The document discusses industrial wastewater, including its sources, characteristics, and pollution loads from different industries. It provides details on wastewater quantities and qualities from food, oil & gas, pulp & paper, and textile industries. Food industry wastewater can contain high levels of BOD, COD, TSS, nitrogen and phosphorus. Oil and gas wastewater often has elevated levels of chlorides, sulfates, metals and salts. Pulp and paper wastewater is noted for its color, organics, inorganics and chlorinated compounds. Textile wastewater poses issues with salts, detergents and organic acids. The lecture covers industrial wastewater types, properties, and environmental
This document outlines the characteristics and pollution loads of wastewater from various industries. It discusses the types and sources of industrial wastewater, as well as the typical pollutant levels found in wastewater from food, oil and gas, pulp and paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. It also covers problems associated with industrial wastewater pollution such as outdated technologies, lack of treatment, and inefficient treatment.
Industrial waste water pollution tmba 2013-04Vijay Kumar
Industrial wastewater from various sectors like chemicals, pharmaceuticals, tanneries, and mills pollutes water sources. It contains high levels of organic pollutants, heavy metals, and suspended solids. This pollution depletes oxygen in water, harming aquatic life and spreading disease. Industries are increasingly treating wastewater on-site before discharge or modifying processes to reduce pollution at its source. Controlling industrial water pollution involves regulations, specialized treatment systems, and reducing use and discharge of toxins.
Anaerobic treatment of industrail wastewaterNitin Yadav
This report summarizes a study on anaerobic processes for industrial wastewater treatment conducted by 4 students for their Master's degree. It provides an introduction to inorganic and organic industrial wastewater. The literature review covers sources of industrial wastewater and describes aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. It discusses the types of bacteria involved in the anaerobic process including fermentative, acetogenic, homoacetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. The report also examines factors affecting the anaerobic process and types of anaerobic reactors.
This document discusses various types of pollution including industrial pollution. It provides details on industrial pollutants such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and volatile organic compounds. It also discusses causes of industrial pollution from textile mills, pharmaceutical waste, and tannery waste. The document then summarizes several types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, oil, nuclear, thermal, and their effects. Prevention methods for different types of industrial pollution are also presented.
20CE501PE – INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.pptMohanumar S
The document discusses industrial waste management. It begins by defining industrial waste as materials rendered useless during manufacturing that are dumped without treatment, polluting the environment. Industrial waste is classified as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Characteristics and effects of industrial wastewater are described, including pollution from organic and inorganic pollutants. The document also examines the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics used to analyze wastewater quality.
The document discusses industrial waste water, specifically focusing on its sources and treatment. It describes how various industries like steel, food, and chemicals use water and generate waste water containing pollutants. It then discusses the need for effluent treatment plants to remove these pollutants before the water is discharged or reused. The document outlines national standards for waste water discharge and explains key parameters of these standards like color, BOD, COD, which are measures of organic contaminants in the water.
This document provides an overview of industrial waste and wastewater. It defines industrial waste as materials rendered useless during manufacturing that can pollute the environment if dumped without treatment. It categorizes industries and discusses the types, causes, and effects of industrial waste. The document also examines the characteristics and pollutants found in industrial wastewater, such as organic and inorganic components, and how treating wastewater removes harmful contaminants before discharge.
Undesirable waste water characteristics – Characteristics of industrial waste waters – Waste water characteristics – Estimating the organic content – Measuring the efficiency toxicity – In plant waste control and waste reuse – Storm water control.
This document outlines the characteristics and pollution loads of wastewater from various industries. It discusses the types and sources of industrial wastewater, as well as the typical pollutant levels found in wastewater from food, oil and gas, pulp and paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. It also covers problems associated with industrial wastewater pollution such as outdated technologies, lack of treatment, and inefficient treatment.
Industrial waste water pollution tmba 2013-04Vijay Kumar
Industrial wastewater from various sectors like chemicals, pharmaceuticals, tanneries, and mills pollutes water sources. It contains high levels of organic pollutants, heavy metals, and suspended solids. This pollution depletes oxygen in water, harming aquatic life and spreading disease. Industries are increasingly treating wastewater on-site before discharge or modifying processes to reduce pollution at its source. Controlling industrial water pollution involves regulations, specialized treatment systems, and reducing use and discharge of toxins.
Anaerobic treatment of industrail wastewaterNitin Yadav
This report summarizes a study on anaerobic processes for industrial wastewater treatment conducted by 4 students for their Master's degree. It provides an introduction to inorganic and organic industrial wastewater. The literature review covers sources of industrial wastewater and describes aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. It discusses the types of bacteria involved in the anaerobic process including fermentative, acetogenic, homoacetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. The report also examines factors affecting the anaerobic process and types of anaerobic reactors.
