1. Starter Activity
Fold you paper to create a name card.
On each face write the following
• Your name
• The football team you support
• Your favourite player of all time from your team
(why are they your favourite player)
2. Unit 2: Physiology of Fitness
By the end of this unit you will
1. Know the body’s response to acute exercise
2. Know the long-term effects of exercise on the body systems
3. Be able to investigate the physiological effects of exercise on the
body systems.
5. Recap
In your own words write a definition for each of the following terms
(include the components that make up the system)
Musculoskeletal system
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
3 minutes
6. Musculoskeletal system
The musculoskeletal system provides our bodies
with shape, protection of our internal organs
and the ability to move.
Made up of the
• Bones
• Muscles
• Tendons
• Ligaments
7. Respiratory system
The respiratory system provides oxygen to the body’s
cells while removing carbon dioxide, a waste product
that can be lethal if allowed to accumulate.
Made up of the
• Airways
• Lungs
• Muscles of respiration (diaphragm and
intercostal muscles)
8. Cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system transports oxygen,
nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products
throughout the body.
It is made up of the
• Heart
• blood vessels
• approximately 5 litres of blood
9. Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson you will be able to
• Describe how 3 different systems respond to acute exercise
• Describe the three different energy systems and how they
respond to acute exercise
• Explain how the body responds to acute exercise
Acute exercise = 1 training session
10. Group Task
Each group will be given a specific system to research.
You need to create a poster that describes/explains the
key points regarding how your system responds to
acute exercise.
11. You have 20 minutes
Gather all the information you need to create your
poster
Covers
P1, P2
and M1
14. Presentation
Each group will now present their poster.
Make sure you take notes throughout as you need this
information for P1, P2 and M1.
15. Mobile Phone Break
You now have 5 minutes to use your
mobile phones.
Who can tell me which footballer was
born in Camos on this day?
5 minutes
16. Energy Systems
This is produced by chemical
breakdown of ATP
ATP ADP + P
Muscle contraction
Requires energy
17. Energy Systems cont…
There is a limited supply of ATP in muscle cells
(it’s usually used up after 3 – 5 seconds of exercise)
Note: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate
ADP: Adenosine diphosphate
P: Phosphate
For exercise to continue, ATP has to
be re-generated from ADP using
energy obtained from other sources.
ADP + P ATP
18. There are 3 sources (energy systems) that the body can use:
1.ATP/ PC or CP System
2. Lactic Acid System
3. Aerobic System
Anaerobic Pathway
Aerobic Pathway
Types of Energy Systems
19. CP – Stored in Muscles
Combines with ADP to re-build ATP
Immediate source of energy
Limited source – lasts up to 10/15 seconds
Very important for bursts of explosive speed
Replenishing stores of CP takes up to 6 minutes of recovery after end of exercise
ADP + CP = ATP + C
Phosphocreatine System
CP: Creatine Phosphate
C - Creatine
20. Lactic Acid System
When glycogen breaks down it releases pyruvic acid and energy.
This energy is used to re-build ATP from ADP and P
This system is anaerobic – no O2
Pyruvic acid is easily removed when O2 is available
Where there is little O2 it is changed into lactic acid
Muscles fail to contract fully – fatigue
Energy from this source lasts longer – up to three minutes before build up of lactic acid prevents
further energy production
ADP + glycogen = ATP + Pyruvic acid (or pyruvic acid without O2)
21. For longer events – muscles must work aerobically. O2 present
This system can take the pyruvic acid produced when glycogen breaks down and turns it
into more energy rather than lactic acid
Supplies energy to athletes who are working sub-maximally at 60 – 80% of maximum
effort and can take in a constant supply of O2
This system provides most of the energy required for physical activity lasting longer than
about 3 minutes – long distance activity – runners/ cyclists – Games Players
ADP + Glycogen = ATP + Pyruvic acid
Aerobic System
22. The importance of each source of energy for physical activity depends
on:
1. Type of physical activity.
2. Intensity of physical activity.
3. Duration of physical activity.
In many aspects of physical activity the 3 energy systems work together
at different times to supply the particular type of energy needed.
Characteristics of the 3 Energy Systems
23. All three energy systems contribute at the start
of exercise but the contribution depends upon
the individual, the effort applied or on the rate
at which energy is used.
The following graph shows how the energy
systems contribute to the manufacture of ATP
over time when exercising at 100% effort.
The thresholds (T) indicate the point at which
the energy system is exhausted - training will
improve the thresholds times.
Energy Continuum
25. Energy
System
Aerobic/
Anaerobic
Fuel/
Energy
Source
By-product
Exercise
intensity
Duration
Sporting
Examples
NOTES
ATP/
PC
Anaerobic ATP/ PC Creatine
High
(Flat Out)
10 – 15
Seconds
Sprinting,
athletic field
events,
weight-lifting.
Small muscular
stores of ATP and
PC are exhausted
quickly leading to a
rapid decline in
immediate energy.
Lactic
Acid
Anaerobic
Glycogen
Glucose
Pyruvic
Acid/ Lactic
Acid
High
Intensity
Up to 3
minutes
400m
800m
Racket
sports.
Lactic acid is a
by-product and
can cause rapid
fatigue.
Aerobic Aerobic
Fat/
glucose
mixture
Water/ CO2 Low
3
minutes
onwards
Long
distance
running/
cycling.
This system is
limited by
availability of O2
Characteristics of the 3 Energy Systems
26. Task
Scenario:
You are about to take part in a football match.
Task:
Describe how much each energy system would contribute to the overall
supply of energy you would need throughout the session.
Provide examples of when each system would be used.
27. Peer assessment
Swap your description with the person next to you.
Read through and assess their work based on the following criteria
• Mentioned all 3 energy systems (2pts)
• Has identified the correct contribution of each system (1pts for each system)
• Has provided relevant examples for each system (2pts for each system)
Maximum score of 11pts
28. Review
On a fresh piece of paper write down two sentence that summarises
what you have learnt today.
Write down one question that you have about what you have learnt
today.
29. Musculoskeletal response
The musculoskeletal systems responds to acute exercise by
• Increasing
blood supply
Muscle pliability
Range of movement
• Micro tears forming in muscle fibres.
Describe what each is and
explain why the body
responds in this way
30. Cardiovascular response
The cardiovascular systems response to acute exercise includes
• Heart rate anticipatory response
• Activity response
• Increased blood pressure
• Vasoconstriction
• Vasodilation
Describe what each is and
explain why the body
responds in this way
31. Respiratory response
The respiratory system responds to acute exercise by
• Increasing
Breathing rate
(neural and chemical
control)
Tidal volume
Describe what each is and
explain why the body
responds in this way
32. Energy systems
The body has a number of energy systems that are responsible
for providing energy during exercise. Describe each of the
following.
• Phosphocreatine
• Lactic acid
• Aerobic
