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1. Hello!
MARIZZA L DARDO, MED-LT, LPT, CPI
INSTRUCTOR

2. GE 5 - PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LESSON 1:
COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES
AND ETHICS

3. OBJECTIVES:
a. Explain the principles and
process of communication
and the ethical consideration
in communication; and
b. Elucidate how
communication skills help
resolve problems, better
understand new concepts and
aid in your profession.

4. “
Communication- understood
as the process of meaning-
making through channel or a
medium.
• Comes from Latin
communicare, meaning to
share or to make ideas
common.

5. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
1. SOURCE- Sender carefully craft the
message. The sender maybe anyone: an
author of a book, a public speraker, or a
traffic enforcer
2. MESSAGE- Reason behind any
interaction. It is the meaning shared
between the sender and receiver.
Message could be in form of poems,
essays, articles, road signs, or symbols.

6. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
3. CHANNEL- means by which a
message is conveyed. Ex. Answering a
phone call (phone is the channel), when
parents received a notification of your
abcenses from school (letter is the
channel)
4. RECEIVER- person who receives the
transmitted message. They can also be a
part of an audience in public speaking,
rfeader of a letter, driver who reads road
signs.

7. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
5. FEEDBACK- confirm recipient
understanding. Feedback may be
written, spoken, or acted out.
6. ENVIRONMENT- the place, feeling,
mood, mindset and condition of both
sender and receiver.
7. CONTEXT- involves the expectation of
the sender and the receiver, and the
common or shared understanding
through the environmental signs.

8. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
8. INTERFERENCE- also known as barriers
or blocks that prevent effective
communication to take place.
TYPES OF INTERFERENCE
a. Psychological barriers- thoughts that
hamper the message to be interpreted
correctly by the receiver.
b. Physical barriers- include competing
stimulus, weather and climate, health and
ignorance of the medium

9. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
TYPES OF INTERFERENCE
c. Linguistic and Cultural barriers-
pertain to the language and its cultural
environment. Words may mean another
in different cultures.
d. Mechanical barriers- raised by the
channels employed for interpersonal,
group or mass communication. These
includes cellphones, laptops and other
gadgets used in communication.

10. THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
a. LINEAR MODEL- indicates
one-way or unidirectional
communication. Communication
models with linear direction
include Aristotle’s Model,
Shannon-Weaver Model and
Berlo’s S-M-C-R (sender-
message-channel-receiver)

11. THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
b. INTERACTIONAL
MODEL- shows a two-way
or bidirectional
communication (ex.
Osgood-Schramm Model)
Osgood-Schramm Model

12. THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
3. TRANSACTIONAL
MODEL- demonstrates
simultaneous flow of
communmication and
the sender or
communicator
generating social,
relational, cultural
psychological and
physical realities.
Barlund’s Transactional Model

13. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Micheal Osborn (2009) claims that communication
must meet certain standards for effective
communication to take place.
1. CLARITY- makes speech understandable. Fuzzy
language is absolutely forbidden, as are jargons,
cliche expressions euphemisms, and doublespeak
language.
2. CONCRETENESS- reduces misunderstanding.
Messages must be supported by facts as research
data, statistics or figures. To achieve concreteness,
abstract words must be avoided.

14. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
3. COURTESY- builds good will. It involves
being polite in terms of approach and manner of
sddressing an individual.
4. CORRECTNESS- Glaring mistakes in
grammar obscure the meaning of asentence.
Also, the misuse of language can damage your
credibility.
5. CONSIDERATION- must be geared towards
the audience. Sender of a message must
consider recepient’s prefession, level of
education, race, ethnicity, hobbies, advocacies
and age when drafting or delivering a message.

15. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
6. CREATIVITY- means having the ability to craft
interesting message in terms of sentence structure
and word choice.
7. CONCISENESS- simplicity and directness help you
to concise. Avoid using lengthy expressions and
words that may confuse the recipient.
8. CULTURAL SENSITIVITY- increasing emphasis on
empowering diverse cultures, lifestyles and races and
the pursuit for gender equality, cultural sensitivity
becomes an important standard for effective
communication.
9. CAPTIVATING- make messages interesting to
command more attention and better responces.

16. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
COMMUNICATION
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that
focuses on issues of right and wrong in
human affairs
ETHICAL COMMUNICATORS:
1. Respect Audience
2. Consider the result of communication
3. Value Truth
4. Use information correctly
5. Do not falsify information

19. REFERENCE:
Puposive Communication Revised Edition OBE-&PPST-Based (Lorimar Publishing, 2025)
Authors:
Geraldine S. Wakat, LET, PhD
Magdalina J. Jose, LET, MA ESL
Freda B. Paulino, LET, PhD
Analyn A. Caroy, LET, MAT Engl
Mary Rose M. Ordonio, LET, PhD
Sheryll M. Palangyos, LET, MAED Eng
Elaine Grace J. Dizon, LET, PhD
Melony B. Sao-an, LET, PhD