This document discusses Newton's law of gravitation and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It provides explanations of gravitational force as an attractive force between any two masses, and defines the gravitational potential energy between objects with mass. Kepler's three laws of planetary motion are also summarized: 1) Planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus, 2) A line between a planet and sun sweeps equal areas in equal times, and 3) The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun.