The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Antioxidants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the rationale and process of endodontic treatment. The aim is to remove infected tissue and restore the tooth with a bacteria-tight restoration to preserve pulp health. Inflammation is the body's response to irritants, involving vascular changes, increased permeability and blood flow, and recruitment of immune cells like neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes to remove irritants and repair tissue damage. The inflammatory response must be resolved for healing to occur. Endodontic treatment aims to reduce inflammation and allow for pulp recovery and resolution of periradicular manifestations.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses various classes of newer antimicrobials that are used to treat resistant bacterial infections. It provides details on the mechanisms of action and modes of resistance for classes such as oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, lipopeptides, ketolides, glycylcyclines, carbapenems, cephalosporins, pleuromutilins, macrocyclic antibiotics, rifamycins, streptogramins, and quinolones. Newer drugs within these classes have improved properties compared to older drugs like having additional mechanisms of action, fewer drug interactions and side effects, and activity against drug-resistant bacteria.
OSHA regulations require employers to provide training on hazardous materials found in the workplace and establish safety plans and protocols. This includes maintaining an inventory of hazardous chemicals, providing material safety data sheets, ensuring containers are properly labeled, and training employees. Common hazardous materials in veterinary practices include disinfectants, anesthetic gases, radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents. Employers must implement safety precautions like personal protective equipment and proper ventilation to protect employees from risks of overexposure or injury.
Chemotherapeutic agents pharmacology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Antioxidants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the rationale and process of endodontic treatment. The aim is to remove infected tissue and restore the tooth with a bacteria-tight restoration to preserve pulp health. Inflammation is the body's response to irritants, involving vascular changes, increased permeability and blood flow, and recruitment of immune cells like neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes to remove irritants and repair tissue damage. The inflammatory response must be resolved for healing to occur. Endodontic treatment aims to reduce inflammation and allow for pulp recovery and resolution of periradicular manifestations.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses various classes of newer antimicrobials that are used to treat resistant bacterial infections. It provides details on the mechanisms of action and modes of resistance for classes such as oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, lipopeptides, ketolides, glycylcyclines, carbapenems, cephalosporins, pleuromutilins, macrocyclic antibiotics, rifamycins, streptogramins, and quinolones. Newer drugs within these classes have improved properties compared to older drugs like having additional mechanisms of action, fewer drug interactions and side effects, and activity against drug-resistant bacteria.
OSHA regulations require employers to provide training on hazardous materials found in the workplace and establish safety plans and protocols. This includes maintaining an inventory of hazardous chemicals, providing material safety data sheets, ensuring containers are properly labeled, and training employees. Common hazardous materials in veterinary practices include disinfectants, anesthetic gases, radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents. Employers must implement safety precautions like personal protective equipment and proper ventilation to protect employees from risks of overexposure or injury.
Chemotherapeutic agents pharmacology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Rational of endodontic treatment/ rotary endodontic courses by indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Endodontic treatment aims to remove infected pulp from the tooth canal and fill the space to prevent further infection. Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection and involves vascular changes, immune cell infiltration, and tissue changes. The goal of inflammation is to destroy the irritant and repair the tissue. Successful endodontic treatment relies on controlling or resolving inflammation in the tooth and surrounding tissues.
Rationale of endodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Recent advances in antibacterials include several newly approved drugs and those in development. Oxazolidinones like linezolid and newer glycopeptides like telavancin are effective against resistant strains. Lipopeptides like daptomycin and ketolides provide alternatives. Newer carbapenems like ertapenem and doripenem have improved properties. The development pipeline remains limited due to high costs and resistance. Future targets may include virulence factors, host pathways, and antimicrobial peptides. Antibiotic stewardship programs aim to optimize use and minimize unintended consequences of resistance development.
The document discusses photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment that uses photosensitizing drugs activated by light to treat cancer and other diseases. It describes several FDA-approved photosensitizing drugs including porfimer sodium, aminolevulinic acid, methyl ester of ALA, and verteporfin. The document also discusses the mechanism of PDT, advantages, potential side effects of the drugs, and future directions for improving PDT treatments.
Antibiotics in oral and maxillofacial surgery /certified fixed orthodontic co...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the use of antibiotics in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It begins with definitions and classifications of antibiotics. It then covers the history of antibiotic development. The document discusses principles for choosing antibiotics, including the state of a patient's defenses, using the narrowest effective spectrum, cost, and proven efficacy. It addresses administration principles like proper dosing and timing. The therapeutic uses of various antibiotics for conditions like abscesses, osteomyelitis, and salivary gland infections are analyzed. Special considerations for pregnancy, children, liver/kidney disease are also covered. The document concludes with sections on antibiotic prophylaxis and misuse.
