Cord blood banks raise several ethical issues regarding ownership, informed consent, and solidarity. Regarding ownership, while the newborn is the owner of their cord blood, the mother/parents can provide consent on their behalf. Informed consent is important but challenging with cord blood banking due to the timing of consent and cord clamping. Public banks promote values like altruism and solidarity by making units available for unrelated transplants, while private banks prioritize profit and speculation.
This document summarizes two studies on how information about government support affects charitable donations. Study 1 found that mentioning a charity received government subsidies in the past but not currently increased donations by 2% compared to just appealing for support. The amount donated did not differ. Study 2 found that mentioning a past specific European subsidy to a museum increased donations by 4% compared to a general appeal, but providing the exact subsidy amount decreased donations by 2%.
The document provides information about Athens State University Library services. It lists contact information including phone numbers for the main line, circulation desk and reference desk. It then outlines the various services offered which include circulation, study spaces, computer use, reference, subject guides, interlibrary loan, archives and a writing center. It provides additional details about the circulation desk, hiring student workers, reciprocal agreements with other libraries, the learning commons, computers available, the reference desk, subject guides, interlibrary loan, archives and the writing center.
Some images related to the programme "Science-Art" developed within the project Educating the public on biobanks- International Informativa Campaign. Donate your tissues, support the research.
Contact: elenasalvaterra@yahoo.com
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)maditabalnco
This document contains 20 photos from news events around the world between January and November 2016. The photos show international events like the US presidential election, the conflict in Ukraine, the migrant crisis in Europe, the Rio Olympics, and more. They also depict human interest stories and natural phenomena from various countries.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
This document summarizes two studies on how information about government support affects charitable donations. Study 1 found that mentioning a charity received government subsidies in the past but not currently increased donations by 2% compared to just appealing for support. The amount donated did not differ. Study 2 found that mentioning a past specific European subsidy to a museum increased donations by 4% compared to a general appeal, but providing the exact subsidy amount decreased donations by 2%.
The document provides information about Athens State University Library services. It lists contact information including phone numbers for the main line, circulation desk and reference desk. It then outlines the various services offered which include circulation, study spaces, computer use, reference, subject guides, interlibrary loan, archives and a writing center. It provides additional details about the circulation desk, hiring student workers, reciprocal agreements with other libraries, the learning commons, computers available, the reference desk, subject guides, interlibrary loan, archives and the writing center.
Some images related to the programme "Science-Art" developed within the project Educating the public on biobanks- International Informativa Campaign. Donate your tissues, support the research.
Contact: elenasalvaterra@yahoo.com
Reuters: Pictures of the Year 2016 (Part 2)maditabalnco
This document contains 20 photos from news events around the world between January and November 2016. The photos show international events like the US presidential election, the conflict in Ukraine, the migrant crisis in Europe, the Rio Olympics, and more. They also depict human interest stories and natural phenomena from various countries.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
1) The document discusses the opportunity for technology to improve organizational efficiency and transition economies into a "smart and clean world."
2) It argues that aggregate efficiency has stalled at around 22% for 30 years due to limitations of the Second Industrial Revolution, but that digitizing transport, energy, and communication through technologies like blockchain can help manage resources and increase efficiency.
3) Technologies like precision agriculture, cloud computing, robotics, and autonomous vehicles may allow for "dematerialization" and do more with fewer physical resources through effects like reduced waste and need for transportation/logistics infrastructure.
Umbilical cord blood banking involves collecting and storing umbilical cord blood stem cells for potential future use in stem cell transplants. The first successful umbilical cord blood transplant was in 1988. Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of stem cells and has advantages over other stem cell sources for transplants, such as a lower risk of graft-versus-host disease. In India, there are several public cord blood banks but private banking is more common, though it may not provide benefits over public banking. Guidelines recommend increasing public banking and educating the public about the limitations and benefits of different banking options.
This document discusses biobanking, which involves the organized collection and storage of human biological samples and associated data for use in research and personalized medicine. It defines biobanks and biorepositories, describes the types of samples and data collected, and explains the processes of collection, storage, and distribution. Biobanks help support research on disease biomarkers, drug development, and treatment. Challenges include ethical issues around consent and privacy, as well as ensuring quality standards and governance. The growth of biobanking has been crucial for advances in personalized medicine.
This document discusses biobanks, which are organized collections of human biological samples and associated data for research purposes. A biobank is a type of biorepository that specifically stores human samples. Biobanks have evolved from small university collections to larger population-based and virtual biobanks. They classify samples by disease, population, or tissue type. Biobanks benefit research into personalized medicine but also raise ethical issues regarding informed consent, privacy, and ownership that require oversight. Biobanking is an important part of modern biomedical research.
