parques científicos

1. Science & Technology Park Development
as a Regional Innovation Platform:
Lessons from Vietnam, Mexico, & Korea
A Special Lecture Prepared
for Yachay, Rep of Ecuador
28 NOV 2017
Hak-Min Kim, Ph.D.
Professor of Soonchunhyang University, Korea
hakmin@sch.ac.kr (+82-10-5454-1206)

2. Speaker : Hak-Min Kim
Academy Works
BA, MA, Ph.D, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
Professor, Soonchunhyang (SCH) University, KOREA (1995- )
Dean of University-Industry Cooperation, SCH University (2013-2015)
PM, Leaders in Industry-Academy Cooperation (LINC) Program (2012-2016)
Vice President for Industry-Academy Cooperation (2015-2016)
Field Works
PM, Knowledge Sharing Project between Mexico & Korea for Colima State(2014-2016)
PM, Korea-Vietnam Incubator Park Project (2012-2013)
PM, Korea-Thai Incubation Center Project(2009-2010)
PM, Chungnam Techno Park Master Plan (1999-2000)
Co-Chair, Korean Clean Tech Cluster TFT in Masdar City, UAE (2010)
President & CEO, Chungnam Techno Park, KOREA (2007-2010)
President, SME Education Institute of Chungnam, KOREA(2003-2005)
Social Services
Expert Consultant, UNESCO Science & Technology Park Programs (2007-)
Editorial Board Member, World Technopolis Review (2011- )
Advisory Councilor, IASP: International Association of Science Parks (2010-2011)
Chairperson, Korea Technopark Association (2009-2010)
Expert Advisor to Vietnam, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Mexico, Mongolia, Thailand (2006- )
Expert Advisor to Presidential Committees, KOREA (2003-2005)

3. 1
CONTENTS
I. STP as Regional Innovation Platform (RIP)
II. Early Stage of STP for RIP in Advanced Countries
III. Early Stage of STP in Mexico
IV. Early Stage of STP in Vietnam
V. STP Operation by RIP : Suggestions from Korean STP

4. I. STP as RIP
1. Concept of Regional Innovation System
1
The regional innovation system (RIS) may be drawn
conceptually and organizationally around the economic,
social, political and institutional relationships
that generate a collective learning process
within a related group of technological or functional areas.
The RIS encourages the rapid diffusion of knowledge,
skills and best practice within a geographic area
larger than a city, but smaller than a nation.
WIKIPEDIA : Ontario Network in the Regional Innovation System (August 19, 2009)

5. I. STP as RIP
2. Concept of Regional Innovation Platform
2
A regional innovation platform (RIP) is a hub
for science & technology innovation, production
innovation, and business service innovation by a
network of enterprises, universities, research institutes,
governments, and business service agencies.
Hak-Min Kim (2003)
 RIP = Platform by Network

6. I. STP as RIP
4. Components of RIP
Innovation Activities
Activities
Direct Indirect
System
3
Innovation
System
Formal
<Innovation Network> <Official Innovation System>
- Enterprises -Education/ Finance System
-Universities & R&D Institutes -Labor Market
-Government & Agencies -Legal & Tax System
-Technology Policies -Innovation Policy
Informal
<Innovation Cultural Factors>
-Value of the Region
-Civilian Awareness of the Region
-Education Programs
-Financial Environment
<Innovation Patterns>
-Trust among Clients & Suppliers
-Collaboration among Enterprises
-Collaboration among Scientists
-Familiarity of Technology Policies
Source: modified from Lundvall (2007)

7. I. STP as RIP
5. Completion of RIP for Innovation Ecosystem
Governance &
4
System  Facilitator,
Coordinator  Social Capital: Culture

Government
 Downstream Industry
 Investment Financial
via
Incentives
Support
System
Key Enterprises
in a Specialized
 Physical
Infrastructure
 Upstream Industry
 Knowledge
Innovation Infrastructure Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Public Sector
Investment
via
Private Sector
Source: modified from Andersson and Karlsson (2004)
Industry
 Technology