The document discusses current concepts of endodontic irrigation. It notes that complete mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system is impossible, so irrigation is necessary to eradicate present infections and prevent future reinfection for successful treatment. Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant but has disadvantages like toxicity. Chelating agents like EDTA and citric acid are used to remove the smear layer. Chlorhexidine has antimicrobial properties and can remain active in tissue but does not remove debris. No single solution is ideal, so combining solutions in the proper sequence maximizes effectiveness.
This document discusses newer antibiotics and their uses. It introduces several classes of newer antibiotics, including oxazolidinones (linezolid), glycolipopeptides (daptomycin), glycopeptides (telavancin), and pleuromutilins (retapamulin). These newer drugs are effective against multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens like MRSA and VRE. The document reviews the mechanisms of action, indications, clinical trial results, and side effects of these newer antibiotic classes.
Lasers in oral & maxillofacial surgery/oral surgery courses by indian dental ...Indian dental academy
This document provides an overview of lasers used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It discusses the history of lasers, laser physics including population inversion and stimulated emission, laser design components, methods of laser light delivery including articulated arms and optical fibers, laser focusing modes, and different types of lasers including CO2, Nd:YAG, and argon lasers. The key properties and applications of each laser type are described.
Cryosurgery involves using extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue. It has been used in maxillofacial surgery since 1845 to treat various conditions. The mechanism of cryosurgery relies on the heat transfer and thermal effects of rapid freezing and thawing of tissues. It can effectively treat lesions and cancers of the face and mouth through cell destruction during freezing and vascular damage during thawing. While cryosurgery is generally a simple, painless, and low-risk procedure, complications can include delayed wound healing and bone or nerve damage. It remains a useful tool for managing many benign and some pre-cancerous maxillofacial conditions.
This document provides an overview of antibiotic use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It begins with the history and introduction of antibiotics, followed by classifications based on type of organism, mechanism of action, chemical structure, and spectrum of activity. Principles of antibiotic therapy are discussed, including determining infection severity, evaluating host defenses, and choosing appropriate antibiotics. Common oral infections and their typical microorganisms are listed. Guidelines for antibiotic selection include empirically treating typical odontogenic infections, obtaining cultures in specific situations, and using narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Rational of endodontic treatment/ rotary endodontic courses by indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Endodontic treatment aims to remove infected pulp from the tooth canal and fill the space to prevent further infection. Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection and involves vascular changes, immune cell infiltration, and tissue changes. The goal of inflammation is to destroy the irritant and repair the tissue. Successful endodontic treatment relies on controlling or resolving inflammation in the tooth and surrounding tissues.
Rationale of endodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Recent advances in antibacterials include several newly approved drugs and those in development. Oxazolidinones like linezolid and newer glycopeptides like telavancin are effective against resistant strains. Lipopeptides like daptomycin and ketolides provide alternatives. Newer carbapenems like ertapenem and doripenem have improved properties. The development pipeline remains limited due to high costs and resistance. Future targets may include virulence factors, host pathways, and antimicrobial peptides. Antibiotic stewardship programs aim to optimize use and minimize unintended consequences of resistance development.
The document discusses photodynamic therapy (PDT), a treatment that uses photosensitizing drugs activated by light to treat cancer and other diseases. It describes several FDA-approved photosensitizing drugs including porfimer sodium, aminolevulinic acid, methyl ester of ALA, and verteporfin. The document also discusses the mechanism of PDT, advantages, potential side effects of the drugs, and future directions for improving PDT treatments.
Antibiotics in oral and maxillofacial surgery /certified fixed orthodontic co...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the use of antibiotics in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It begins with definitions and classifications of antibiotics. It then covers the history of antibiotic development. The document discusses principles for choosing antibiotics, including the state of a patient's defenses, using the narrowest effective spectrum, cost, and proven efficacy. It addresses administration principles like proper dosing and timing. The therapeutic uses of various antibiotics for conditions like abscesses, osteomyelitis, and salivary gland infections are analyzed. Special considerations for pregnancy, children, liver/kidney disease are also covered. The document concludes with sections on antibiotic prophylaxis and misuse.