Derick Mitchell_Biobanking from the patient perspective.pdfipposi
The document discusses biobanking from the patient perspective. It provides an overview of biobanking, including what biobanks are and why they are important for medical research. It also discusses how patient advocacy groups can be involved in biobanking activities through governance, establishing biobanks, and providing patient input. The presentation emphasizes that while biobanks contain patient data and samples, they must also maintain patient trust and center the patient perspective to be successful.
This document discusses stem cells and neonatology. It provides a brief history of stem cell research, defining stem cells and describing the different types. It discusses the sources of stem cells including embryonic, adult, and umbilical cord blood stem cells. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are highlighted as they can be collected at birth, have unique advantages over other stem cell sources, and are being studied for various diseases. The roles of public versus private cord blood banking and the current policies are summarized. The document also discusses some emerging stem cell therapies being studied particularly for neonates.
This document provides information about stem cell banking and transplantation. It discusses what stem cell banking entails, including the collection, processing, cryopreservation, and storage of stem cells from umbilical cord blood and other sources. Specifically, it describes cord blood banking, how the blood is collected and stored long-term in cord blood banks. It also discusses other stem cell sources that can be banked, such as amniotic fluid, menstrual blood, and umbilical cord tissue. The benefits and limitations of private versus public banking are outlined.
Cord blood banking stem cell banking 75 to 150 ml blood collected from umbili...DrDivitasaxena1
Cord blood banking involves collecting and storing umbilical cord blood stem cells. The cord blood is collected after birth from the umbilical cord and placenta, as it is rich in stem cells. The blood is processed and tested before being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for potential future use in stem cell transplants. Public and private cord blood banks serve different purposes, with private banks charging fees for families to store and reserve their child's cord blood for personal use if needed.
Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells that can be collected after birth and stored in cord blood banks. These stem cells have potential medical uses for treating over 80 diseases. The cord blood collection process involves clamping and cutting the umbilical cord after birth and collecting the blood from the umbilical vein. The collected cord blood undergoes testing, processing to extract stem cells, and cryopreservation for long-term storage. Stored cord blood stem cells can be used for stem cell transplants to treat conditions like blood disorders and cancers when needed.
This document summarizes the connections between clinical trials and family banking of perinatal stem cells. It reviews the first decade of advanced cell therapy clinical trials using perinatal stem cells from 2005-2015. It also surveys the perinatal cell storage services offered by family cord blood banks, including what cell and tissue types they store. The growth of family cord blood banking has helped drive clinical trials by providing a source of autologous cells and funding from bank owners seeking to justify the family banking market.
This document discusses umbilical cord blood banking. It begins by defining umbilical cord blood and its importance as a source of stem cells. It then explains the two main methods for collecting cord blood - syringe and bag methods. The document outlines the non-invasive collection process and how the blood is stored long-term at cord blood banks. It discusses the various types of stem cells found in cord blood and over 75 diseases currently treated with cord blood transplants, including cancers and blood disorders. The advantages and costs of public versus private cord blood banking are presented, along with safety considerations. Cord blood banking services available in Nepal are also mentioned.
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and, (in humans), normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the fetal heart pumps deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.
The blood within the umbilical cord, known as cord blood, is a rich and readily available source of primitive, undifferentiated stem cells (of type CD34-positive and CD38-negative). These cord blood cells can be used for bone marrow transplant.
Some parents choose to have this blood diverted from the baby's umbilical blood transfer through early cord clamping and cutting, to freeze for long-term storage at a cord blood bank should the child ever require the cord blood stem cells (for example, to replace bone marrow destroyed when treating leukemia).
In the future, cord blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells (CBEs) may be banked and matched with other patients, much like blood and transplanted tissues. The use of CBEs could potentially eliminate the ethical difficulties associated with embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
The document discusses stem cell and bone marrow transplantation. It defines stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and adult stem cells. It also defines bone marrow transplantation and describes the different sources of bone marrow stem cells including peripheral blood, bone marrow harvest, and umbilical cord blood. The document outlines the indications for bone marrow stem cell transplantation and the types including autologous and allogeneic transplants. It provides details on the procedures for bone marrow transplantation and post-transplantation care and discusses common side effects.
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find matching bone marrow donors. DKMS works to register potential donors and match them with patients in need of bone marrow transplants. The organization helps organize donor drives and uses high-resolution typing to minimize search times for patients. DKMS does not charge new donors the $65 registration fee.