8. II. Early Stage of STP for RIP in Advanced Countries
1. Innovation System & Activities in the first 10-15 Years
Innovation Activities
Activities
Direct Indirect
System
Innovation
System
Formal
<Innovation Network> <Official Innovation System>
- Silicon Valley -Silicon Valley
-Sophia Antipolis -Sophia Antipolis
-Tsukuba Science City -Chungnam Techcno Park
-Chungnam Techcno Park
Informal
<Innovation Cultural Factors>
-Silicon Valley
<Innovation Patterns>
- Silicon Valley
-Sophia Antipolis
5

9. II. Early Stage of STP for RIP in Advanced Countries
2. Chungnam Techno Park in the first 10-15 Years
Innovation Activities
Activities
Direct Indirect
System
Formal
Innovation
System
<Innovation Network> <Official Innovation System>
-Central-Provincial-Municipal Governments-Regional Innovators Consortium
-70 Professors in 17 Universities -University Incubators Association
- Banks & Enterprises Supports -Venture Enterprise Association
Informal
<Innovation Cultural Factors>
Problems
* Government-led STP
* Inconsistency of STP leadership
* Dependency of Anchor Enterprises
(Samsung Elec & Hyundai Automobile)
<Innovation Patterns>
- Possibilities in 4 Industrial Sectors-
* IT Display Industry
* Automobile Industry
* Multimedia & Screen Industry
* Agro-Bio Industry
6

10. III. Early Stage of STP in Mexico
1. Colima State in Mexico
7
Item Contents of Colima
Location Middle of Pacific Coast in Mexico
Size 5,627 km2 (28th / 32 States in Mexico)
Population 710,000 persons (32nd / 32 States in Mexico)
Major Cities Colima, Manzaillo, Tacoman
Industry Main Business Related Business
Infrastructure
Port Service
LNG Terminal
Pipe Line Connection -
Facilities
Ship Yard management
Container Maintenance
Logistics
Industrial Park
Vehicle Management
Truck Yard
Agriculture Cooling Storage of Crops Packaging
Business Processing of Crops Transportation
Mining
Processing of Iron Ore
Non-ferrous Metal
Ceramic & Stones
Construction Materials
Source: Ministry of Economic Development, Colima State

11. Manzanilo Beach 28
11 Colima Volcanic Mountain

12. III. Early Stage of STP in Developing Countries
2. Current Status of Colima Techno Park in Mexico
9
<Facts in Colima Techno Park>
-Colima TP launched in 2008
-Physical Infrastructure (23 ha)
completed in 2008-2010
-523 Million USD Project
in 2008-2015
-Under Amendment of
Master Plan by Korean Team

13. III. Early Stage of STP in Mexico
3. Working Scope of Colima TP Master Plan
▶ Analysis of Colima State for Master Plan of Colima Techno Park
1) Industrial Structure and Federal & State Plans for Industry
2) Human Resource Structure and Innovation Capacity
3) Development Direction of CLQ Techno Park
▶ Business Promotion Programs in Master Plan of Colima Techno Park
1) Promotion Strategies for Startups and Small & Medium-sized Enterprises
2) Inducement Strategies for Foreign Direct Investment to CLQ Techno Park
3) Public Policy for R&BD, HRD, Commercialization, and Innovation Project
▶ Regional Innovation Platform Program in Master Plan of Colima Techno Park
1) Governance System of CLQ Techno Park for Sustainable Development
2) Network Management for Industry-Academy-Government-Business Services
3) Self Learning Program for Regional Innovators
10

