Lecture 21 som 01.04.2021
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The document discusses torsion and shafts. It defines torsional stress as the shear stress produced in a shaft due to twisting. When a cylindrical shaft is subjected to equal and opposite couples at its ends, it experiences torsion. The maximum torque a solid circular shaft can transmit is directly proportional to the cube of its diameter and proportional to the modulus of rigidity. Equations for torque, polar moment of inertia, and torsional shear stress are derived.
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The document discusses torsion and shafts. It covers torsional stress and shear stress in shafts caused by twisting forces. It derives the torsional equation and calculates the maximum torque that can be transmitted by solid and hollow circular shafts based on their dimensions and material properties. It also provides examples of problems calculating stresses and torque capacities in solid and hollow shafts.
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Due to the development of the CNC technology, manufacturing the complex surface is becoming
more and more easier. Globoidal cam is an important part of intermittent motion mechanism, so nowadays
machining the globoidal cam by CNC machine is a new research area. In general, the contour line of the
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cam, its contour surface is non-development, so the follower motion curve cannot defined by mathematical
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Correction: Cam mechanism can do vice versa.
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Unit 3 Kinematics of cam mechanisms
This document discusses cam mechanisms and their kinematics. It defines a cam as a mechanical component that transmits motion through contact and can convert rotational motion to translational or oscillating motion. A cam mechanism consists of a cam, follower, and frame. Cams are used in machines like textile, printing, food processing, and engines. Cams can be classified based on the follower motion as radial or cylindrical, and followers can be classified based on shape, movement, or line of movement. The document also defines important terms used in cam mechanisms like base circle, trace point, pressure angle, pitch point, and discusses different motions a follower can have like uniform velocity, simple harmonic, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cyclo
4 12875 515
This document discusses cams and cam mechanisms. It defines a cam as a rotating machine element that imparts reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element called a follower. The document then describes different types of followers based on their contacting surface and motion. It also discusses terms used in radial cams such as base circle, trace point, pressure angle, and pitch curve. The document concludes by describing different motions a follower may have, including uniform velocity, and providing displacement, velocity, and acceleration diagrams for when the follower moves with uniform velocity.
Cam mechanism and flexible drives
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Machine Elements
Basic Explanation
History
Mechanism Explained
Disclaimer: All research materials are internet based. I do not own anything. Video links are included (from youtube).
Correction: Cam mechanism can do vice versa.
Leader: Andrei Matias
Cam profile
A cam is a specially shaped piece of metal that controls the motion of a follower. It can produce either rotational or translational motion of the follower. There are different types of cam joints including forced closed joints that require an external force like a spring to maintain contact, and form closed joints where the geometry keeps the cam and follower together. Cams can be classified based on the motion of the follower, type of joint closure, type of follower, follower constraints, type of cam profile, follower position, and type of motion program. Important cam terminology includes the trace point, pitch curve, working curve, pitch circle, prime circle, base circle, stroke/throw, follower displacement, and pressure angle.
Cam profile
The document provides instructions for drawing cam profiles to operate different types of followers under varying motion profiles:
1) An in-line knife edge follower that moves outward 40mm over 60 degrees, dwells 45 degrees, returns over 90 degrees, and dwells the rest of the rotation with simple harmonic motion.
2) An offset knife edge follower with the same motion profile but offset 20mm from the cam shaft axis.
3) An offset roller follower that moves with simple harmonic motion on the ascent and uniformly accelerated/decelerated motion on descent over angles of 48 and 42 degrees respectively, with the roller offset 20mm from the cam shaft axis.
4) An in-line roller follower that raises
Terminollogy of radial cam
The document defines various terminology related to radial cams and cam mechanisms. It defines terms like base circle, trace point, pressure angle, pitch point, pitch circle, pitch curve, prime circle, and lift that describe the geometric features and motion of radial cams. It also defines kinematic terms used in cam mechanisms like rise, dwell, return, stroke, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and jerk that describe the motion of the follower.
Combustion
Cams are used to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion. Cams are classified based on the input and output motions, including rotating cam-translating follower, rotating cam-oscillating follower, and translating cam-translating follower. Followers are classified by their shape and motion path. Cam motions include uniform, simple harmonic, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cycloidal. Key cam components are the cam profile, base circle, trace point, pitch curve, prime circle, and pitch point. As the cam rotates, the follower moves through an upward rise and downward fall, with possible dwell between motions.