DKMS Saving Lives - Colin's Online VersionColin Hall
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find bone marrow donors. DKMS guides patients and families on bone marrow donation processes, helps organize donor drives, and registers donors at no cost to increase chances of finding matches for blood cancer patients in need of transplants. The document provides information on bone marrow and stem cell donations, the donation process, donor eligibility, common myths and facts, cancer statistics, and stories of cancer warriors and celebrity supporters of bone marrow donation.
Biobanking refers to the process by which samples of bodily fluid or tissue are collected for research use to improve our understanding of health and disease
Medicon Valley Cluster Visit joyce carlson regional biobank centreMichiel Stoffels
This document describes Region Skånes Biobank in southern Sweden. It contains over 8 million biological samples from identifiable individuals who have consented to have their samples stored and used for healthcare, quality assurance, teaching, and research. About half of the samples were obtained through routine healthcare procedures like pathology and cytology. The other half come from large population-based epidemiological studies and ongoing clinical cohort studies. The biobank aims to improve research by facilitating access to these samples and linking them to comprehensive health and lifestyle data in Swedish health registries. Strict ethical guidelines protect donor privacy and require consent for specific research purposes.
Global Academic Program of MD Anderson Cancer Centerspa718
The Global Academic Programs (GAP) at MD Anderson Cancer Center supports the institution's mission of eliminating cancer globally through its Sister Institution Network of 33 cancer centers in 24 countries. GAP facilitates collaboration between MD Anderson and its sister institutions across key areas of patient care, research, prevention, and education. Notable activities include referring international patients for second opinions and treatment through the Sister Institution Referral Assistance Center, funding collaborative research projects through the Sister Institution Network Fund, increasing global cancer publications and clinical trials, implementing tobacco control programs, and convening an annual conference to foster networking.
The document summarizes the scope of the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) in Sri Lanka. It discusses:
1) The history of transfusion medicine from discoveries in the 17th century to the establishment of the first blood bank in Sri Lanka in the late 1950s.
2) The roles and functions of the NBTS, including blood collection, processing and storage, testing, clinical transfusion medicine, education, research, and regulation.
3) Some of the challenges faced by the NBTS, such as maintaining an adequate voluntary blood supply and storage facilities, and the need to update transfusion guidelines and regulatory frameworks in Sri Lanka.
CCT and LifebankUSA have formed a prolific partnership in the fields of stem cell storage and therapies. LifebankUSA is a blood banking facility that stores stem cells to treat over 80 diseases through transplantation procedures done in partnership with CCT. The two companies work to advance cancer treatments, hematological corrections, and remedies for other diseases. Their goal is to expand treatment options for conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's, and spinal cord injuries through regenerative medicine research in the next decade.
Umbilical cord blood banking involves collecting and storing umbilical cord blood stem cells for potential future use in stem cell transplants. The first successful umbilical cord blood transplant was in 1988. Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of stem cells and has advantages over other stem cell sources for transplants, such as a lower risk of graft-versus-host disease. In India, there are several public cord blood banks but private banking is more common, though it may not provide benefits over public banking. Guidelines recommend increasing public banking and educating the public about the limitations and benefits of different banking options.
This document discusses biobanking, which involves the organized collection and storage of human biological samples and associated data for use in research and personalized medicine. It defines biobanks and biorepositories, describes the types of samples and data collected, and explains the processes of collection, storage, and distribution. Biobanks help support research on disease biomarkers, drug development, and treatment. Challenges include ethical issues around consent and privacy, as well as ensuring quality standards and governance. The growth of biobanking has been crucial for advances in personalized medicine.
This document discusses biobanks, which are organized collections of human biological samples and associated data for research purposes. A biobank is a type of biorepository that specifically stores human samples. Biobanks have evolved from small university collections to larger population-based and virtual biobanks. They classify samples by disease, population, or tissue type. Biobanks benefit research into personalized medicine but also raise ethical issues regarding informed consent, privacy, and ownership that require oversight. Biobanking is an important part of modern biomedical research.
Derick Mitchell_Biobanking from the patient perspective.pdfipposi
The document discusses biobanking from the patient perspective. It provides an overview of biobanking, including what biobanks are and why they are important for medical research. It also discusses how patient advocacy groups can be involved in biobanking activities through governance, establishing biobanks, and providing patient input. The presentation emphasizes that while biobanks contain patient data and samples, they must also maintain patient trust and center the patient perspective to be successful.