This document discusses various types of pollution including industrial pollution. It provides details on industrial pollutants such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and volatile organic compounds. It also discusses causes of industrial pollution from textile mills, pharmaceutical waste, and tannery waste. The document then summarizes several types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, oil, nuclear, thermal, and their effects. Prevention methods for different types of industrial pollution are also presented.
20CE501PE – INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.pptMohanumar S
The document discusses industrial waste management. It begins by defining industrial waste as materials rendered useless during manufacturing that are dumped without treatment, polluting the environment. Industrial waste is classified as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Characteristics and effects of industrial wastewater are described, including pollution from organic and inorganic pollutants. The document also examines the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics used to analyze wastewater quality.
The document discusses industrial waste water, specifically focusing on its sources and treatment. It describes how various industries like steel, food, and chemicals use water and generate waste water containing pollutants. It then discusses the need for effluent treatment plants to remove these pollutants before the water is discharged or reused. The document outlines national standards for waste water discharge and explains key parameters of these standards like color, BOD, COD, which are measures of organic contaminants in the water.
This document provides an overview of industrial waste and wastewater. It defines industrial waste as materials rendered useless during manufacturing that can pollute the environment if dumped without treatment. It categorizes industries and discusses the types, causes, and effects of industrial waste. The document also examines the characteristics and pollutants found in industrial wastewater, such as organic and inorganic components, and how treating wastewater removes harmful contaminants before discharge.
Undesirable waste water characteristics – Characteristics of industrial waste waters – Waste water characteristics – Estimating the organic content – Measuring the efficiency toxicity – In plant waste control and waste reuse – Storm water control.
Reducing environmental impacts of industrial effluentsJYOTI SAROJ
This document discusses reducing environmental impacts from industrial effluents. It begins by outlining how industrial waste contributes significantly to water pollution. It then defines industrial effluent and describes its major pollutants like dyes, heavy metals, and pesticides. The impacts of effluent on water bodies, soil, air, and ecosystems are examined. Various treatment methods for effluents are presented, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Specific treatment processes used for tannery effluent are outlined due to its toxic pollutants. The document concludes by describing fungal and bacterial degradation methods for treating industrial wastewater.
This document outlines the objectives, units, teaching scheme, and reference material for an elective course on industrial waste treatment. The key topics covered include sources and characterization of industrial wastewater, various in-plant waste reduction methods, water quality monitoring, stream classification, sludge disposal, treatment flow diagrams, major industry wastewater treatment, and water pollution control acts and standards. The course aims to provide a thorough understanding of industrial wastewater generation and basic knowledge of treatment options and legislation. Site visits to various industries are included in the term work.
1. Industrial wastewater is produced from various industrial processes and contains contaminants. The textile industry in particular produces large amounts of highly toxic wastewater.
2. Wastewater from industries like textiles contains physical contaminants like solids and chemicals like organic matter, BOD, and COD that must be treated before reuse or disposal.
3. Common wastewater treatment processes for industries include physical separation processes, chemical treatment like neutralization and flocculation, and biological processes like activated sludge and tertiary treatments like filtration and disinfection.
Emerging challenges and the possibilities for wastewater treatmentshamshad ahmad
The document discusses emerging challenges and opportunities in wastewater treatment. It outlines several key challenges facing wastewater treatment, including aging infrastructure, more complex contaminants, population growth straining systems, and additional sources of pollution. It then explores various treatment possibilities like physical, chemical, biological processes as well as integrated approaches involving wastewater reuse, energy production, and valuable byproducts. Newer approaches discussed include biogas production, biohydrogen production, and algal biofuels which offer opportunities for renewable energy and resource recovery from wastewater.
This document discusses the recycling of wastewater from sugar industries. It begins with an acknowledgement section thanking those who supported the project. The document then lists various sources of wastewater from sugar industries, including cleaning operations and periodic cleaning of equipment. It notes that untreated wastewater poses pollution problems. The document reviews the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of industrial wastewater and various treatment methods including primary, chemical, and biological treatments. The goal is to review new technologies for wastewater treatment.
This document discusses industrial water quality and quantity requirements. It begins by defining industrial wastewater and listing some key industries where it is produced, such as textiles, iron and steel, mines and quarries. It then outlines common uses of water in industries, such as for boiling, cooling, cleaning, sanitation and solvent purposes. Specific industries are also discussed in more detail, including textiles, iron and steel, mines and quarries. The document provides guidelines for quality criteria of water used in different industrial processes such as for boilers, cooling, in textiles plants, pulp and paper mills, chemical and petroleum industries. It lists maximum concentration levels of various constituents in raw waters for these industrial applications.