14. III. Early Stage of STP in Mexico
4. SWOT Analysis for Colima TP Development Strategies
Helpful to Colima TP Harmful to Colima TP
Internal
Sources
<Strengths> <Weaknesses>
- small size in population & land
- government leadership for innovation
- small number of graduate students
- major university: Colima University
- natural resources: mineral & natural gas - lack of high technology industries
- lack of experience for TP development
- agro products and business services
External
Sources
<Opportunities> <Threats>
- expansion of seaport and logistics - FDI attraction near the US borders
- tourism attraction from US and Canada - discontinuity of government policy
- more international interactions with Asia - financial crisis or economic slowdown
- federal government supporting policy - out-bounding migration to neighbors
11

15. III. Early Stage of STP in Mexico
5. Development Direction of Colima TP
12
(1)CLQ TP Development Model : Government & University Collaboration
(2) Incubator Development for Regional Innovators & Foreign Innovators
(3) Business Development in Agriculture, Energy & Mining, Logistics, and IT
(4) Foreign Direct Investment in High Tech Including IT, Mechanics and Energy
(1) SO Strategies: (3) WO Strategies:
- CLQ TP development by the government and univ. collaboration -Attracting graduate school students and researchers to CLQ TP
- Biz of CLQ TP: agro & natural resources by excellent logistics -Developing CLQ TP in Colima City for graduate schools
- New biz area of CLQ TP: logistic and tourism by IT business -Developing CLQ TP in Manzanillo for Americans & Canadians
- International business incubators for CLQ TP in resort areas -FDI and Techno Park business with Asian countries
(2) ST Strategies: (4) WT Strategies:
-Inducing FDI by CLQ TP with a strong government leadership -Developing high-tech in the business incubation center of CLQ TP
-Stopping Out migration by developing excellent biz incubators
-Financial supporting program by CLQ TP with profit biz model -Inviting high tech companies to CLQ T P
-Inviting int’l adviser for CLQ TP to learn how to develop TP
Development
Direction

16. III. Early Stage of STP in Mexico
6. Regional Innovators’ Learning Network
Business Leaders & Managers of Incubators State Leaders: Governor. Ministers & Rectors
13
Academic Leaders: Deans, Professors & Researchers 4 Working Groups: Industry-Academy-Research-Government

17. (Future Networks) Global Collaboration Model for Mexico-Korea-USA
MEXICO
Korean Companies in Mexico
(Hyundai, KIA, Samsung, LG)
Mexico State University
State of Chiwawa, Soreno
Federal Government of Mexico
KOREA
SCH University +
more
Korea Automobile
Industry Association
Korea
Semiconductors
Industry Association
Korea Display
Industry Association
Collaboration
Projects
14
USA
University of Texas
State Government of Texas
City Government of Dallas
Telecom Corridor
Training
Program
R&BD
Program
Business
Development

18. IV. Early Stage of STP in Vietnam
1. Can Tho City in Vietnam
15
Item Contents of Can Tho City
Location Center of Mekong Delta (160 km from Hochiminh)
Size 1,389 km2
Population 1.25 Million people (one of 4 Central Government Cities)
Mekong Delta 13 Provinces with 20 Million People
-More than 50% of the whole Vietnam Rice
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Manufacturing
-Annual Rice Production: 23 million Tons
-Exporting Rice: 7 million Tons (2nd in the World)
-The largest Catfish Production in the World
-Annual Catfish Production: 1.4 million Tons
-Total Annual Fish Production: 4.6 million Tons
-Small numbers in Rice Production Machineries
-Lack of Information Technology manufacturers
-Lack of Components & Parts Industries
Source: Hak-Min Kim eta al (2013)

19. 1562
Activities of Korean Research Group with Vietnam Leaders and Innovators

20. IV. Early Stage of STP in Vietnam
2. SWOT Analysis of Korea-Vietnam Incubator Park (KVIP)
Helpful to KVIP Harmful to KVIP
<Strengths> <Weaknesses>
17
- great rice production condition
- rich condition for aquaculture industry
- ample possibilities of industrial complex
- advantageous labor force
- new airport & transportation system
- lack of awareness on innovation
- lack of institutions for HRD
- lack of high technology industries
- lack of experience for TP development
<Opportunities>
- strong cooperation with Korea
- airport and highways for tourism
- more international trade and activities
- stable society
<Threats>
- most FDI in Hanoi/ Hochiminh Areas
- unstable financial market
- risk factors in international economy
- low quality of life for foreigners

