This Presentation will Clear the idea of non linear Data Structure and implementation of Tree by using array and pointer and also Explain the concept of Binary Search Tree (BST) with example
This Presentation will Clear the idea of non linear Data Structure and implementation of Tree by using array and pointer and also Explain the concept of Binary Search Tree (BST) with example
Common Use of Tree as a Data Structure
ADVANCE
1. Nodes
2. Parent Nodes & Child Nodes
3. Leaf Nodes
4. Root Node
5. Sub Tree
6. Level of a tree:
7. m-ary Tree
8. Binary Tree (BT)
9. Complete and Full Binary Tree
10. Traversal
11. Binary Search Tree (BST)
12. Inorder Traversal – Left_ParentNode_Right
13. Postorder Traversal – Left_Right_ParentNode
14. Preorder Traversal – ParentNode_Left_Right
15. Binary Search Tree (BST)
16. BST - Insert, Delete
Common Use of Tree as a Data Structure
INTERMEDIATE
1. Nodes
2. Parent Nodes & Child Nodes
3. Leaf Nodes
4. Root Node
5. Sub Tree
6. Level of a tree:
7. m-ary Tree
8. Binary Tree (BT)
9. Complete and Full Binary Tree
10. Traversal
11. Binary Search Tree (BST)
12. BST - Insert, Delete
In computer science, a tree is a widely used abstract data type (ADT)—or data structure implementing this ADT—that simulates a hierarchical tree structure, with a root value and subtrees of children with a parent node, represented as a set of linked nodes.
a. Concept and Definition
b. Binary Tree
c. Introduction and application
d. Operation
e. Types of Binary Tree
• Complete
• Strictly
• Almost Complete
f. Huffman algorithm
g. Binary Search Tree
• Insertion
• Deletion
• Searching
h. Tree Traversal
• Pre-order traversal
• In-order traversal
• Post-order traversal
Slides at myblog
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/2016/07/tree-slide-for-data-structure-and-algorithm/
Assignments at github
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm/tree/dev/Assignments/assignment_7
Slides cover definition of tree data structure with examples, related terminologies, accessors methods, query methods, generic methods, traversal algorithms (preorder, postorder, inorder) traversal, Binary tree, Binary tree implementation using linked list and array, Binary search
A tree is a nonlinear data structure, compared to arrays, linked lists, stacks and queues which are linear data structures. A tree can be empty with no nodes or a tree is a structure consisting of one node called the root and zero or one or more sub-trees.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
Common Use of Tree as a Data Structure
ADVANCE
1. Nodes
2. Parent Nodes & Child Nodes
3. Leaf Nodes
4. Root Node
5. Sub Tree
6. Level of a tree:
7. m-ary Tree
8. Binary Tree (BT)
9. Complete and Full Binary Tree
10. Traversal
11. Binary Search Tree (BST)
12. Inorder Traversal – Left_ParentNode_Right
13. Postorder Traversal – Left_Right_ParentNode
14. Preorder Traversal – ParentNode_Left_Right
15. Binary Search Tree (BST)
16. BST - Insert, Delete
Common Use of Tree as a Data Structure
INTERMEDIATE
1. Nodes
2. Parent Nodes & Child Nodes
3. Leaf Nodes
4. Root Node
5. Sub Tree
6. Level of a tree:
7. m-ary Tree
8. Binary Tree (BT)
9. Complete and Full Binary Tree
10. Traversal
11. Binary Search Tree (BST)
12. BST - Insert, Delete
In computer science, a tree is a widely used abstract data type (ADT)—or data structure implementing this ADT—that simulates a hierarchical tree structure, with a root value and subtrees of children with a parent node, represented as a set of linked nodes.
a. Concept and Definition
b. Binary Tree
c. Introduction and application
d. Operation
e. Types of Binary Tree
• Complete
• Strictly
• Almost Complete
f. Huffman algorithm
g. Binary Search Tree
• Insertion
• Deletion
• Searching
h. Tree Traversal
• Pre-order traversal
• In-order traversal
• Post-order traversal
Slides at myblog
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/2016/07/tree-slide-for-data-structure-and-algorithm/
Assignments at github
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm/tree/dev/Assignments/assignment_7
Slides cover definition of tree data structure with examples, related terminologies, accessors methods, query methods, generic methods, traversal algorithms (preorder, postorder, inorder) traversal, Binary tree, Binary tree implementation using linked list and array, Binary search
A tree is a nonlinear data structure, compared to arrays, linked lists, stacks and queues which are linear data structures. A tree can be empty with no nodes or a tree is a structure consisting of one node called the root and zero or one or more sub-trees.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
-----> behance.net/burhanahmed1
Thank-you !
Tree and Binary search tree in data structure.
The complete explanation of working of trees and Binary Search Tree is given. It is discussed such a way that everyone can easily understand it. Trees have great role in the data structures.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
2. BINARY TREES
A binary tree is a data structure which is defined as a collection of
elements called nodes. Every node contains a "left" pointer, a "right"
pointer, and a data element. Every binary tree has a root element pointed
by a "root" pointer. The root element is the topmost node in the tree. If
root = NULL, then it means the tree is empty.
If the root node R is not NULL, then the two trees T1 and T2 are called
the left and right subtrees of R. if T1 is non-empty, then T1 is said to be
the left successor of R. likewise, if T2 is non-empty then, it is called the
right successor of R.
8
1
32
4
5 6 7
1
2
1
0
1
1
ROOT NODE
T2T1
9
In a binary tree every node has 0, 1 or at the
most 2 successors. A node that has no
successors or 0 successors is called the leaf
node or the terminal node.
3. KEY TERMS
Sibling: If N is any node in T that has left successor S1 and right successor
S2, then N is called the parent of S1 and S2. Correspondingly, S1 and S2
are called the left child and the right child of N. Also, S1 and S2 are said to
be siblings. Every node other than the root node has a parent. In other
words, all nodes that are at the same level and share the same parent are
called siblings (brothers).
Level number: Every node in the binary tree is assigned a level number.
The root node is defined to be at level 0. The left and right child of the root
node has a level number 1. Similarly, every node is at one level higher than
its parents. So all child nodes are defined to have level number as parent’s
level number + 1.
Degree: Degree of a node is equal to the number of children that a node
has. The degree of a leaf node is zero.
In-degree of a node is the number of edges arriving at that node. The root
node is the only node that has an in-degree equal to zero. Similarly,
Out-degree of a node is the number of edges leaving that node.
Leaf node: A leaf node has no children.
4. KEY TERMS contd.
Similar binary trees: Given two binary trees T and T’ are said to be similar if both
of these trees have the same structure.
A
CB
D
E
F
HG
I
J
TREE T’
TREE T”
Copies of binary trees: Two binary trees T and T’ are said to be copies if they have
similar structure and same contents at the corresponding nodes.
A
CB
D E
A
CB
D
E
TREE T’
TREE T”
5. KEY TERMS contd.
Directed edge: Line drawn from a node N to any of its successor is called a
directed edge. A binary tree of n nodes have exactly n – 1 edges (because, every
node except the root node is connected to its parent via an edge).
Path: A sequence of consecutive edges is called a path.
Depth: The depth of a node N is given as the length of the path from the root R to
the node N. The depth of the root node is zero. The height/depth of a tree is
defined as the length of the path from the root node to the deepest node in the
tree.
A tree with only a root node has a height of zero. A binary tree of height h, has at
least h nodes and at most 2h – 1
nodes. This is because every level will have at least
one node and can have at most 2 nodes. So, if every level has two nodes then a
tree with height h will have at the most 2h – 1
nodes as at level 0, there is only one
element called the root. The height of a binary tree with n nodes is at least n and
at most log2(n+1)
Ancestor and descendant nodes: Ancestors of a node are all the nodes along the
path from the root to that node. Similarly, descendants of a node are all the nodes
along the path from that node to the leaf node.