This document discusses stem cells and neonatology. It provides a brief history of stem cell research, defining stem cells and describing the different types. It discusses the sources of stem cells including embryonic, adult, and umbilical cord blood stem cells. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are highlighted as they can be collected at birth, have unique advantages over other stem cell sources, and are being studied for various diseases. The roles of public versus private cord blood banking and the current policies are summarized. The document also discusses some emerging stem cell therapies being studied particularly for neonates.
This document provides information about stem cell banking and transplantation. It discusses what stem cell banking entails, including the collection, processing, cryopreservation, and storage of stem cells from umbilical cord blood and other sources. Specifically, it describes cord blood banking, how the blood is collected and stored long-term in cord blood banks. It also discusses other stem cell sources that can be banked, such as amniotic fluid, menstrual blood, and umbilical cord tissue. The benefits and limitations of private versus public banking are outlined.
Cord blood banking stem cell banking 75 to 150 ml blood collected from umbili...DrDivitasaxena1
Cord blood banking involves collecting and storing umbilical cord blood stem cells. The cord blood is collected after birth from the umbilical cord and placenta, as it is rich in stem cells. The blood is processed and tested before being cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for potential future use in stem cell transplants. Public and private cord blood banks serve different purposes, with private banks charging fees for families to store and reserve their child's cord blood for personal use if needed.
Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells that can be collected after birth and stored in cord blood banks. These stem cells have potential medical uses for treating over 80 diseases. The cord blood collection process involves clamping and cutting the umbilical cord after birth and collecting the blood from the umbilical vein. The collected cord blood undergoes testing, processing to extract stem cells, and cryopreservation for long-term storage. Stored cord blood stem cells can be used for stem cell transplants to treat conditions like blood disorders and cancers when needed.
This document summarizes the connections between clinical trials and family banking of perinatal stem cells. It reviews the first decade of advanced cell therapy clinical trials using perinatal stem cells from 2005-2015. It also surveys the perinatal cell storage services offered by family cord blood banks, including what cell and tissue types they store. The growth of family cord blood banking has helped drive clinical trials by providing a source of autologous cells and funding from bank owners seeking to justify the family banking market.
This document discusses umbilical cord blood banking. It begins by defining umbilical cord blood and its importance as a source of stem cells. It then explains the two main methods for collecting cord blood - syringe and bag methods. The document outlines the non-invasive collection process and how the blood is stored long-term at cord blood banks. It discusses the various types of stem cells found in cord blood and over 75 diseases currently treated with cord blood transplants, including cancers and blood disorders. The advantages and costs of public versus private cord blood banking are presented, along with safety considerations. Cord blood banking services available in Nepal are also mentioned.
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and, (in humans), normally contains two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), buried within Wharton's jelly. The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. Conversely, the fetal heart pumps deoxygenated, nutrient-depleted blood through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta.
The blood within the umbilical cord, known as cord blood, is a rich and readily available source of primitive, undifferentiated stem cells (of type CD34-positive and CD38-negative). These cord blood cells can be used for bone marrow transplant.
Some parents choose to have this blood diverted from the baby's umbilical blood transfer through early cord clamping and cutting, to freeze for long-term storage at a cord blood bank should the child ever require the cord blood stem cells (for example, to replace bone marrow destroyed when treating leukemia).
In the future, cord blood-derived embryonic-like stem cells (CBEs) may be banked and matched with other patients, much like blood and transplanted tissues. The use of CBEs could potentially eliminate the ethical difficulties associated with embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
The document discusses stem cell and bone marrow transplantation. It defines stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and adult stem cells. It also defines bone marrow transplantation and describes the different sources of bone marrow stem cells including peripheral blood, bone marrow harvest, and umbilical cord blood. The document outlines the indications for bone marrow stem cell transplantation and the types including autologous and allogeneic transplants. It provides details on the procedures for bone marrow transplantation and post-transplantation care and discusses common side effects.
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find matching bone marrow donors. DKMS works to register potential donors and match them with patients in need of bone marrow transplants. The organization helps organize donor drives and uses high-resolution typing to minimize search times for patients. DKMS does not charge new donors the $65 registration fee.
DKMS Saving Lives - Colin's Online VersionColin Hall
DKMS is the world's largest bone marrow donor center with over 3 million registered donors. It was founded in Germany in 1991 by Peter Harf, who lost his wife to blood cancer, to help patients find bone marrow donors. DKMS guides patients and families on bone marrow donation processes, helps organize donor drives, and registers donors at no cost to increase chances of finding matches for blood cancer patients in need of transplants. The document provides information on bone marrow and stem cell donations, the donation process, donor eligibility, common myths and facts, cancer statistics, and stories of cancer warriors and celebrity supporters of bone marrow donation.
Biobanking refers to the process by which samples of bodily fluid or tissue are collected for research use to improve our understanding of health and disease
Medicon Valley Cluster Visit joyce carlson regional biobank centreMichiel Stoffels
This document describes Region Skånes Biobank in southern Sweden. It contains over 8 million biological samples from identifiable individuals who have consented to have their samples stored and used for healthcare, quality assurance, teaching, and research. About half of the samples were obtained through routine healthcare procedures like pathology and cytology. The other half come from large population-based epidemiological studies and ongoing clinical cohort studies. The biobank aims to improve research by facilitating access to these samples and linking them to comprehensive health and lifestyle data in Swedish health registries. Strict ethical guidelines protect donor privacy and require consent for specific research purposes.
Global Academic Program of MD Anderson Cancer Centerspa718
The Global Academic Programs (GAP) at MD Anderson Cancer Center supports the institution's mission of eliminating cancer globally through its Sister Institution Network of 33 cancer centers in 24 countries. GAP facilitates collaboration between MD Anderson and its sister institutions across key areas of patient care, research, prevention, and education. Notable activities include referring international patients for second opinions and treatment through the Sister Institution Referral Assistance Center, funding collaborative research projects through the Sister Institution Network Fund, increasing global cancer publications and clinical trials, implementing tobacco control programs, and convening an annual conference to foster networking.
The document summarizes the scope of the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) in Sri Lanka. It discusses:
1) The history of transfusion medicine from discoveries in the 17th century to the establishment of the first blood bank in Sri Lanka in the late 1950s.
2) The roles and functions of the NBTS, including blood collection, processing and storage, testing, clinical transfusion medicine, education, research, and regulation.
3) Some of the challenges faced by the NBTS, such as maintaining an adequate voluntary blood supply and storage facilities, and the need to update transfusion guidelines and regulatory frameworks in Sri Lanka.
CCT and LifebankUSA have formed a prolific partnership in the fields of stem cell storage and therapies. LifebankUSA is a blood banking facility that stores stem cells to treat over 80 diseases through transplantation procedures done in partnership with CCT. The two companies work to advance cancer treatments, hematological corrections, and remedies for other diseases. Their goal is to expand treatment options for conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's, and spinal cord injuries through regenerative medicine research in the next decade.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Lecture, leuven; november 2013
1. Cord Blood Banks between Therapy and Research:
Ownership, Informed Consent and Solidarity
Elena Salvaterra, PhD
msalvaterra@bp.lnf.it
2. Aims
• Give a picture of cord blood and cord blood
banks
• Identify ethical principles and issues related to
cord blood banks
• Look at the interaction of science, technique
and ethics in cord blood banking
• Discuss the ELSI of cord blood banks
Erasmus Mundus Students -Leuven 2013 2
4. … From the Newborn Cord Blood …
Erasmus Mundus Students -Leuven 2013 4
5. … To Cord Blood Banks…
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6. Preliminary Questions
• Why is newborn
cord blood
important?
• Why should we
collect and store it?
• How is the newborn
cord blood linked to
cord blood banks?
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7. … Newborn Cord Blood from Waste Material ..