21. IV. Early Stage of STP in Vietnam
3. Direction of Korea-Vietnam Incubator Park (KVIP)
Source: Hak-Min Kim eta al (2013)
18

22. IV. Early Stage of STP in Vietnam
4. Space Plan of KVIP
19
Source: Hak-Min Kim eta al (2013)

23. IV. Early Stage of STP in Vietnam
5. Current Status of KVIP
20

24. IV. Early Stage of STP in Vietnam
6. Innovation Networks of KVIP
<4 Working Groups> <Industry-University Groups>
<University & Research Groups> <City Mayor and Government Groups>
21

25. (Further Network) Korean Partenrs Collaboration with Vietnam 22
Can Tho Peoples’
Committee
Can Tho
Union of
Friendship
Can Tho
Chamber of
Commerce
CRIC
Chungnam Regional
Innovators Consortium
G-Valley in Seoul
Guro Digital
Industrial Complex
CEOs
Association

26. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
1. Key Questions for Sustainable Development of a Region
23
Local Community
How to create wealth of
region with quality jobs and
sustainable environment
Enterprises Government
How to enhance the market
competitiveness in order to
survive in the global market
How to keep the sustainable
economic growth in order to
obtain the public supports
Universities/Research Institutes
How to successfully conduct
HRD and R&BD for the
demand of Students &
Enterprises
Source: Hak-Min Kim (2015)
Sustainability
of
a Region

27. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
1-1 Role of Governments
24
Governments
Central
Government
Policy-Making
-Innovation(R&BD) Policy
- Start-up (SME) Policy
Financial Support
- R&BD Grants
- Private-Public Fund
Local
Governments
Program Support
- Local Industry Program
- Local Firm Promotion
Financial Support
- Matching Central Govt
- Local & Angel Fund
National Benefits
by Creating Jobs
and Increasing
Incomes via
National
Innovation System
Local Benefits by
Creating Jobs and
Increasing Incomes
via Regional
Innovation System

28. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
1-2 Role of Enterprises
25
Enterprises
Wealth
Creation
Production Innovation
for Current Market
R&BD Innovation
for Future Market
Social
Cooperation
Providing Jobs for
Young Generation
Social Responsibility
Programs for
Community
Sustainable
Growth
Of
Industry
Private-Public
Partnership

29. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
1-3 Role of Universities
26
University
R&BD
R&BD
- Collaboration R&BD
- Contracted R&BD
Technology Transfer
- Licensing for Royalty
- Trading for Investment
HRD
Manpower Supplying
- Enterprises Jobs
- R&D Related Jobs
Entrepreneurship
- Creating Enterprises
- Business Development
Benefits for
Professors &
Researchers in
Academy &
Business Areas
Benefits for
Students in
Recruiting
Jobs &
Creating
Business

30. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
1-4 Role of STP
27
STP
Enterprise
Growth
Serving Tenants
- Technology
- Marketing
Serving Graduates
-Marketing
-Networking
STP
Growth
STP Management
- Governance
-Financing
Facility Management
- Space
- Brand
Community
Wealth
Sustainability
of STP

31. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
2. Action Program for Regional Innovators Network
28
Regional Innovators Network Program (2003)
- Class of Network Building for Innovators:
First Program in Korea initiated by Hak-Min Kim
- 4 Months (16 Weeks) Program on Wednesday Evening:
Capacity Building/Case Study/Field Trip/Public Seminar
- Tuitions & Annual Membership Fee:
$1,000 for Class + $500 for Annual Fee

32. Capacity Building Program (2003 – present)
29
1st Class (2003) 2nd~6th Class(04-05) 7th ~15th Class(06-15)
Regional Innovators Network Program

