Lecture1 3 shells
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Shells enable users to enter commands and run programs from the command line. Common shells include Bourne, C, and newer shells have added features like command history, line editing, and tab completion. Shells allow environment variables to customize settings, I/O redirection to modify program input/output, and special characters and quotes to control command parsing and argument passing.
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This document discusses IT infrastructure and emerging technologies. It defines IT infrastructure as the set of physical devices and software required to operate an enterprise, including computing platforms, telecommunications, data management, applications, facilities, and IT management services. The evolution of IT infrastructure is described moving from mainframes to minicomputers, personal computers, client/server systems, enterprise internet, and cloud computing. Key technology drivers that have shaped this evolution include Moore's Law increasing microprocessor power, data storage capacity growing exponentially through technologies like nanotechnology, and declining communication costs enabling greater internet access.
Chap14
The document discusses key concepts for new ventures including developing a value chain, operations management, business processes, quality and reliability metrics, speed and flexibility, balanced scorecards, and designing efficient production and logistical processes. It provides examples of value webs and outlines exercises for students to develop a value web for a new electronic game company that outsources manufacturing, sales, and distribution.
Chap13
The document discusses how entrepreneurs can acquire resources to launch a new venture. It explains that successful entrepreneurs locate capital, people, intellectual assets, and physical assets needed. Entrepreneurs pursue opportunities without regard to current resources and use persuasion to secure needed resources. Effective ventures coordinate a mix of outsourced functions and internal capabilities. Location selection considers factors like employees, markets, costs and quality of life.
Chap11
The document discusses key aspects of developing a marketing plan for a new venture or product. It covers determining target customer segments, developing a positioning statement, conducting market research, crafting a marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion, managing customer relationships, and developing strategies for selling the product and building relationships. The goal of the marketing plan is to attract, serve, and retain customers for the new venture.
Chap8
The document discusses different types of business ventures and organizational forms for new ventures. It describes independent ventures, corporate ventures, non-profits, franchises, and more. It also discusses factors that determine the appropriate legal structure for a new venture like context, people, and tax consequences. The document provides tables that outline characteristics, strengths/weaknesses, and processes for different types of organizational forms and new ventures.
Chap7
Entrepreneurs respond to opportunities by forming new ventures and developing business plans. A business plan describes the opportunity, product, strategy, team, resources, finances, and exit strategy of a venture. It helps align the venture and secure necessary resources. Business plans often fail due to unclear models, incomplete analysis, unrealistic assumptions, or gaps in the team's capabilities. Locating a venture within an industry cluster makes success more likely by providing needed employees and infrastructure. Social entrepreneurs aim to deliver social benefits while satisfying environmental and economic goals. The process of planning and communication through a business plan can help entrepreneurs successfully develop new ventures.
Chap6
This document discusses various concepts related to risk management for technology ventures. It defines risk as the chance of loss and explains that entrepreneurs must reduce and manage risks as much as possible for new ventures. Economies of scale can result in lower per-unit costs from increased sales volumes. Scalability refers to how much a firm can grow. Network effects arise when the value of a product increases with more users. Usability factors like ease of use and satisfaction also impact venture success. Entrepreneurs should seek to manage risks while achieving scale, scope and network effects to scale the business.
Chap5
The document discusses how entrepreneurs can develop an effective innovation strategy for a technology venture. An innovation strategy is structured to commercialize new products and services for customers by deciding when to enter the market window of opportunity. Entrepreneurs need to build a network of partners to help achieve the venture's goals. Key factors that influence exploiting an invention include the entrepreneur's capabilities and industry characteristics, as well as the invention's importance, differentiation, and intellectual property protection. Developing the right innovation strategy involves understanding customers, costs, and maintaining advantages over competitors.
Chap4
The document discusses developing an effective strategy for a new venture. It provides a framework for strategy development including analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT analysis), understanding industry forces, identifying core competencies, and selecting a strategic approach. An effective strategy answers key questions about objectives, customers, innovation, competition and sets a clear roadmap for achieving goals through specific actions.
Chap3
The document discusses key elements that entrepreneurs should consider when designing a new business, including vision, mission, value proposition, business model, core competencies, and competitive advantage. A well-designed business considers customers' needs, how the venture will provide unique benefits to satisfy those needs, and how it will sustain a competitive advantage over time through its model, competencies, and differentiation. The chapter provides examples and exercises to help entrepreneurs develop these critical design components.