In the past,
newborn cord
blood was
usually destined
to incinerators
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8. …to Source for Transplantations and Research…
• Since the 1988, CB
life completely
changed
• Proven standardised
treatment for a
number of diseases
and pretious source
of stem cells
suitable for research
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9. Newborn Cord Blood History (1)
• The first CB
transplant was
performed in a 5-year
old child with Fanconi
Anemia (1988)
• It was a related CBT
using the CB stem
cells derived from the
UC of the child sister
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10. Newborn Cord Blood History (2)
• In 1991, the first public cord blood bank was
established at the New York Blood Center
• In 1993 the first allogenic unrelated CB
transplant performed in a 4-year old child with
laukaemia
• Since then, cord blood (CB) has been recognised
standard practice treatment option in pediatric
allogenic transplantation and a promising
treatment in adults
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11. Cord Blood Characteristics and Uses (1)
• Like Bone Marrow (BM) and Perhiperhal Blood (PB), cord
blood is rich of stem cells
• Stem Cells: «undifferentiated blank cells» (Fossett, 2009)
able to produce either cells like themselves (self-renewal)
or cells of one or several specific differentiated types
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12. Cord Blood Characteristics and Uses (2)
• CB is rich of hematopoietic stem cells that can be
used for the treatment of hereditary and/or
haematological conditions, both malignant and non-
malignant such as:
– Laukaemia
– Lymphoma
– Myeloma
– Selected Solid Tumours (e.g., retinoblastoma)
• Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Blood Forming
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13. Cord Blood Characteristics and Uses (3)
• CB is rich of non hematopoietic stem cells whose
potential is associated with future tissue repair
and regeneration (neural, cardiac, epithelial,
hepatocytic, and dermal tissue)
• Non hematopoietic stem cells: include
mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC),
endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
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14. Cord Blood
«Ethically-Free» Stem Cell Source
• Stem cells cointained
in the umbilical cord
blood are adult stem
cells
• Younger than stem
cells included in BM
and PB
• Older than stem cells
derived from human
embryos
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15. Cord Blood Advantages
and Disadvantages
Compared to BMT and PBT, CBT Advantages
• Absence of risks to donors (mother and newborn)
• Reduced risk of transmitting infections
• Greater histocompatibility/more access to patients
• Immediate availability of cryopreserved cells
Disadvantages
• Longer patient recovery
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16. Cord Blood Banks and Transplants Worldwide
Public Vs Private (1)
• Since the first CB transplant in 1988, more
than 20,000 allogenic CB transplantations
have been performed worldwide
• More than 600,000 cord blood units stored in
public cord blood banks
• A number of international networks created (Netcord,
Asiacord, Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide) and registries
listing publicly banked CB units developed (Eurocord, Center
for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research)
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17. Cord Blood Banks and Transplants Worldwide
Public Vs Private (2)
More than 100 public CB Banks created, mainly
based in Australia, United Kingdom, USA,
Belgium, Spain, Italy, France, Brasil, Israel
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18. Cord Blood Banks and Transplants Worldwide
Public Vs Private (3)
• Over the last 15 years, 900,000 cord blood units
have been stored in private banks for personal
use
• About 100 autologous transplants have been
performed worldwide
• There are about 200 private cord blood banks
worldwide
(www.parentsguidecordblood.org)
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19. Cord Blood Banks and Transplants Worldwide
Public Vs Private (4)
• Based on the Eurocord Registry, about 600
patients have been transplanted with allogenic
related CB from 1988 to 2010 (family CB
tranplants)
• Most recipients were children
• Treated diseases were mostly non malignant
(e.g.,hemoglibonopathies, thalassemia)
• In contrast to unrelated cord blood transplants,
the number of family CBTs has not increased year
after year
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20. What Are Cord Blood Banks? (1)
• Biobanks providing services of collection,
processing, storage and distribution of CB units for
transplantation and research
• According to the origin of the collected source, CB
banks fall into the broader category of pediatric
biobanks
• CB banks represent a special model of pediatric
biobank because of they provide CB units for clinical
applications (transplants) and research
• Based on financial support, CB banks also represent a
relevant model for public, private or hybrid biobanks
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21. What Are Cord Blood Banks? (2)
• Based on:
financial support
technical aspects
offered services
underlying values
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22. What Are Cord Blood Banks? (3)
• three broad categories of cord blood banks can be now
identified:
Public
Private
Hybrid
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24. Public Cord Blood Banks (2)
• Publicly funded (no fee for service)
• Usually accreditated services of
collection, processing, storage, controls
and distribution of CB units (AABB,
Netcord, Asiacord…..)
• Structured process of information and
consent
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26. Public Cord Blood Banks (4)
• Dedicated to allogenic transplantation including:
Related CB transplantation (sibling and relatives)
Unrelated CB transplantation (all patients needed
a CBT worldwide)
• Allogenic CBTs are recognised a standard practice
treatment option in pediatric allogenic
transplantation, increasing in adult treatment
• Promote values as altruism, solidarity, justice
→relationships of solidarity
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27. Private Cord Blood Banks (1)
• Fee for service
(from 1000 to
2000 Euros per
year + annual
fee for the
storage)
• CB units are stored for
autologous or family
(related) use
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28. Private Cord Blood Banks (2)
• Private CB banks for
autologus use are not
supported from clinical
evidence based data
• In spite of the large
number of stored CB
units only three
published reports of
autologous CBTs
• Often they provide
misleading information to
parents
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29. Private Cord Blood Banks (3)
• Chance that the CB stored privately will be used
for autoloogus transplant is very low
• Although clinical trials are presently underway,
regenerative medicine remains little more than
a promising possibility and the value of CB in
this field is also uncertain
• Benefits advertised from private CBBs are
largely speculative
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30. Private Cord Blood Banks (4)
• Private CBBs promote the private storage of
the newborn CB as a «biological insurance»
• Private CBBs appeal to the sense of obligation
of parents to store the newborn CB privately
• Often private CBBs sell false promises
• Commercial relationship model
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31. Private Cord Blood Banks (5)
• Make a distinction between:
private CBBs for autologous use only (like
in Australia) or in addition to related use
and
private CBBs for allogenic related (sibling
or relative) transplantation (family CB
banks)
and
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32. Private Cord Blood Banks (6)
• Family CBB services are clinically indicated and
validated in families where the pregnant mother:
has an existing child or
has a known risk to have a child
affected by a disease treatable by related UC
trasplantation
• Family CBBs, like private CBBs in general, require
a fee for service ($ 1,500 for unit and $ 50 for
storage)
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33. Hybrid Cord Blood Banks (1)
Fall into two broad categories:
• Many offer both public and private services
• So far, the only public bank offering both the
services is the Alberta Cord Blood Bank in
Canada
• Other collect and store CB for private
autologous or related use but make available
the stored CB units to the public system,
based on the choice of parents
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34. Hybrid Cord Blood Banks (2)
Other Paradigms
• Turkish Model: according to the government
legislation, 25% of all privately stored CBUs is
donated to the public system
• Virgin Model: 80% of the CBUs are donated to
the public system and 20% is stored for private
use. Profits are used to fund stem cell
research
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35. Hybrid Cord Blood Banks (3)
• Spanish Model: CBUs privately stored are
recorded on the Official Spanish Register of
Bone Marrow Donors.
• Should a patient in need of a transplant find a
matched donor, parents are obliged to donate
the cord blood and the storage fee is
reimbursed
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37. Cord Blood Banking and Use
ELSI Overview (1)
• Cord blood banking process and use raise a
number of ethical, legal and social issues
Public CBBs are expression of:
• Altruism
• Solidarity
• Cooperation
• Justice as fair allocation of available CB units
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38. Cord Blood Banking and Use
ELSI Overview (2)
Private CBBs are expression of:
• Competition
• Speculation
• Profit markets
• Conflict with the principle of justice
• Conflict with a model of social/individual trust
in science and technology
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39. Cord Blood Banking and Use
ELSI Overview (3)
Hybrid CBBs are expression of a combination of
values underlying public and private CBBs
• Autonomy
• Solidarity
• Justice
• Profit
• “Solidarity market” Vs “Profit market”
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40. Cord Blood Banking and Use
Special ELSI
• Ownership
• Informed consent
• Solidarity
• With regard to ownership and informed
consent CBBs are a relevant model for ELSI of
pediatric biobanks in general
• Solidarity is a basic principle of pediatric
biobanks for research aims
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41. Ownership (1)
• Ownerhsip of body and body parts remains widely
controversial either in common and continental legal
system
• Personality Right Teory:
The body and its parts are considered as corporeal components
of the personal identity
Self-autonomy plays a crucial role
• Property Right Teory
Body parts are considered as things which can be bought and
sold on a market place
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42. Ownership (2)
Within the realm of cord blood banks:
• Owner of the cord blood and the cord itself is
the newborn
• The mother/parents is/are legitimate to
exercise autonomy rights on behalf of the
newborn until the age of the maturity
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43. Informed Consent
General Issues (1)
• Informed consent for cord blood banking is
expression of the broader issue of informed
consent for pediatric biobanks
• Pediatric biobanks raise the issue to identify
the subject legitimate to give the informed
consent: parents/legal representative or child?
• Cord blood banks adds a third option to the
model of pediatric biobanks: mother, parents
or child?