The document summarizes an experimental study that compared the methane generation potential from brewery wastewater and domestic wastewater using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The study involved setting up two experimental systems - one with brewery wastewater and one with domestic wastewater. Various parameters like COD, pH, methane production were monitored over a 15 day period. The results showed that the brewery wastewater had higher COD removal efficiency and methane production compared to the domestic wastewater. The study provides useful insights into evaluating the energy recovery potential from different wastewater sources using anaerobic digestion.
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment and management. It provides an overview of equalization, which is a method used to retain wastewater in basins so that the effluent discharged is uniform in characteristics like pH, turbidity, BOD, etc. This helps improve sedimentation efficiency, increase biological process efficiency by minimizing shock loads, and allows for automated control of treatment operations. Equalization basins are sometimes aerated to provide better mixing, chemical oxidation, some biological oxidation, and prevent solids settling. The capacity and detention period of equalization tanks needs to be sufficient to homogenize the wastewater flows.
India faces severe water shortages, with demand for fresh water expected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030, negatively impacting industries that require water. Many industries discharge untreated wastewater containing heavy metals and other pollutants into water sources. Implementing wastewater recycling and zero liquid discharge systems using various treatment methods can help close this demand-supply gap, save resources, and generate additional water supplies for reuse.
The main focus within environmental analysis is the subject of water. Our instruments are used to carry out routine analysis of organic impurities in the water industry. Learn about our solutions for water analysis.
This document discusses welding solutions for the chemical industry from voestalpine Böhler Welding. It provides an overview of their expertise in welding applications for the chemical industry, lists their global industry segment manager as a point of contact, and promotes their three specialized brands for catering to customer needs. The company focuses on filler metals and technical consultation for industrial welding and possesses deep technical understanding of industry applications and processes.
The document discusses industrial wastewater treatment at an oil refinery. It provides an overview of the oil refining process and the various units involved. Significant waste is produced, including hazardous materials in wastewater. Refinery wastewater treatment typically involves oil removal through API separation and dissolved air flotation, followed by equalization and biological treatment using activated sludge. Additional steps like nitrification and denitrification may be used to meet strict nitrogen limits. Proper wastewater treatment is important to meet environmental standards and protect public health from potential health hazards of untreated effluent.
Industrial wastewaters have highly variable compositions depending on the industry and materials processed. They can contain high levels of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. Unlike domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters may have pH levels outside the normal range of 6-9 and contain high concentrations of dissolved metal salts. The flow patterns of industrial wastewaters differ from domestic sewage in that they are influenced by the operations within a factory rather than daily living activities. Factors like shift work and batch manufacturing can cause wastewater characteristics to vary over time. Industrial wastewaters require consideration of parameters like biodegradability, strength, volumes, variations, and special characteristics that could impact treatment plant operations.
Treatment of industrial waste water biological remediation of cyanidesArvind Kumar
This document discusses the treatment of industrial waste water containing cyanides through biological remediation. It provides background information on cyanides, their classification, toxicity, sources in industrial waste streams, and standards for cyanide levels in water. It then summarizes two treatment methods studied - adsorption of cyanides onto activated carbon and their biodegradation by microorganisms. The pathways and various microbes capable of biodegrading cyanides through specific enzymatic reactions are also outlined.
This document discusses novel technologies for industrial wastewater treatment. It begins with contact information for the author and book details. The objectives of wastewater treatment are then outlined. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to industrial wastewater treatment, describing key contaminants, characteristics of industrial wastewater including physical, chemical, and biological properties, and typical wastewater composition standards. Main treatment technologies and sludge treatment/disposal are also briefly discussed.
This document outlines the topics and assessment schedule for a course on advanced sanitary engineering. The key topics covered include the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of wastewater, fundamentals of biological wastewater treatment, suspended growth treatment systems, and attached growth biological treatment systems. Student performance will be evaluated based on quizzes, a midterm exam, and a final exam.
Unit 2 Chemical Technology 1.pdf coal and chicialWatchDogs6
This document contains a syllabus and lecture notes on various topics related to petrochemicals:
- The syllabus lists manufacturing processes for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and other compounds.
- The introductory sections provide an overview of petrochemicals, defining them as chemicals derived from petroleum or natural gas. They note that petrochemicals make up important products like plastics, polymers, and fibers.