33. Network Building with Other Regions
Field Trip and Bench Marking
30
Regional Innovators Network Program
Busan, 2004 Hampyong 2005 Beijing 2006

34. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
3. Manpower of Regional Innovation Network
Continuing Program from 2003 to Present
-15 Classes
for 12 Years
- Total Member:
450
-Legal
Foundation
Registered
-Still Growing
Network
Fields Sub Fields Persons Total
Industry Large
Medium
Small & Start-up
2
5
10
15
University Engineering
Management
Arts & Humanites
Social Sciences
1
1
1
25
Government Central
Local 3
25
Other
Professionals
Law/Finance & Banking
Media/Arts 3
25
31
Total 30

35. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
4. Development Process of RIP
32
Learning Together => Networking => Interaction=> Innovation=> Growing Together

36. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
4. Lessons from Regional Innovation Platform  Culture of Innovation
33
(1) Understanding:
Respect/Humbleness/Care
(2) Trust:
Sensitivity/Punctuality/Shared Responsibility
(3) Interaction :
Personal Relations/ Families /Company Workers
(4) Mutual Benefits:
Benefit-Sharing/ Smart Citizenship/
Social Responsibility

37. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
5. Chungnam Techno Park as Regional Innovation Platform
Governments
• Inducement & Arrangement
34
Grants for Innovation
Enhancing Innovation
for Funding, Information,
Policy, Cooperation
between Industry and
University
• Development of Regional
Industries
Development
Policy Support
Industry Growth
Funding Support of Regional Industries
Universities/
Research Institutions
• Supply of High Technology
Labors
• Creation/Innovation of New
Technology
Practical use
For
Technology
Transfer
Activity
STP
• Base for Innovative System
of Regional Technology,
• Linkage of Industries and
Universities, & Governments
for Regional Innovation
Practical use
For
Technology
Transfer
Activity
Enterprises
• Improvement of
Commercializatio n
• Utilization of New
Technology
Support Support
Technology Transfer by Joint Researches
Development Costs
Source: Hak-Min Kim (2004)

38. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
6. Creation of Knowledge & Transforming to Industries by Regional Innovation Platform
35
Government Supports
Engineering Universities/
Industries Downstream & ApplicationsResearch
Institutions
Creation
Anchor of Natural Creation of
Sciences
Creation of Innovative New
New Products & Knowledge &
Technology by Services HumanFostering of
Enterprises with Upstream & Social
by Sciences Knowledge-based
University Innovators by
Collaboration Regional Interdisciplinary
BusinessNetwork Manage Programs with
-ment
Services Industry
Collaboration
STP as Regional Innovation Platform

39. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
7. Performance of Chungnam Techno Park in the first 10 Years
Performance between
2010 and 2014
Year 2010 2014
No of
Enterprises
135
Firms
178
Firms
No of
Employees
1800
Persons
1900
Persons
Amounts of
Slaes
0.6
Billion
USD
1.2
Billion
USD
Source: Annual Report of Chungnam Techno Park, 2011
36

40. V. STP Operation by RIP: Lessons from Korean STP
8. Suggestions from Chungnam Techno Park for Emerging Countries
(1) The success factors of Chungnam Techno Park in the initial stage:
- Leadership of the professionals from local governments and universities
- Regional innovation platform by governments , universities and business
- Well designed master plan by dedicated professors and foreign expert
(2) Errors and Mistakes of Chungnam Techno Park and Korean Techno Parks
- Impatience with business performance of Techno Park in the early stage
- Inconsistency of STP policies by the new government in power
- Dependence on the central government without financial business model
=> Lack of capacity for self-reliance of Techno Parks even after 15 years
(3) Suggestions: Two Tracks for the Early Stage of STP Development in Emerging Countries
- Business incubation with innovation resources for long-term
- Foreign direct investment by government policy for short-term
40
37

41. STP is not about just technology,
it’s all about the PEOPLE, and
the network of innovators and
innovative ideas!!!
Thank You !!