Binary trees are commonly used to implement binary search trees, expression
trees, tournament trees and binary heaps.
6. Complete Binary Trees
A complete binary tree is a binary tree which satisfies two properties. First, in a
complete binary tree every level, except possibly the last, is completely filled.
Second, all nodes appear as far left as possible
In a complete binary tree Tn, there are exactly n nodes and level r of T can have at
most 2r
nodes.
The formula to find the parent, left child and right child can be given as- if K is a
parent node, then its left child can be calculated as 2 * K and its right child can be
calculated as 2 * K + 1. For example, the children of node 4 are 8 (2*4) and 9 (2* 4 +
1). Similarly, the parent of the node K can be calculated as | K/2 |. Given the node 4,
its parent can be calculated as | 4/2 | = 2. The height of a tree Tn having exactly n
nodes is given as,
Hn = | log2 n + 1 |
This means, if a tree T has 10,00,000 nodes then its height is 21.
1
32
4
8
5 6
7
1310 119 12
7. Representation of Binary Trees
in Memory
In computer’s memory, a binary tree can be maintained either using
a linked representation (as in case of a linked list) or using
sequential representation (as in case of single arrays).
Linked Representation of Binary TreesLinked Representation of Binary Trees
In linked representation of binary tree, every node will have three
parts, the data element, a pointer to the left node and a pointer to
the right node. So in C, the binary tree is built with a node type
given as below.
struct node {
struct node* left;
int data;
struct node* right;
};
1
2 3
4 5 6 7
X 8 X X 9 X X 10 X X 11 X X 12 X
8. Sequential Representation of
Binary Trees
Sequential representation of trees is done using single or one
dimensional array. Though, it is the simplest technique for memory
representation but it is very inefficient as it requires a lot of memory
space. A sequential binary tree follows the rules given below:
One dimensional array called TREE, will be used.
The root of the tree will be stored in the first location. That is,
TREE[0] will store the data of the root element.
The children of a node K, will be stored in location (2*K) and
(2*K+1).
The maximum size of the array TREE is given as (2d+1
-1), where d is
the depth of the tree.
An empty tree or sub-tree is specified using NULL. If TREE[0] =
NULL, then the tree is empty.
0 20
1 15
2 35
3 12
4 17
5 21
6 39
7
8
9 16
10 18
12
13
14 36
15 45
16
17
18
3515
12
17 2
1
39
45
1
6
18
3
6
20
9. EXPRESSION TREES
Binary trees are widely used to store algebraic expressions. For
example, consider the algebraic expression Exp given as,
Exp = (a – b ) + ( c * d)
This expression can be represented using a binary tree as shown in
figure
+
*-
a b c d
10. TRAVERSING OF A BINARY TREE
Traversing a binary tree is the process of visiting each node in the tree
exactly once, in a systematic way. Unlike linear data structures in which the
elements are traversed sequentially, tree is a non-linear data structure in
which the elements can be traversed in many different ways. There are
different algorithms for tree traversals. These algorithms differ in the order in
which the nodes are visited. In this section, we will read about these
algorithms.
Pre-order algorithm
To traverse a non-empty binary tree in preorder, the following operations are
performed recursively at each node. The algorithm starts with the root node of
the tree and continues by,
Visiting the root node.
Traversing the left subtree.
Traversing the right subtree.
A
CB
D E
F
IH
GA, B, D, C, E, F, G, H and I
11. In-order algorithm
To traverse a non-empty binary tree in in-order, the following operations
are performed recursively at each node. The algorithm starts with the
root node of the tree and continues by,
Traversing the left subtree.
Visiting the root node.
Traversing the right subtree.
Post-order algorithm
To traverse a non-empty binary tree in post-order, the following operations
are performed recursively at each node. The algorithm starts with the
root node of the tree and continues by,
Traversing the left subtree.
Traversing the right subtree.
Visiting the root node.
A
CB
D E
F
IH
G
B, D, A, E, H, G, I, F AND C.
D, B, H, I, G, F, E, C and A.