- The lecture notes go on to discuss specific petrochemical compounds in more detail, including their properties, production methods, uses, and the industry in countries like India. Key petrochemical feedstocks and processes are also explained.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Reducing environmental impacts of industrial effluentsJYOTI SAROJ
This document discusses reducing environmental impacts from industrial effluents. It begins by outlining how industrial waste contributes significantly to water pollution. It then defines industrial effluent and describes its major pollutants like dyes, heavy metals, and pesticides. The impacts of effluent on water bodies, soil, air, and ecosystems are examined. Various treatment methods for effluents are presented, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Specific treatment processes used for tannery effluent are outlined due to its toxic pollutants. The document concludes by describing fungal and bacterial degradation methods for treating industrial wastewater.
This document outlines the objectives, units, teaching scheme, and reference material for an elective course on industrial waste treatment. The key topics covered include sources and characterization of industrial wastewater, various in-plant waste reduction methods, water quality monitoring, stream classification, sludge disposal, treatment flow diagrams, major industry wastewater treatment, and water pollution control acts and standards. The course aims to provide a thorough understanding of industrial wastewater generation and basic knowledge of treatment options and legislation. Site visits to various industries are included in the term work.
1. Industrial wastewater is produced from various industrial processes and contains contaminants. The textile industry in particular produces large amounts of highly toxic wastewater.
2. Wastewater from industries like textiles contains physical contaminants like solids and chemicals like organic matter, BOD, and COD that must be treated before reuse or disposal.
3. Common wastewater treatment processes for industries include physical separation processes, chemical treatment like neutralization and flocculation, and biological processes like activated sludge and tertiary treatments like filtration and disinfection.
Emerging challenges and the possibilities for wastewater treatmentshamshad ahmad
The document discusses emerging challenges and opportunities in wastewater treatment. It outlines several key challenges facing wastewater treatment, including aging infrastructure, more complex contaminants, population growth straining systems, and additional sources of pollution. It then explores various treatment possibilities like physical, chemical, biological processes as well as integrated approaches involving wastewater reuse, energy production, and valuable byproducts. Newer approaches discussed include biogas production, biohydrogen production, and algal biofuels which offer opportunities for renewable energy and resource recovery from wastewater.
This document discusses the recycling of wastewater from sugar industries. It begins with an acknowledgement section thanking those who supported the project. The document then lists various sources of wastewater from sugar industries, including cleaning operations and periodic cleaning of equipment. It notes that untreated wastewater poses pollution problems. The document reviews the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of industrial wastewater and various treatment methods including primary, chemical, and biological treatments. The goal is to review new technologies for wastewater treatment.
This document discusses industrial water quality and quantity requirements. It begins by defining industrial wastewater and listing some key industries where it is produced, such as textiles, iron and steel, mines and quarries. It then outlines common uses of water in industries, such as for boiling, cooling, cleaning, sanitation and solvent purposes. Specific industries are also discussed in more detail, including textiles, iron and steel, mines and quarries. The document provides guidelines for quality criteria of water used in different industrial processes such as for boilers, cooling, in textiles plants, pulp and paper mills, chemical and petroleum industries. It lists maximum concentration levels of various constituents in raw waters for these industrial applications.
The document summarizes an experimental study that compared the methane generation potential from brewery wastewater and domestic wastewater using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The study involved setting up two experimental systems - one with brewery wastewater and one with domestic wastewater. Various parameters like COD, pH, methane production were monitored over a 15 day period. The results showed that the brewery wastewater had higher COD removal efficiency and methane production compared to the domestic wastewater. The study provides useful insights into evaluating the energy recovery potential from different wastewater sources using anaerobic digestion.
This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment and management. It provides an overview of equalization, which is a method used to retain wastewater in basins so that the effluent discharged is uniform in characteristics like pH, turbidity, BOD, etc. This helps improve sedimentation efficiency, increase biological process efficiency by minimizing shock loads, and allows for automated control of treatment operations. Equalization basins are sometimes aerated to provide better mixing, chemical oxidation, some biological oxidation, and prevent solids settling. The capacity and detention period of equalization tanks needs to be sufficient to homogenize the wastewater flows.
India faces severe water shortages, with demand for fresh water expected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030, negatively impacting industries that require water. Many industries discharge untreated wastewater containing heavy metals and other pollutants into water sources. Implementing wastewater recycling and zero liquid discharge systems using various treatment methods can help close this demand-supply gap, save resources, and generate additional water supplies for reuse.
The main focus within environmental analysis is the subject of water. Our instruments are used to carry out routine analysis of organic impurities in the water industry. Learn about our solutions for water analysis.
This document discusses welding solutions for the chemical industry from voestalpine Böhler Welding. It provides an overview of their expertise in welding applications for the chemical industry, lists their global industry segment manager as a point of contact, and promotes their three specialized brands for catering to customer needs. The company focuses on filler metals and technical consultation for industrial welding and possesses deep technical understanding of industry applications and processes.