The document discusses current concepts of endodontic irrigation. It notes that complete mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system is impossible, so irrigation is necessary to eradicate present infections and prevent future reinfection for successful treatment. Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant but has disadvantages like toxicity. Chelating agents like EDTA and citric acid are used to remove the smear layer. Chlorhexidine has antimicrobial properties and can remain active in tissue but does not remove debris. No single solution is ideal, so combining solutions in the proper sequence maximizes effectiveness.
This document discusses newer antibiotics and their uses. It introduces several classes of newer antibiotics, including oxazolidinones (linezolid), glycolipopeptides (daptomycin), glycopeptides (telavancin), and pleuromutilins (retapamulin). These newer drugs are effective against multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens like MRSA and VRE. The document reviews the mechanisms of action, indications, clinical trial results, and side effects of these newer antibiotic classes.
Lasers in oral & maxillofacial surgery/oral surgery courses by indian dental ...Indian dental academy
This document provides an overview of lasers used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It discusses the history of lasers, laser physics including population inversion and stimulated emission, laser design components, methods of laser light delivery including articulated arms and optical fibers, laser focusing modes, and different types of lasers including CO2, Nd:YAG, and argon lasers. The key properties and applications of each laser type are described.
Cryosurgery involves using extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue. It has been used in maxillofacial surgery since 1845 to treat various conditions. The mechanism of cryosurgery relies on the heat transfer and thermal effects of rapid freezing and thawing of tissues. It can effectively treat lesions and cancers of the face and mouth through cell destruction during freezing and vascular damage during thawing. While cryosurgery is generally a simple, painless, and low-risk procedure, complications can include delayed wound healing and bone or nerve damage. It remains a useful tool for managing many benign and some pre-cancerous maxillofacial conditions.
This document provides an overview of antibiotic use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It begins with the history and introduction of antibiotics, followed by classifications based on type of organism, mechanism of action, chemical structure, and spectrum of activity. Principles of antibiotic therapy are discussed, including determining infection severity, evaluating host defenses, and choosing appropriate antibiotics. Common oral infections and their typical microorganisms are listed. Guidelines for antibiotic selection include empirically treating typical odontogenic infections, obtaining cultures in specific situations, and using narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
3. Chemotherapeutic agents and
radiation therapy
•
•
•
•
•
Classes of agents
Mechanisms of action
The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
Multiple drug resistance
Interactions of chemotherapeutic agents with
radiation therapy (chemoradiation therapy)
• Photodynamic therapy
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lecture 23
Ahmed Group
4. Inspired and developed initially by and for
radiation biologists:
- Many of the techniques and concepts used in
chemotherapy:
• quantitative tumor assay systems
• the concept of cell cycle and sensitivity changes
through the cell cycle;
• population kinetics
- Terms:
• growth fraction,
• dose
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lecture 23
Ahmed Group
5. Chemotherapy
The term introduced by Paul Erlich
1. Salvarsan, the savior of mankind. Described the use
of chemicals to treat parasites-arsenic compound
effective against trypanosome and syphilis.
2. Penicillin-WWII
3. Alkylating agents-WWI and WWII
4. Anticancer drugs-methotrexate and cyclophosphamide
5. Combination chemotherapy of lymphocytic leukemia
in the early 1960s. Multiple drugs with different
toxicities could be used in combination to cure tumors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lecture 23
Ahmed Group
6. Chemotherapy
Today a wide variety of anticancer agents are
used in clinical oncology. They have been
proven effective for:
•choriocarcinoma,
•acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood
•Hodgkin’s disease
•certain non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas,
•some germ cell tumors of testes
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Lecture 23
Ahmed Group
7. Chemotherapy of cancer – is the treatment
and control of metastatic disease, a cancer
that has become systemic and out of control.
There are 13 types of cancer for which cures are claimed
by chemotherapy; this accounts for about 10% of all
cancers.
Comparison: 12.5% of cancers are cured by radiation
therapy
½ x ½ x ½ rule
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Lecture 23
Ahmed Group
8. Biologic basis of chemotherapy
Anticancer drugs work by affecting DNA synthesis or
function, they do not normally kill resting cells;
The effectiveness of the drug is limited by the growth
fraction of tumor, thus, small rapidly proliferating tumors
are more responsive to chemotherapy than the large ones.
Growth fraction decreases as tumor size increases.
