
Which figure below do you think will have
more molecules to turn into gaseous state
at STP condition?

15. 4. Vapour Pressure
Which figure below do you think will have
more molecules to turn into gaseous state
at STP condition?
acetone - its molecules easily escape from liquid to
gases and if this happens this would mean that the interaction
between molecules of acetone is weak. Since it is a closed jar,
the amount of escaped gas molecules will now create a
particular amount of pressure. The pressure that is created by
these bouncing molecules of acetone is called vapor pressure.

16. 5. Molar Heat of Vaporization ( Hvap)
When we say boiling point, it is the temperature at which the
liquid converts into gas. Meaning it is the temperature
where the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external
pressure (at equilibrium point). This explains why water
boils or why liquid boils.
Now, for the water molecule to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at
100 degrees Celsius, this requires an energy which is called
molar heat of vaporization.
boiling point increases the amount of energy
required to vaporize also increases.

17. Remember:
Matter escapes into different phases their
properties also change and these properties
are influenced by the way they get attracted
to one another.