The document discusses industrial wastewater treatment at an oil refinery. It provides an overview of the oil refining process and the various units involved. Significant waste is produced, including hazardous materials in wastewater. Refinery wastewater treatment typically involves oil removal through API separation and dissolved air flotation, followed by equalization and biological treatment using activated sludge. Additional steps like nitrification and denitrification may be used to meet strict nitrogen limits. Proper wastewater treatment is important to meet environmental standards and protect public health from potential health hazards of untreated effluent.
Industrial wastewaters have highly variable compositions depending on the industry and materials processed. They can contain high levels of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. Unlike domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters may have pH levels outside the normal range of 6-9 and contain high concentrations of dissolved metal salts. The flow patterns of industrial wastewaters differ from domestic sewage in that they are influenced by the operations within a factory rather than daily living activities. Factors like shift work and batch manufacturing can cause wastewater characteristics to vary over time. Industrial wastewaters require consideration of parameters like biodegradability, strength, volumes, variations, and special characteristics that could impact treatment plant operations.
Treatment of industrial waste water biological remediation of cyanidesArvind Kumar
This document discusses the treatment of industrial waste water containing cyanides through biological remediation. It provides background information on cyanides, their classification, toxicity, sources in industrial waste streams, and standards for cyanide levels in water. It then summarizes two treatment methods studied - adsorption of cyanides onto activated carbon and their biodegradation by microorganisms. The pathways and various microbes capable of biodegrading cyanides through specific enzymatic reactions are also outlined.
This document discusses novel technologies for industrial wastewater treatment. It begins with contact information for the author and book details. The objectives of wastewater treatment are then outlined. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to industrial wastewater treatment, describing key contaminants, characteristics of industrial wastewater including physical, chemical, and biological properties, and typical wastewater composition standards. Main treatment technologies and sludge treatment/disposal are also briefly discussed.
This document outlines the topics and assessment schedule for a course on advanced sanitary engineering. The key topics covered include the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of wastewater, fundamentals of biological wastewater treatment, suspended growth treatment systems, and attached growth biological treatment systems. Student performance will be evaluated based on quizzes, a midterm exam, and a final exam.
Unit 2 Chemical Technology 1.pdf coal and chicialWatchDogs6
This document contains a syllabus and lecture notes on various topics related to petrochemicals:
- The syllabus lists manufacturing processes for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and other compounds.
- The introductory sections provide an overview of petrochemicals, defining them as chemicals derived from petroleum or natural gas. They note that petrochemicals make up important products like plastics, polymers, and fibers.
- The lecture notes go on to discuss specific petrochemical compounds in more detail, including their properties, production methods, uses, and the industry in countries like India. Key petrochemical feedstocks and processes are also explained.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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2. 2
Industrial wastewater
Learning targets
Understanding of water quantities and qualities of
different industries
Understanding of wastewater quantities and qualities
of different industries
Environmental, health and legal issues related to
industrial water and wastewater
6. 6
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Water usage in industry
• Share of water consumed in different industry (%)
0.7 0.1 0.6 1.9 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.1
94.6
0.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
Bulgaria
7. 7
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Water usage in industry
• Share of water consumed in different industry (%)
2.9 0.5 0.6 7.7 0 0 0.9 0
87.3
0.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Lithuania
9. 9
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Water usage in industry
• Share of water consumed in different industry (%)
10.4
1.5
31.4
24.5
15.5
1.6
12.8
0 0.4 2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Slovenia
10. 10
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Water usage in industry
• Share of water consumed in different industry (%)
0.6 0 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.3 0
97.1
0.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Serbia
11. 11
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Water usage in
industry
Water consumption
of per ton product in
water-intensive
industry
(300 m3/ton)
(15 m3/ton)
(40 m3/ton)
(10~300 m3/ton)
(270m3/ton)
(20~60 m3/ton )
(1000 m3/ton)
(0.6~20 m3/ton )
12. 12
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Characteristics of wastewater
Physical characteristics
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
• Indicates the salt content
Total solids (TS)
• Mass remain after evaporation at 103-105℃
13. 13
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Characteristics of wastewater
• Physical characteristics
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
• Comprise inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter
dissolved in water
Suspended solids (SS)
• Comprises solid particles suspended (but not dissolved)in water
14. 14
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Characteristics of wastewater
• Chemical characteristics
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
• Indicates the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to
decompose the organic matter in a sample of water in a defined time
period.
15. 15
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Characteristics of wastewater
• Chemical characteristics
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
• Indicates the oxygen equivalent of the organic matter content of a
sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant.
16. 16
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Characteristics of wastewater
• Chemical characteristics
Total Organic Compound (TOC)
NH4-N and NO3-N
• Show dissolved nitrogen.
Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen
• A measurement of organically-bound ammonia nitrogen.
Total-P
• Reflects the amount of all forms of phosphorous in a sample.
17. 17
Industrial wastewater
Introduction
Characteristics of Industrial wastewater
Vary from industry to industry, vary from process to process.
Have too high quality of suspended solids, dissolved
organics and inorganic solids, BOD, alkalinity or acidity
Cannot always be treated easily by the normal method of
treating domestic wastewater
19. 19
Industrial wastewater
Types of industrial wastewater
Inorganic industrial wastewater
Is produced mainly in the coal and steel industry, in the
nonmetallic minerals industry, and in commercial enterprises
and industries for the surface processing of metals.
Contain a large proportion of suspended matter, which can
be eliminated by sedimentation.
20. 20
Industrial wastewater
Types of industrial wastewater
Organic industrial wastewater
Is produced mainly in chemical industries and large-scale
chemical works, which mainly use organic substances for
chemical reactions.
Contain organic substances having various origins and
properties.
Can only be removed by special pretreatment of the
wastewater, followed by biological treatment.
21. 21
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical industries
Important pollutants in industrial wastewater
• Suspended solids
Lead to the development of sludge deposits and anaerobic
conditions.
• Organic Substances
Deplete DO of stream and impose great load on secondary
treatment unit.
22. 22
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical industries
Important pollutants in industrial wastewater
• Inorganic substances
Cause eutrophication of water bodies, increase dissolved solids
content and be harmful to aquatic life.
• Acids and alkalies
Affect the aquatic life of receiving water body and cause serious
problem in operation of treatment units.
23. 23
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical industries
Important pollutants in industrial wastewater
• Toxic Substances
Cause problems in the biological treatments.
• Color producing substances
Impart objectionable color in the receiving water bodies
• Oils
Hinder self purification and cause problem in oxygen diffusion
24. 24
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Water Pollutants in the Industrial Sector
Sector Pollutants
Iron and steel BOD, COD, oil, metals, acids, phenols, and cyanide
Textiles and leather BOD, solids, sulfates and chromium
Pulp and paper BOD, COD, solids, Chlorinated organic compounds
Petrochemicals and refineries BOD, COD, oils, , phenols, and chromium
Chemicals COD, organic chemicals, heavy metals, SS, and cyanide
Non-ferrous metals Fluorine and SS
Microelectronics COD, and organic chemicals
Mining SS, metals, acids and salts
25. 25
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Food industry
• Freshwater consumption in beverage and food industries.
(Bustillo-Lecompte, C.F.2015.)
Food industry Water consumption (%)
Meat processing 24
Beverages 13
Dairy 12
Fruits and vegetables 10
Bakery and tortilla products 9
Grain and oilseeds 9
26. 26
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Food industry
• Freshwater consumption in beverage and food industries.
Food industry Water consumption (%)
Sugar and confectionary 5
Animal food 5
Seafood 2
Other food 11
(Bustillo-Lecompte, C.F. 2015.)
27. 27
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Food industry
• Typical pollution loads of slaughterhouse wastewater
Parameter pH BOD
mg·L-1
COD
mg·L-1
TN
mg·L-1
TSS
mg·L-1
TP
mg·L-1
Range 4.9-8.1 150-4635 500-15900 50-841 270-6400 25-200
Mean 6.95 1209 4221 427 1164 50
(Bustillo-Lecompte, C.F.2015.)
28. 28
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Food industry
• Typical pollution loads of diary industry wastewater
Wastewater
source
pH COD
mg·L-1
BOD
mg·L-1
TSS
mg·L-1
Total N
mg·L-1
Total P
mg·L-1
Creamery 8-11 2000-6000 1200-4000 350-1000 50-60 --
Mixed dairy 3.35-11 1150-63100 -- 304-12500 14-272 8-68
Cheese whey -- 61000-68814𝑎 -- 1780a 980-1462a 379-510a
Cheese 4.7-9.5 1000-7500 588-500 500-2500 830a 280a
Fluid Milk 5.0-9.5 950-2400 500-1300 90-450 -- --
Milk
powder/butter
5.8 2.0𝑎 -- -- -- --
(Demirel, B.,2005 .)
aMean concentrations
29. 29
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Food industry
• Typical pollution loads of brewery wastewater
pH COD
mg·L-1
BOD
mg·L-1
TSS
mg·L-1
Total N
mg·L-1
Total P
mg·L-1
4.5-12 2000-6000 1200-3600 200-1000 25-80 10-50
(Jaiyeola, A.T.2016 .)