Cam and Followers
A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element known as the follower.Though the cams may be classified in many ways, among them we can classify:
1. Radial or disc cam.
2. Cylindrical cam.
Cams and Followers
Cam followers are used to convert rotary motion to reciprocating motion. A cam is a rotating element that presses against a follower, causing it to move in a reciprocating motion. There are different types of cams and followers that produce different follower motion profiles. Key terms used to describe cams include the base circle, trace point, pressure angle, pitch point, pitch circle, and pitch curve. The cam profile transfers motion to the follower. Types of follower motion produced by different cam profiles include uniform velocity, simple harmonic motion, and uniform acceleration and retardation.
cam design
This document discusses the mechanism of machinery and cam design. It begins by classifying followers based on their surface of contact and type of motion. It then discusses cam nomenclature and standard cam motions like uniform, modified uniform, and simple harmonic motion. The document provides examples of cam curve design, including the use of cycloidal motion. It also discusses velocity and acceleration analysis for tangent cams.
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This document summarizes the classification, nomenclature, and displacement diagrams of cams and followers. It describes radial and cylindrical cams based on the direction of follower motion relative to the cam axis. Followers are classified by the contact surface and motion, including knife edge, roller, flat, and spherical types, and reciprocating vs. rotating motion. Nomenclature for key cam and follower components is also defined, such as the cam profile, base circle, pitch curve, and pressure angle. Examples of cam configurations and calculations of maximum velocity and acceleration are provided.
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This document provides an overview of cam design principles and functions. It begins by defining different cam terminology such as follower motion types, joint closure types, follower types, and motion constraints. It then discusses common cam motion programs including rise-fall, rise-fall-dwell, and rise-dwell-fall-dwell. Several cam profile functions are analyzed that satisfy the fundamental law of cam design requiring continuous derivatives, including cycloidal, trapezoidal, and polynomial functions. Comparisons of the velocity, acceleration, jerk, and position profiles of different cam functions show that modified trapezoidal cams have the lowest peak acceleration while cycloidal and polynomial cams have the lowest jerk. The document concludes with considerations for single dwell cam design.
Cam mech
Cam mechanisms use cams to provide unusual motions to followers. Cams can create different types of motions but are expensive to manufacture and wear down over time. Cams are classified based on their shape and type of contact. Common cam motion curves include linear, simple harmonic, parabolic, and cycloidal motions. The cycloidal motion curve provides the smoothest motion in terms of finite acceleration. Cam size is determined by considering the pressure angle and minimum radius of curvature to minimize size while ensuring proper force transmission and strength.
Cams and Followers
The document discusses different types of cam mechanisms. It describes the basic components of a cam system including the cam, follower, and frame. Cams are classified based on their shape, including wedge, flat, radial, offset, cylindrical, spiral, conjugate, globoidal, and spherical cams. Followers can be knife edge, roller, flat faced, or spherical faced. Motion analysis is provided for simple harmonic motion, uniform acceleration/deceleration, uniform velocity, parabolic motion, and cycloidal motion. Maximum velocities, accelerations, and the variations of displacement, velocity, and acceleration are determined for each type of motion.
Sai Cam
The document discusses cams and followers. It defines cams and followers, describes different types of cams and followers based on their surface contact and motion. It lists some common applications of cams and followers like in car engines, clocks, machine tools. It also discusses cam terminology used for drawing cam profiles and displacement diagrams, including terms like base circle, trace point, pressure angle, pitch point, pitch circle etc. Finally, it provides an example problem on drawing the profile of a disc cam that gives uniform velocity motion to a knife-edged follower.
Construction of cam_profile
The document discusses different types of disk cams and their roller followers. It explains how to construct the cam profile based on the follower's motion. For a reciprocating roller follower, the cam rotates clockwise and the follower moves up and down. The base circle passes through the roller's lowest position. For an offset roller follower, offsetting the follower reduces side thrust during operation. The radius of the offset circle is the distance from the cam center to the follower centerline extension. For an oscillating roller follower, the cam rotates clockwise while the follower oscillates according to the displacement diagram angles.
Ppt cam jm609
This document discusses cams and cam mechanisms. It begins by defining cams as devices that convert rotary or linear motion into reciprocal or linear motion to perform useful work. Cams are then classified by their shape, follower movement type, and how the follower is constrained. Several types of cams are described, including plate, cylindrical, face, and end cams. Follower types such as wedge, roller, and flat ended followers are also outlined. Examples of cam applications include the camshaft in engines, which uses cams and followers to open and close intake and exhaust valves. Videos are provided as samples to demonstrate cam mechanisms.