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Ahmed Group
9. Biologic basis of chemotherapy
Cell-cycle specific, or phase-specific agents;
Cell-cycle nonspecific or phase-non-specific agents
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Ahmed Group
10. Biologic basis of chemotherapy
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11. • Classes of agents
• Mechanisms of action
• The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
• Multiple drug resistance
• Interactions of chemotherapeutic agents with
radiation
therapy
(chemoradiation
therapy)
• Photodynamic therapy
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Ahmed Group
12. Classes of agents and mode of action
Four categories of most commonly used
chemotherapeutic agents:
•
•
•
•
Alkylating agents;
Antibiotics;
Antimetabolites
Miscellaneous: platinum complexes
procarbazine
plant alkaloids
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13. Classes of agents and mode of action
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14. Classes of agents
Alkylating agents
Highly reactive, substitute alkyl groups for hydrogen atoms of
organic compounds (ex. DNA).
Five classes: 1. Nitrogen mustard derivatives
2. Ethylenimine derivatives
3. Alkyl sulfonates
4. Triazine derivatives
5. Nitrozoureas
Most of them contain more than one alkylating group and therefore
considered polyfunctional alkylating agents.
As a class alkylating agents are considered to be cell-cycle nonspecific
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Ahmed Group
15. Classes of agents
Antibiotics
The clinically useful antibiotics are natural products
of various strains of the soil fungus Streptomyces.
The directly bind DNA, and inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
As a class they behave as cell-cycle nonspecific agents.
Examples: Doxorubicin, Actinomycin D,
Bleomycin, Mitomycin C
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Ahmed Group
16. Classes of agents
Plant Alkaliods
Vinca alkaloid. Produced from the common periwinkle plant.
The clinically useful alkaloids are large complex molecules that
exert their antitumor effect by binding to cellular microtubular
proteins and inhibiting microtubular polymerization, the
essential compounds of the mitotic spindle.
Effect - mitotic arrest.
Taxanes - products of the yew tree. The toxicity of the leaves or
bark is caused by alkaloids taxanes.
Paclitaxel – is a natuarla product, a new class of antineoplastic
agents, the taxanes, that targets the microtubules.
The taxanes are potent microtubule-stabilizing agents, promoters
of microtubule assemly. This is in contrast to vinca.
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They block cells in G2/M phases of the cell cycle.
Lecture 23
Ahmed Group
17. Classes of agents
Antimetabolites
Analogues of normal metabolites. The interact with enzymes
and damage cells by:
1. Substituting for a metabolite normally incorporated into a key
molecule
2. Competing successfully with a normal metabolite for
occupation of the catalytic site of a key enzyme
3. Competing with a normal metabolite that acts at an enzyme
regulatory site to alter the catalytic rate of the enzyme
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Ahmed Group
18. Classes of agents
Miscellaneous agents
Examples: Methylhydrazine, nitrosoureas, hydroxyurea,
cis-platinum, taxanes
Hydroxyurea. First synthesized in 1869 and was found to be
bone-marrow suppressive in 1928.
Used in treatment of cancer in the 1960s.
It is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, an enzyme essential
to DNA symthesis, and is consequently specifically cytotoxic
to cells in the S phase;
Cis-platinum. is an inorganic complex-platinum surrounded by
chlorine and ammonium ions. Cell-cycle nonspecific. Binds to
DNA causing cross-linking
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19. Classes of agents and mode of action
Summary
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20. Classes of agents
Dose-response relationship for six
commonly used chemotherapeutic
agents
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21. Classes of agents.
Mechanisms of action
Another characteristic of
chemotherapy agents is that
the sensitivity to cell killing
varies enormously among cell
types.
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Ahmed Group
22. Classes of agents. Mechanisms of action
Sublethal and potentially lethal damage repair
Sublethal damage repair-an increase in survival if a dose of radiation
(or other cytotoxic agent) is divided into fractions. It tends to correlate
with the shoulder of the acute dose-response curve, but this is not
necessarily always true. Repair of potentially lethal damage is
manifested as an increase in survival if cells are held in a
nonproliferative state for some time after treatment.
Similar studies have been performed with a variety of chemotherapeutic
agents.
Next slide: potentially lethal damage repair is a significant factor in the
antibiotics bleomycin and doxorubicin
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Ahmed Group
23. Classes of agents.
Mechanisms of action
Sublethal and potentially
lethal damage repair
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Ahmed Group
24. • Classes of agents
• Mechanisms of action
• The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
• Multiple drug resistance
• Interactions of chemotherapeutic agents with
radiation
therapy
(chemoradiation
therapy)
• Photodynamic therapy
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Ahmed Group
25. The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
The presence or absence of oxygen has a dramatic influence
on the proportion of cells surviving a given dose of X-rays.
Situation with chemotherapeutic agents is more complicated.
Some agents, such as bleomycin, are more toxic to oxygenated
cells than to chronically hypoxic cells.
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Ahmed Group
26. The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
Dose-response curves for cells exposed to graded concentrations
of bleomycin in the presence or absence of oxygen
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27. The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
• Some of the drugs are more toxic to hypoxic that to aerated
conditions;
• Some of the drugs are more toxic to aerated conditions
• A third group of drugs appear to be equally cytotoxic to
aerated or hypoxic cells
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Ahmed Group
28. • Classes of agents
• Mechanisms of action
• The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
• Multiple drug resistance
• Interactions of chemotherapeutic agents with
radiation
therapy
(chemoradiation
therapy)
• Photodynamic therapy
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Ahmed Group
30. Drug resistance
During prolong exposure
to a cytostatic drug cells
become resistant to the
drug and the tumor
becomes unresponsive.
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Ahmed Group
31. Drug resistance
Underlying this problem are genetic changes that could be seen
sometimes in chromosome preparations
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32. Drug resistance
A debatable issue is whether cells that acquired resistance to
chemotherapeutic agents are also resistant to radiation.
Laboratory data show that the acquiring of resistance to a drug does
not necessarily result in radioresistance.
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Ahmed Group
33. • Classes of agents
• Mechanisms of action
• The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
• Multiple drug resistance
• Interactions of chemotherapeutic agents with
radiation
therapy
(chemoradiation
therapy)
• Photodynamic therapy
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Ahmed Group
34. Comparison of
chemotherapeutic
agents with radiation
There is much greater variation
of sensitivity to chemotherapeutic
agents than there is to radiation.
The response of one cell line to
nine different cytotoxic agents
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Ahmed Group
35. Comparison of
chemotherapeutic
agents with radiation
There is much greater variation
of sensitivity to chemotherapeutic
agents than there is to radiation.
Figure shows the widely different
response to CCNU of three clones
derived from a common
astrocytoma cell line
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Ahmed Group
36. Adjunct use of chemotherapeutic
agents with radiation
Spacial cooperation is the rationale for the combination of
radiation and chemotherapy
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Ahmed Group
37. Adjunct use of chemotherapeutic
agents with radiation
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Ahmed Group
38. Adjunct use of chemotherapeutic
agents with radiation
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Ahmed Group
39. • Classes of agents
• Mechanisms of action
• The oxygen effect in chemotherapy
• Multiple drug resistance
• Interactions of chemotherapeutic agents with
radiation
therapy
(chemoradiation
therapy)
• Photodynamic therapy
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Ahmed Group
40. Photodynamic therapy
Cancer treatment using light to activate a photosensitizing
gent, thereby releasing cytotoxic free radicals.
When photosensitizers are exposed to a specific wavelength
of light, they produce a form of oxygen that kills nearby cells.
Each photosensitizer is activated by light of a specific wavelength.
This wavelength determines how far the light can travel into the body.
Thus, doctors use specific photosensitizers and wavelengths of light to
reat different areas of the body with PDT.
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Ahmed Group
41. Photodynamic therapy
How is PDT used to treat cancer?
In the first step of PDT for cancer treatment, a photosensitizing
agent is injected into the bloodstream. The agent is absorbed by
cells all over the body, but stays in cancer cells longer than it does
in normal cells. Approximately 24 to 72 hours after injection when
most of the agent has left normal cells but remains in cancer cells,
the tumor is exposed to light. The photosensitizer in the tumor
absorbs the light and produces an active form of oxygen that
destroys nearby cancer cells. In addition to directly killing cancer
cells, PDT appears to shrink or destroy tumors in two other ways.
The photosensitizer can damage to blood vessels in the tumor,
thereby preventing the cancer from receiving necessary nutrients.
In addition, PDT may activate the immune system to attack the
tumor cells.
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Ahmed Group
42. Photodynamic therapy
The light used for PDT can come from a laser or other sources of
light. Laser light can be directed through fiber optic cables (thin
fibers that transmit light) to deliver light to areas inside the body.
For example, a fiber optic cable can be inserted through an
endoscope (a thin, lighted tube used to look at tissues inside the
body) intothe lungs or esophagus to treat cancer in these organs.
Other light sources include light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which
may be used for surface tumors, such as skin cancer.
PDT is usually performed as an outpatient procedure. PDT may
also be repeated and may be used with other therapies, such as
surgery, radiation or chemotherapy.
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43. Thank you
For more details please visit
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