30. 30
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Oil industry
• Typical pollution loads of oil/gas field wastewater
Wastewater
source
pH COD
mg·L-1
TSS
mg·L-1
Total
oil
mg·L-1
Chloride
mg·L-1
Sulfate
mg·L-1
Calcium
mg·L-1
Magnesium
mg·L-1
Oil field 4-10 0-1200 1-
1000
2-565 80-
2000000
2-1650 13–
25,800
8–6000
Gas field 3-7 2600-
120000
8-
5484
-- 1400-
190000
<0.1-47 <51300 0.9–4300
(Munirasu, S.2016.)
31. 31
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Oil industry
• Typical pollution loads of oil/gas field wastewater
Wastewater
source
Iron
mg·L-1
Aluminum
mg·L-1
Boron
mg·L-1
Barium
mg·L-1
Lithium
mg·L-1
Lead
mg·L-1
Arsenic
mg·L-1
Mercury
mg·L-1
Oil field <0.1–
100
310–410 5-95 1.3–
650
3–50 0.002
–8.8
<0 <0.002
Gas field <1100 <0.5–83 <56 <1–
1740
18.6–
235
<0.2–
10
<151 --
(Munirasu, S.,2016 .)
32. 32
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Oil industry
• Typical pollution loads of oil/gas field wastewater
Wastewater
source
Cadmium
mg·L-1
Chromium
mg·L-1
Copper
mg·L-1
Manganese
mg·L-1
Strontium
mg·L-1
Zinc
mg·L-1
Oil field <0.005–0 0.02–1. <0.002–
105
<0.004–175 0.02–1000 0.01–35
Gas field <0.02–1.2 <0.03 <5 <63 <6200 <0.02–5
(Munirasu, S.,2016 .)
33. 33
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Oil industry
• Typical pollution loads of oil refinery wastewater
Wastewater
source
COD
mg·L-1
SS
mg·L-1
Phenols
mg·L-1
Benzene
mg·L-1
Sulphides
mg·L-1
Ammonia
mg·L-1
Desalter 400–1000 <500 10-100 5-15 <100 <100
Sour water 600–1200 <10 <200 0 <10 <100
Tank bottom 400–1000 <500 -- -- <100 --
Cooling tower <150 <200 -- -- -- --
(Munirasu, S.,2016.)
34. 34
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Pulp and paper (P&P) industry
• Major pollutants released from P&P making process
(Kamali, M.2014 .)
Processes
Raw material preparation Suspended solids including bark particles, fiber pigments, dirt,
grit, BOD, and COD.
Pulping Color, bark particles, soluble wood materials, resin acids, fatty
acids, AOX, VOCs, BOD, COD, and dissolved inorganics.
Bleaching Dissolved lignin, color, COD, carbohydrate, inorganic chlorines,
AOX, EOX, VOCs, chlorophenols, and halogenated
hydrocarbons.
Paper-making Particulate wastes, organic and inorganic compounds, COD,
and BOD.
35. 35
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Pulp and paper industry
• Typical pollution loads of pulp and paper industry wastewater
Unit operations pH COD
mg·L-1
BOD5
mg·L-1
TSS
mg·L-1
Wood yard and chipping 7 1275 556 7150
Thermo-mechanical pulping 4.0–4.2 3343–4250 _ 330-510
Chemical thermo-mechanical pulping 7.43 7521 3000 350
Kraft cooking section 13.5 1669.7 460 40
Pulping process operations 5.5 9065 2440 1309
(Kamali, M.2014 .)
36. 36
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Pulp and paper industry
• Typical pollution loads of pulp and paper industry wastewater
Unit operations pH COD
mg·L-1
BOD5
mg·L-1
TSS
mg·L-1
Paper machine 6.5 1116 64 645
Integrated pulp and paper mill 6.5 3791 1197 1241
Recycled paper mill 6.2–7.8 3380–4930 1650–2565 1900-3138
(Kamali, M. 2014.)
37. 37
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Textile wastewater
The textile industry's main concern is the quantity of effluent
generated and the high chemical load it contains. The most
significant environmental impacts are caused by: salts,
detergents and organic acids.
38. 38
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Textile wastewater
Major pollutants
involved at various
stages of a textile
manufacturing
(Sarayu, K. 2012and .)
Yarn waste , used
Starch-based
sizes
Enzymes , starch ,
Waxes , ammonia
Sizing
Disinfectants an
Insecticides
residues ,
NaOH ,
surfactants ,
soaps
H2O2 , AOX ,
NaOCl ,organics
High BOD , medium COD
BOD(34-50% of total),
high COD , temp.(70-
80℃)
Oily fats , BOD(30% of
total), high pH ,
temp.( 70-80℃)
dark colour .