Construction of Cam
The document summarizes a lecture on cams. It discusses four types of follower motion: uniform, simple harmonic, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cycloidal motion. It provides examples and diagrams of displacement, velocity, and acceleration for each type. It also discusses cam profiles, including an example problem to construct the profile of a cam with specified motion parameters. The next lecture topic will be on belts, ropes and chains. Students are provided the lecturer's contact information.
Cams
Cams are devices that convert rotary motion to linear motion. A cam mechanism consists of a cam and follower mounted on a fixed frame. There are various types of cams including plate, face, and cylindrical cams. Cams can have different profiles like pear, circular, or heart shaped depending on how the follower needs to move. Cams are used in applications like engines and looms to control motion. They allow for coordinating large numbers of input/output motions in a compact space.
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Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Pro
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Shear Force Diagram is a graphical representation of shear force (V) along the length of a beam subjected to external loads. It is an analytical tool used in structural design to determine member type, size, and material. There are two methods for constructing SFDs - basic and integration. The basic method involves determining support reactions, sectioning the beam, drawing free body diagrams, and calculating shear and moment as a function of position along the beam. SFDs can be used to find maximum shear values, bending moment diagrams, and deflection of beams under different loading conditions such as concentrated, uniform, and variable loads as demonstrated in the examples.
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Shear Force Diagram is a graphical representation of shear force (V) along the length of a beam subjected to external loads. It is an analytical tool used in structural design to determine member type, size, and material. There are two methods for constructing SFDs - basic and integration. The basic method involves determining support reactions, sectioning the beam, drawing free body diagrams, and calculating shear and moment as a function of position along the beam. SFDs can be used to find maximum shear values, bending moment diagrams, and deflection of beams under different loading conditions such as concentrated, uniform, and variable loads as demonstrated in the examples.
My Work
Jay Ryan R. Santos has experience designing various types of industrial structures including pipe racks, equipment structures, shelters, table tops, modular structures, vessel foundations, tank foundations, and mining equipment foundations. He has expertise in load calculations, steel and concrete design, lifting analysis, transportation analysis, and seismic analysis of industrial structures.
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Lecture 21 som 01.04.2021
- 1. BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN TORSION OF SHAFTS AND SPRINGS BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 2. Learning Objectives • At the end of this chapter you should be able to complete torsion calculations using: • General torsion equation • Polar moment of inertia • Modulus of elasticity in shear Shafts are mechanical components, usually of circular cross-section, used to transmit power/torque through their rotational motion. In operation they are subjected to: • torsional shear stresses within the cross-section of the shaft, with a maximum at the outer surface of the shaft • bending stresses (for example a transmission gear shaft supported in bearings) • vibrations due to critical speeds BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 3. TORQUE • Torque is the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of force from the axis of rotation. • If the angle of rotation is small, the length of the shaft and its radius will remain unchanged. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 4. What is Torsional stress? | Torsional Shear Stress • Torsional shear stress or Torsional stress is the shear stress produced in the shaft due to the twisting. • This twisting in the shaft is caused by the couple acting on it • When a machine member is under the twisting force then it is said to be the shaft is subjected to torsion. • Due to this torsion in the shaft, the stresses induced in the shaft are known as the Torsional shear stress or simply Torsional stress. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 5. What is the couple? • A couple is Two equal and opposite parallel forces acting upon a body with a different line of acting points said as a couple. • (the Following figure represents how a twisting is produced when tightening of a nut with a wrench) BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 6. TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS • When a cylindrical shaft is subjected to equal and opposite couples at the ends, either it will be in equilibrium or it will rotate at a uniform rate. • In either case, it is subjected to torsion and the stresses set up by every cross-section are shear stresses. • At any point in the cross-section of a shaft, there is a state of simple shear, the two planes of shear, that is the planes across which the stress is wholly tangential being the cross-section itself and the plane through the point and the axis of the shaft. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 7. BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN DERIVATION OF TORSIONAL EQUATION BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 8. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 9. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 10. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 11. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 12. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 13. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 14. BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN MAXIMUM TORQUE TRANSMITTED BY CIRCULAR SOLID SHAFT BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 15. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 16. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 17. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 18. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 19. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 20. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 21. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 22. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 23. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 24. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 25. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 26. BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 27. Thank You BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY