Plasma is the straw-colored liquid portion of blood that suspends blood cells. It is 92% water and contains proteins, salts, lipids, glucose, hormones, wastes, and other nutrients. The main proteins in plasma are albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen, which serve important functions like transporting molecules, regulating fluid balance, and blood clotting. Plasma transports nutrients, gases, electrolytes, and waste products between tissues and organs throughout the body.

1. Blood
Part-V
Plasma and its functions..

2. Learning objective
 Identify the composition of blood plasma, including its most
important solutes and plasma proteins.
 Functions of different types of plasma proteins.

3. Plasma
Blood is a liquid tissue. Suspended in the watery plasma are seven types of cells
and cell fragments.
Plasma is the straw-colored liquid in which the blood cells are suspended.
Composition of plasma
plasma Component : Percent Water~92 Proteins 6–8
Salts 0.8 Lipids0.6 Glucose (blood sugar)0.1. Plasma
transports materials needed by cells and materials that
must be removed from cells
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma#:~:text=Blood%20plasma%20is%20a%20'yellowish,th
e%20body's%20total%20blood%20volume.

4. Plasma continued
 various ions (Na+, Ca2+, HCO3−, etc. )
 glucose and traces of other sugars, amino acids , other organic acids
 cholesterol and other lipids
 hormones
 urea and other wastes
 Most of these materials are in transit from a place where they are added to the
blood (a "source")
 exchange organs like the intestine
 depots of materials like the liver

5. Blood plasma and its composition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stmYYdp
dV-E

6. Plasma Proteins
 Proteins
 These are the most abundant substance in plasma by weight and play a part
in a variety of roles including clotting, defense and transport. Collectively,
they serve several functions:
 they are an important reserve supply of amino acids for cell nutrition.
 carriers for other molecules.
 Many types of small molecules bind to specific plasma proteins and are
transported from the organs that absorb these proteins to other tissues for
utilization.
 help to keep the blood slightly basic at a stable pH. They do this by
functioning as weak bases themselves to bind excess H+ ions.
 The plasma proteins interact in specific ways to cause the blood to
coagulate.

7. Types of plasma proteins
 There are three major categories of plasma proteins, and each
individual type of proteins has its own specific properties and
functions in addition to their overall collective role:
 Albumin
 Globulin
 Fibrinogen

8. Plasma
 Albumins
 Which are the smallest and most abundant plasma proteins.
 prevent loss of fluid from the blood and a gain of fluid in the
interstitial space (space within the tissue), which may occur in
 nutritional, liver and kidney disease.
 transport of substances such as drugs, hormones and fatty
acids.
 It retain water and thus lack of albumins lead to oedema.

9.  Globulins,
 The globulins include high density lipoproteins (HDL), an alpha-1
globulin, low density lipoproteins (LDL), a beta-1 globulin.
 HDL functions in lipid transport carrying fats to cells for use in
energy metabolism, membrane reconstruction and hormone function.
 HDLs also appear to prevent cholesterol from invading and settling in the walls
of arteries.
 All antibodies which protect our body from infection are globulin proteins and
they are called immunoglobulin.

10.  LDL carries cholesterol and fats to tissues for use in
manufacturing steroid hormones and building cell membranes,
but it also favours the deposition of cholesterol in arterial walls
and thus appears to play a role in disease of the blood vessels
and heart.
 Fibrinogen,
 Fibrin (Active form of fibrinogen) plays a key role in
coagulation of blood in cooperation with platelets
 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191205130543.htm

11. Other components
 Amino acids
 These are formed from the break down of tissue proteins or from the digestion of
digested proteins.
Nitrogenous waste
 Being toxic end products of the break down of substances in the body, these are
usually cleared from the bloodstream and are excreted by the kidneys at a rate that
balances their production.
Nutrients
 Those absorbed by the digestive tract are transported in the blood plasma. These
include glucose, amino acids, fats, cholesterol, phospholipids, vitamins and

12.  Gases
 Some oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported by plasma.
Plasma also contains a substantial amount of dissolved
nitrogen.

Electrolytes
 The most abundant of these are sodium ions, which account
for more of the blood's osmolarity than any other solute.

13. .
MCQ
1. Which of these is a function of blood plasma?
a) To transport oxygen
b) To transport heat energy
c) To produce platlete
2. Which of the following best describes plasma?
a) It is a protein synthesized in the liver.
b) It is a liquid that contains only lipids and antibodies.
c) It is a blood component that is separated by spinning blood.
d) It is an antibody produced in the mucosal lining.

14. Answer
 1) To transfer heat energy
 2) It is a blood component that is separated by spinning blood

15. .
Thank you

16. Problem/Assignment