The document provides guidelines for understanding and using modal verbs related to permission, obligation, and prohibition. It includes examples of dialogue demonstrating the practical application of modals like 'can,' 'must,' and 'may' in various contexts, particularly regarding health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it contains activities and assignments for constructing health protocol statements and personal reflections using modal verbs.

2. PRAYER

3. ATTENDANCE
CHECK

4. LET'S BREAK
THE ICE!

6. HOUSE
RULES
Always
lend
your
ears.
Raise hand
if you have
concern,
wanted to
answer or
ask a
question.
Be
cooperative.

7. MODAL
VERBS

8. OBJECTI
VES
1
2
3
Define modal;
Learn appropriate
usage of modals on
certain situation; and
Write a mission
statement on health
protocols using
modals.

9. LISTEN! IT'S
WRITTEN.

10. HOW WAS IT?
May i...?
I can...
I have to...
I must...

12. WHAT IS IT?
May i...?
I can...
I have to...
I must...

13. MODAL
VERBS

14. MODAL
VERBS
A modal verb (or modal
auxiliary verb) is a type of
verb that is used to indicate
mood or tense which refers
to the speaker's attitude
towards the prohibition,
obligation, or permission of
an action.

15. MODAL
VERBS
Examples of modal verbs
include "can," "could," "may,"
"might," "shall," "should,"
"will," "would," and "must”.

16. MOD
ALS
1
2
3
PERMISSIO
N
OBLIGATION
PROHIBITION

17. PERM
IS
SIO
N
Modals of Permission are
used to talk about what one
is allowed to do. Permission
comes from an authority or
organization with authority
or power over someone
else. These include: can,
could and may.
M
ODAL OF
CAN
COULD/MAY

18. CAN
IT IS USED TO TALK ABOUT PERMISSION OR
ASK SOMETHING AT THE PRESENT MOMENT
FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE.
CAN I BORROW
YOUR LAPTOP FOR
A COUPLE OF
HOURS? I NEED TO
FINISH AN
ASSIGNMENT.
LEAH JENELYN
SURE THING, GO
AHEAD AND TAKE
IT. JUST BE
CAREFUL WITH IT.
In this dialogue,
"can" is used to ask
for permission to
borrow Jenelyn's
laptop. Jenelyn's
response grants
permission for Leah
to borrow the laptop
for the specified
purpose.

19. COULD/
MAY
IT IS USED TO TALK ABOUT GENERAL
PERMISSION FROM THE PAST. HOWEVER, WE
CANNOT USE THEM TO TALK ABOUT
PERMISSION FOR A PARTICULAR ACTION FROM
THE PAST.
I'M NOT SURE HOW
TO FIX THIS
COMPUTER ISSUE.
WELL, I COULD
HELP YOU WITH
THAT. I USED TO
WORK IN IT, SO I
HAVE SOME
EXPERIENCE.
In this dialogue,
"could" is used to
express the possibility
and willingness of Jolly
to help with the
computer issue. It
suggests that Jolly has
the ability to assist
because of her past
experience.
ANGI
JOLLY

20. OF COURSE, YOU
MAY USE IT. IT'S
ON THE TABLE
OVER THERE.
In this dialogue, "may"
is used to express the
possibility and
willingness of Marie to
help Ana with her
concern. It suggests
that Marie has the
ability to assist
because of the
availability of the
thing.
AN MARIE
MAY I USE YOUR
PHONE? MINE JUST
DIED, AND I NEED
TO MAKE AN
IMPORTANT CALL.

21. MOD
ALS
1
2
3
PERMISSION
OBLIGATION
PROHIBITION

22. O
BLIG
A
TIO
N
M
ODAL OF Modals of Obligation or Necessity
are used to talk about an action
that one has to do. S/he has no
other option. Obligation often
comes from a person or
organization with authority or
power over someone or with an
agreement with someone. We
often find them in lists of rules,
laws and contract agreements.
These include: must, have to, and
need to.
MUST
HAVE TO
NEED TO

23. MUST
IT IS USED TO INDICATE THAT SOMEONE
IS TO FULFIL PERSONAL OBLIGATION.
I CAN'T FIND MY
PASSPORT
ANYWHERE, AND
MY FLIGHT IS IN A
FEW HOURS!
JOSIE RAFFY
YOU MIGHT HAVE LEFT
IT AT THE HOTEL WHEN
WE CHECKED OUT. YOU
MUST CALL THEM
IMMEDIATELY.
In this dialogue,
"must" is used to
suggest a
necessary action
(calling the hotel)
to solve the issue.

24. HAVE
TO
IT IS USED TO INDICATE THAT SOMETHING
IS NECESSARY OR REQUIRED TO BE DONE.
IN SOME CASES, "HAVE TO" CAN CONVEY A
STRONGER SENSE OF OBLIGATION
COMPARED TO "MUST."
ARE YOU GOING
TO THE
BARBERSHOP
NEXT WEEK?
MARK JUNELL
I HAVE TO. IT'S
MANDATORY FOR
ALL MALE
STUDENTS TO CUT
THEIR HAIR SHORT.
In this dialogue,
"have to" is used to
express the
obligation that Junell
has to go to the
barbershop to cut
his hair due to
school rules and
regulations.

25. NEED
TO
·"NEED TO" IS USED TO INDICATE THAT
SOMETHING IS NECESSARY OR REQUIRED TO BE
DONE. "NEED TO" MIGHT CARRY A SLIGHTLY
MILDER SENSE OF OBLIGATION COMPARED TO
"MUST" OR "HAVE TO." SOMETIMES, "NEED TO"
CAN BE USED TO GIVE ADVICE OR SUGGEST A
NECESSARY ACTION.
HAVE YOU
THOUGHT ABOUT
BOOKING A BUS
FOR OUR FIELD
TRIP?
LOVELYN
RINA
YES, I NEED TO DO
THAT SOON. I'LL
MAKE THE
RESERVATIONS
TOMORROW.
In this dialogue, "need
to" is used to express
Rina’s obligation to
book a bus for their
field trip, and she
plans to fulfil this
obligation by making
the reservations the
next day.

26. MOD
ALS
1
2
3
PERMISSION
OBLIGATION
PROHIBITION

27. PRO
H
IB
ITIO
N
M
ODAL OF Modals of Prohibition are used
to tell people what they are not
allowed to do. These modals are
the negative form of permission.
Prohibition comes from a
person or organization with
authority or power over
someone else. We often find
them in lists of rules, laws and
contract agreements. Modals of
prohibition include: may not,
must not, and cannot.
MAY NOT
MUST NOT
CANNOT

28. MAY NOT
-"MAY NOT" IS A MODAL PHRASE
USED TO EXPRESS PROHIBITION
OR TO INDICATE THAT
SOMETHING IS NOT ALLOWED OR
PERMITTED.
I'M SORRY, BUT
YOU MAY NOT
TAKE PHOTOS
INSIDE THE
GALLERY.
MAY I TAKE A
PHOTO OF THIS
ARTWORK?
ROSELYN MUSEUM GUIDE
In this dialogue,
"may not" is used
by the museum
guide to clearly
state that taking
photos inside the
gallery is not
allowed.

29. MUST
NOT
"MUST NOT" IS A MODAL CONSTRUCTION
USED TO EXPRESS STRONG PROHIBITION
OR THE REQUIREMENT TO REFRAIN FROM
DOING SOMETHING. IT'S USED TO
INDICATE A STRICT RULE AGAINST A
PARTICULAR ACTION.
I'M SORRY, BUT
YOU MAY NOT
TAKE PHOTOS
INSIDE THE
GALLERY.
PLEASE REMEMBER
THAT YOU MUST
NOT LEAVE YOUR
BAGS UNATTENDED
IN THE AIRPORT.
SECURITY
GUARD
In this dialogue, "must
not" is used by the
security guard to
emphasize the rule
against leaving bags
unattended, which is
an important safety
measure in airports.
PASSENGER

30. ANNOT
"CANNOT" IS USED TO INDICATE
THE IMPOSSIBILITY OR INABILITY
TO DO SOMETHING. IT REFERS TO
A LACK OF CAPABILITY OR
FEASIBILITY RATHER THAN AN
OBLIGATION.
However, "cannot" can indirectly
suggest an obligation in certain
contexts where there's a strong
implication that not doing
something is not an option due
to a requirement or expectation.
YOU CANNOT SKIP
YOUR DOCTOR'S
APPOINTMENT
TOMORROW.
MOTHER

31. WHAT HAVE I
LEARNED?May i...?
I can...
I have to...
I must...

32. WHAT IS
MODAL?

33. WHAT
ARE THE
USES OF

34. WHAT IS
MODAL
OF

35. WHAT IS
MODAL
OF

36. WHAT IS
MODAL
OF

37. WHAT CAN I
DO? May i...?
I can...
I have to...
I must...

38. FROM YOUR ACTIVITY EARLIER,
CONSTRUCT FIVE (5) HEALTH
PROTOCOLS ABOUT THE FOLLOWING
EMOTICONS THAT SHOW COMMON
PRACTICES WE DO TO PREVENT THE
SPREAD OF THE COVID19 WITH USE
OF MODALS OF PERMISSION,
MODALS OF OBLIGATION, AND
MODALS OF PROHIBITION.

40. Make a poster out of the words
you have noted in the activity
and write a mission statement
on health protocols using
modals of obligation,
permission or prohibition. (20
points)
TEST IS IT!

41. TEST IS IT!

42. Write a paragraph with at
least 5 sentences about
your reflection during
the height of the
COVID19 pandemic using
modals of obligation,
permission or
prohibition.
Assignm
ent

43. Assignm
ent

44. THANK YOU &
SEE YOU NEXT
MEETING!
PREPARED BY: CRISAN PACIBO-ESPIDA
TEACHER I