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44. Informed Consent
General Issues (2)
• According to the prevailing ethical and
legal position, the informed consent for
cord blood collection and banking should
be given by the newborn mother
• The informed consent of both parents is
not legally necessary
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45. Informed Consent
General Issues (3)
• The child has the right to decide on the
disposition of the stored cord blood (where
available) once he/she becomes competent
• The age for reaching to capacity to make
autonomous decisions (including informed
consent) is very controversial in cord blood and
broadly pediatric biobanks
• The mother informed consent principle is
different from the both parents informed consent
rule which is generally followed in pediatric
biobanks
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46. Informed Consent
Special Challanges (1)
The double faces of the timing
• Timing of the maternal consent provision
• Timing of the cord blood clamping
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47. Informed Consent
Special Challanges (2)
• Working Group on ethical issues in umbilical
cord blood banking and the American
Academy of Pediatrics consider intrapartum
and after-collection consent unethical
• They recommend written informed consent be
obtained during prenatal care, before the
onset of labor
• A confirmation of consent after delivery
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48. Informed Consent
Special Challanges (3)
…..Cord clamping timing………
• Although there is no a scientific consensus on the
best time to clamping the newborn cord, it is known
that clamping early allows to have the largest volume
of neonatal blood, without serious effects on the
newborn health (apart from pre-term infants)
• Timing of the cord clamping and risks/benefits
associated with early or delayed clamping should be
clarified in the informed consent process
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49. Informed Consent Content (1)
• Expectant mothers should be given clear and
appropriate information about the options to
donate cord blood for public or private or
mixed use
• Expectant mothers should be informed on
procedures for collecting, processing, testing,
storing and using the cord blood and related
risks and benefits
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50. Informed Consent Content (2)
• European Group on Ethics in Science and New
Technologies – Opinion on “Ethical aspects of
umbilical cord blood banking”, 2004
• European Recommendation Rec (2004) 8 of
the Committee of Ministers on Autologous
cord blood banks, 2004
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51. Informed Consent Content (3)
EGE Opinion
“If the cord blood is to be stored by a private bank,
appropriate information should be given to the
consumers (…) including the fact that the likelihood
that the sample may be used to treat one’child is
currently negligible, that the future therapeutic
possibilities are of a very hypothetical nature and
that up until now there is no indication that the
present research will lead to specific therapeutic
applications of one’s own cord blood cells. This
information should be made clear on all media (…)”
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52. Informed Consent Content (4)
European Recommendation
“Where autologous cord blood banks are being
established, the promotional material or
information provided to families must be
accurate and fully informed consent to cord
blood storage must be obtained”
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53. Informed Consent Content (5)
• The analysis of information of the English
websites of 148 private cord blood banks showed
that “a pattern of confusing and potentially
misleading information” were provided
• Often, private cord blood banks publish lists of
disorders treatable through CB transplans
without a clear distinction between diseases for
whom the CBT is a proven treatment and those
which could be treated in the future
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54. Informed Consent Content (6)
• Private cord blood banks often do not explain
the difference between autologous and
allogenic cord blood transplantation
• They leave expectant parents to suppose that
indications for allogenic transplant also apply
to autologous transplantations
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55. Solidarity and Justice in Cord Blood Banks (1)
• Altruism and solidarity are basic principles of
cord blood banks for allogenic
transplantations
• Altruism and solidarity have different
applications based on their clinical use:
transplantations in sibling or relatives
transplantations in unrelated patients
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56. Solidarity and Justice in Cord Blood Banks (2)
• Altruism and solidarity meet the value of
justice in public cord blood banks
• By making available CB units for any patient in
need of stem cell CBT worldwide, public cord
blood banks promote the principle of justice
as fair allocation of available resources
• Respects for this principle has relevant
implications for racial and ethnic minorities
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57. Solidarity and Justice in Cord Blood Banks (3)
• Racial and ethnic minorities are usually
underrepresented on the bone marrow registries
worldwide
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58. Solidarity and Justice in Cord Blood Banks (4)
• As reported in the literature, although a
matched unrelated donor can be found for up
to 75% of patients of Western European
origin, for many ethnic groups the reverse is
true with no more than 20-30% being
matched
• Public CBBs contribute to overcome this
problem allowing a great number of patients
to benefit from a smaller pool of donors
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59. A Patchwork of Values (1)
• Combination of ethical values surrounding cord
blood banking is not easy to understand in practice
• Public cord blood banks promote values of
autonomy, solidarity and justice through allogenic CB
transplantation
• They permit to a large number of patients to find an
adequate donor worldwide beside the racial and
ethnical differences
• They provide high quality services
• They do not require a fee for service
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60. Patchwork of Values (2)
• Private and many hybrid cbbs support a for profit
approach
• They promote services which are not based on well
proven clinical data
• They provide often inaccurate and potentially
misleading information to expectant parents
• They limit the access to CBT to a number of patients
including racial and ethnic minorities
• They provide expensive services
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61. Conclusion (1)
• Which values (and consequently CBBs) should
be supported?
• Should the parent choices be accepted
regardless of the given information and the
underlying values?
• Is better to give more chance of care to a large
number of patients or to restrict them to a
selected group?
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62. Conclusion (2)
• What is critical in private cord blood banks,
the false hopes they give to expectant parents
or the fee for service they ask for?
• Is ethically acceptable the family cord blood
bank model, asking for a fee for clinically
proven services?
• Which risks are associated with a bio-market
model?
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