High pH , TDS
Desizing
Scouring
Bleaching
Constituents Process Wastewater characteristics
39. 39
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Textile wastewater
Major pollutants
involved at various
stages of a textile
manufacturing
(Sarayu, K. 2012and .)
Urea , solvents ,
colour , mentals
High BOD ,high pH
suspended solids
NaOH
Chlorinated
compounds,
resins,spent
solvents ,
softeners , waxes ,
acetate
Colour , metals ,
sulphide , salts ,
acidity/alkalinity ,
formaldehyde
Finishing
Mercerization
Printing
High toxicity , BOD(6% of
total), high dissolved
solids , high pH
High toxicity , high COD .
high BOD , high dissolved
solids , high pH ,strong
colour
Low alkalinity . low
BOD , high toxicity
Dyeing
Process
Constituents Wastewater characteristics
41. 41
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Pharmaceutical Industry
• Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes
Chemical Synthesis Process
Organic Solvents
or Water
Cooling
water in
Solvent
Vapors
Water
Scrubber Wastewater
Wastewater
Reaction
Vessel
Evaporator
Solvent
Purification Evaporation
Active
Ingredient
(API)
To
Compounding
&
Formulation
Cooling
water out
Sludge Solvent
Recovery
Chemicals
42. 42
Industrial wastewater
Pollution loads and quantities from typical
industries
Pharmaceutical Industry
• Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Processes
Fermentation Process
A biochemical process involving the use of Baker’s yeast, lactic
acid bacillus, bacillus sp., and various other microorganisms to
produce a chemical product.
44. 44
Industrial wastewater
Problems associated with various industrial
wastewater
Industrial wastewater pollution
• Use of outdated technologies
Some industries still rely on old technologies to produce products
that generate large amount of wastewater.
• Presence of large number of small scale industries
Many small scale industries and factories often escape environment
regulations and discharge wastewater without inefficacy.
45. 45
Industrial wastewater
Problems associated with various industrial
wastewater
Industrial wastewater pollution
• Unplanned industrial growth
In most industrial townships, unplanned growth took place wherein
those companies do not provide proper waste disposal sites and
disregard for pollution control rules and norms, which lead to water
pollution.
46. 46
Industrial wastewater
Problems associated with various industrial
wastewater
Industrial wastewater pollution
• Lack of strict policies
Lack of effective policies and poor enforcement drive, resulted in
mass scale pollution that affected lives of many people.
• Inefficiency wastewater treatment
Not treated adequately before discharging it into rivers or lakes.
47. 47
Industrial wastewater
Problems associated with various industrial
wastewater
Difficulty to treat industrial wastewater
• Vary characteristics
Characteristics of industrial wastewater highly varied from different
process. And the pollutants is complex.
• Poor management
• Lack of investment
Some enterprises do not invest enough to maintain the long-term
stable operation.
48. 48
Industrial wastewater
Problems associated with various industrial
wastewater
Design of industrial wastewater treatment processes
• Developing the most suitable treatment processes.
• The water allocation in order to minimize the treatment cost
• Optimization of the wastewater treatment by enough
experimental data and evaluation of the performance of the
wastewater treatment units.
49. 49
Industrial wastewater
Questions
What is the industrial wastewater?
What are the types of industrial wastewater?
What are the problems associated with various
industrial wastewater?
50. 50
Industrial wastewater
Reference
Bustillo-Lecompte, C.F. and Mehrvar, M., 201Slaughterhouse wastewater characteristics,
treatment, and management in the meat processing industry: A review on trends and
advances. Journal of environmental management, 161, pp.287-302
Demirel, B., Yenigun, O. and Onay, T.T., 200Anaerobic treatment of dairy wastewaters: a review.
Process Biochemistry, 40(8), pp.2583-2595
Jaiyeola, A.T. and Bwapwa, J.K., 2016. Treatment technology for brewery wastewater in a
water-scarce country: A review. South African Journal of Science, 112(3-4), pp.1-8
Munirasu, S., Haija, M.A. and Banat, F., 2016. Use of membrane technology for oil field and
refinery produced water treatment—A review. Process Safety and Environmental Protection,
100, pp.183-202
Kamali, M. and Khodaparast, Z., 201Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill
wastewater treatment. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 114, pp.326-342
Sarayu, K. and Sandhya, S., 201Current technologies for biological treatment of textile
wastewater–a review. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 167(3), pp.645-661
Stormwater Runoff
Water from streets, open yard etc after a rainfall event.
Domestic wastewater
Wastewater from residences (homes), business buildings (e.g. hotels) and institutions (e.g. university).
Industrial wastewater
Wastewater from any manufacturing, processing, institutional, commercial, or agricultural operation, or any operation.