Chap2
The document discusses how entrepreneurs can identify and select valuable opportunities. It provides guidance on evaluating opportunities, including nine categories of opportunities and factors that influence an opportunity's attractiveness. An entrepreneur must prepare a business summary for a selected opportunity to test it with potential investors, employees, and customers. The summary should explain the problem or need, the proposed solution, and why customers will pay for the solution.
Chap1
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of the book "Technology Ventures: From Idea to Opportunity". It discusses that entrepreneurs provide the creative force needed for capitalism by identifying opportunities and putting new ideas into action. An opportunity is a situation with a good chance of success. For an entrepreneur to fully exploit an opportunity, they must have both entrepreneurial competence in recognizing opportunities and managing resources, as well as commitment to developing the enterprise. Intellectual capital, which includes employee skills and knowledge, management systems, and customer/supplier relationships, contributes to a firm's economic value along with entrepreneurial capital. Dynamic capitalism involves new firms forming, growing, and replacing old firms through creative destruction of old business models.
Chap17
Entrepreneurs build financial plans in four steps: (1) sales forecast, (2) costs forecast, (3) income and cash flow forecast, and (4) balance sheet. The financial plan provides an estimate of a venture's potential and demonstrates growth and profitability. It is based on assumptions about sales, costs, cash receivables/payables, and starting assets. Breakeven analysis calculates the sales level where total revenue equals total costs. The financial plan helps entrepreneurs determine a venture's economic viability.
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Lecture1 3 shells
- 2. Section Overview I/O Substitution Pathname Substitution Parameter/Variable Substitution Command Substitution
- 3. UNIX Shell Enables users to enter commands Text based Similar to MSDOS Command Prompt (but are much more powerful) Common Shells Bourne: sh, ksh, bash C: csh, tcsh
- 4. Shell Features Environment variables and aliases History of commands used Programming constructs Added features in newer shells Command line editing Command line completion Shell configuration files
- 5. Command History/Editing Most shells maintain a history of previously entered commands history: View list of commands !#: Rerun command number # Command line editing Up/down arrow keys to cycle through list Left/right arrow keys to move within listed command <ctrl><a>: move to start of command line <ctrl><e>: move to end of command line
- 6. Command Aliases Shortcut for command line Set/view using the alias command Examples: alias ls='ls --color=tty' alias rm='rm –i'
- 7. Shell Variables Customize environment Shared settings for programs Assigning Variables: var=“value” Referencing Variables: $var Viewing variables: set, printenv Variables are case sensitive
- 8. Special Shell Variables HOME – User’s home directory path SHELL – Current shell UID – User’s UID number PATH – Program search path PS1/PS2 – Format for command prompt (prompt for csh/tcsh) Must use “export” to set variables in shell
- 9. Parsing the Command Line Breaks the command line into components Special Characters modify operation How command runs Filename Expansion I/O redirection Quotes
- 10. Command Run Modifiers Write Space – Separate arguments Newline (<cr>) – End of line Special Characters Character Meaning ; Separate multiple command on same line & Run command in the background At end of line, continue on next line || && Logical operators based on exit status
- 11. Filename Expansion Special characters representing multiple filenames Also referred to as globbing Character Matches * 0 or more characters ? 1 character [ ] Matches any 1 character in [ ] (including ranges) [^ ] Matches any 1 character not in [ ] (including ranges)
- 12. I/O Redirection Modifies how input and output is used Chain command to solve bigger Characters Result tasks < file Use file as input for command command command > file Store command output in file command >> file Append command output to file command << label Input from standard input until label `command` Execute command then replace command name with its output cmd1 | cmd2 Use output from cmd1 as input to cmd2
- 13. Standard File Descriptors Special file pointers for input and output Extension from C language Name Descriptor Default Device Standard input (stdin) 0 Keyboard Standard output (stdout) 1 Screen Standard error (stderr) 2 Screen
- 14. Using File Descriptors Finer control over input/output redirection stdout and stderr can be redirected to same file Characters Result command 2> file stderr output stored in file cmd >& <file-descriptor> Output redirected to <file-descriptor> Cmd > file 2>&1 Stderr & stdout redirected to file
- 15. Quote Characters Prevent special characters from being interpreted by the shell Character Name Action ‘ Single Quote Shell ignores all special characters enclosed ‘ ’ “ Double Quote Shell ignores all special characters enclosed “ ” except for $ ‘ Backslash Shell ignores character immediately following