Lesson 1
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This document provides an introduction to psychology as a course of study. It outlines the structure and content of the AS and A Level exams, including the topics that will be covered and the grading scheme. It also gives a brief history of psychology, noting that Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879 and used introspection as a method, though this was later deemed unreliable. The scientific method is emphasized as the standard approach used in psychological research.
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Psyc 1001 chapter 1 the evolution of psychology.docx
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Lesson 2 conformity
There are three main types of conformity according to the document:
1. Compliance, which involves going along with a group to gain approval or avoid disapproval, but does not reflect a change in underlying attitudes.
2. Internalization, which involves accepting and believing the group's views both publicly and privately.
3. Identification, which involves conforming in order to fit in as a group member and has elements of both compliance and internalization.
The two main explanations for conformity are normative social influence, which is conforming to avoid being rejected or mocked by the group, and informational social influence, which involves accepting information from others as evidence about reality when uncertain.
Key experiments discussed include
L5 authoritarian personality
This document evaluates explanations for obedience by examining Milgram's agentic state theory and the legitimate authority explanation. It finds issues with the agentic state theory, such as it removing individual blame and not accounting for gradual changes in behavior. The legitimate authority explanation is supported by real-world examples but seen as too simplistic. Other possible explanations discussed include gradual commitment, dehumanization, and authoritarian personality traits influencing obedience.
Dispositional factors
1. The F-scale consists of closed questions where participants rate their level of agreement on a scale.
2. Positive correlation. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases. So in this case, as Authoritarianism increased, obedience also increased.
3.
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Obedience
4. Two advantages of using an interview rather than a questionnaire:
- Interviews allow for open-ended questions which can provide more detailed explanations than closed questions.
- Interviews allow the researcher to ask follow up questions to gain further context and clarification from
Conformity 12 a
Solomon Asch conducted an experiment in 1956 that demonstrated people's tendency to conform to group pressure and provide incorrect answers to basic visual judgments to fit in. Participants were shown cards with a line on them and asked to identify which of three other lines matched the length of the line, but unbeknownst to them, some of the confederates in the group intentionally gave the wrong answer. Despite the clear right answer, many participants went along with the incorrect majority to conform rather than stand alone. The study showed that both normative and informational social influence can cause people to conform to a group, even if it means ignoring their own judgment.
Agentic state
Here is a potential 4 mark outline of the role of the agentic state in obedience:
The agentic state theory proposes that when individuals are placed in a situation with a perceived legitimate authority figure, they enter an 'agentic state' where they see themselves less as autonomous individuals and more as agents acting on behalf of the authority. This agentic shift allows people to distance themselves from responsibility for their own actions, increasing the likelihood they will obey orders from the authority figure due to feeling less personally accountable.
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The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
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bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
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waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
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Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Lesson 1
- 1. 12A Psychology Miss Baptie Introduction to the Course Breakdown of Mark schemes and exams Introduction to A01, A02, A03 Origins of Psychology
- 2. Welcome Back!!! Congratulations! Summer Projects Review Day – 20/10 Initial Targets – 21/09 Introduction to the course…
- 3. Psychology AS 2015-16 Exams: You will take 1 official mock in January You will take 2 exams in Summer. Paper 1: Three sections. Section A = Social Influence Section B = Memory Section C = Attachment Paper 2: Three sections. Section A = Approaches in Psychology Section B = Psychopathology Section C = Research Methods
- 4. Psychology AS 2015-16 Exams: Both exams will equate to 100% of an AS IF you choose to continue, in 2017, you will revise all AS topics with the addition of the topic: Biopsychology You will then re-take more difficult versions of the exams you took in summer 2016
- 5. Psychology A level 2016-17 The third and final exam in summer 2017 will be Unit PSY04 This unit is made up of optional modules: You are able to choose one topic from each option block
- 6. Grade Boundaries A01 - Knowledge A02 - Application A03 - Evaluation A* - 10 A - 9 B - 8 C - 7 D - 6 E - 5 U - 4> A* - 20 A - 18 B - 16 C - 14 D - 12 E - 10 U - 8> 12 markers
- 8. Psychology A Level With me… Week 2 – 6 = Social Influence Topic specific Mock: 19/10 • Week 8 – 11 = Memory Topic Specific Mock: TW Week 11 • Week 12 – 14 = Attachment + 2 weeks after Xmas. Official Mock Mid January on all 3 topics incorporating RM
- 9. Activity 1: Fact or Fake??? In groups try and figure out which of these 6 Psychology experiments is actually fake… Which of these studies were lab experiments? What is the benefit of using lab experiments? Which of these were ‘field’ experiments? What is the benefit of conducting field experiments? Which study breeched the most ethical guidelines?
- 10. What??? • The emergence of psychology as a science • Wundt & Introspcetion • Evaluation of Introspection as a scientific method • Different forms of Research How???!! • Discussion about Wundt’s school of Psychology • Watch video explaining emergence of Structuralism • Comparison between Wundt and current scientific methods
- 11. Origins of Psychology Psychology was a branch of Philosophy until the 1870s when it developed as an independent discipline. Psychology Definition: The science of Behaviour and Mental Processes.
- 12. Willhelm Wundt (1879) In 1879, Wundt founded the first school of psychology in Leipzig, Germany.
- 13. Wundt Wundt believed thoughts and mental processes were objective and could be measured and controlled. He aimed to study the structure of the human mind by looking at memory, attention and perception. He used a technique known as Introspection… (pg 124)
- 15. Introspection * Highly trained subjects look inward and report inner situations and experiences in response to stimuli
- 16. Evaluation of Wundt’s Introspection Perception is subjective… Unreliable Invalid (inaccurate)
- 17. The scientific method Wundt developed the idea of Psychology as a science The new scientific approach to psychology had 2 major assumptions… 1. All behaviour is seen as being ‘caused’ (determinism) 2. Human behaviour can be ‘predicted’ in certain conditions.
- 18. The Scientific Method Psychologists use the scientific method to conduct their research. The scientific method is a standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results.
- 19. Research Methods Lab study Field study Natural study Quasi-experiment Observation Case study Meta analysis