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Learning IS The Constraint
”Learning is not compulsory... neither is survival.” - W. Edwards Deming
Things I do …
troy@kanflow.comLeanAgileKC.com
meetup.com/LAKCLeanCoffee
kc.agilehood.org
@troytuttle linkedin.com/in/troytuttle
TITANIUM SPONSORS
Platinum Sponsors
Gold Sponsors
Learning
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Say What? Learning…?
Much of the knowledge around Learning is how individuals
learn new things -- how our brains work, learning styles,
better training or education techniques, etc.
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Definitions of Learning…
The capability of an organization to change course.
The capability of an organization to voluntarily change course.
The capability of an organization to improve.
The capability of an organization to function.
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Where is our Constraint?
Testing is the constraint.
Team communication is the constraint.
Management is the constraint.
Learning is the constraint.
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Organizational Learning ModelsModels
• Speed/Frequency of Feedback Loops (Agile 101)
• Tacit Knowledge
• Single and Double Loop Learning
Learning Anti-patterns
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Learning Through Feedback Loops
Doing
DoneBacklog
F
H E
C A
I
DevelopmentTo Do
Done Doing Done
G D
A D
P1
B
T
TestingAnalysis
Doing
Team
P
Internal Stakeholder
C
Customer
How quickly are we learning?
AA DD D T
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Learning Through Feedback Loops
“It's in the doing of the work that we
discover the work we must do”
- Woody Zuill
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Learning Through Feedback Loops
2 digit lottery example:
We can buy a two-digit lottery ticket for $1.
A winning number pays off $100.
Buy Two Digits at the Same Time:
Pay $1
Make Nothing
Make $100
99%
1%
Buy Two Digits with Feedback:
Pay $0.50
Make Nothing
Pay $0.50
90%
10%
Make Nothing
Make $100
90%
10%
Expected Payoff: Zero
Expected Payoff: $0.45
Reinertsen, The Principles of Flowtroytuttle #kcdc2018
Paper Airplanes
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Instructions for speaker feedback form, ½ sheet of paper:
1. Fold paper perfectly in half.
2. Fold the corners down so edge is flush.
3. Fold the next flap down so edge is flush.
4. Now fold wings down so they are symmetrical.
5. Mark a star with a pen or marker at the top of the plane, on each side.
6. Slightly bend back of wings to produce more lift.
7. Bend bottom flaps out to produce star shaped support.
Paper Airplanes
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Answer Key: Does yours look like this? Why not?
Tacit Knowledge: Learning and
knowledge that cannot be written down, and
is difficult to express through language. It
requires a shared experience to understand.
Tacit Knowledge 95%
Explicit Knowledge 5%
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Tacit Knowledge
Endeavors that require high levels of Tacit Knowledge:
• Playing an instrument
• Speaking a language
• Social intuition
• Leadership
• Humor
• Delivering Value as a Team
All require a Shared Experience to learn.
“Shared Documents are not
Shared Understanding.”
- Jeff Patton, User Story Mapping
Tacit Knowledge is Fleeting!
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Learning Anti-pattern #1
Limitless Backlogs
Backlog Design Develop Test Done
2-4 months away
Sally
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Apply WIP limits to your backlog!
[12]
Tacit Knowledge Management
The Life and Times of a 2 day user story.
Time2
= wait time
weeks = touch time
weeks
4 - 10 4 - 10 2
Customer Request
Prioritized in Product Backlog
Backlog Grooming Planning Into a Sprint
Story
Completed
= Tacit Knowledge Decay
Time
Customer
Request Completed
The Penalty for excessive WIP is Tacit Knowledge Decay
2 day
Story
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Tacit Knowledge Takeaways
Guardians of Tacit Knowledge?
Prompt team when tacit knowledge is rich: “How do we protect this?”
Answer: We must Act!
Limiting WIP protects tacit knowledge!
troytuttle #kcdc2018
To Act, we need to Focus.
To Focus, we need to limit WIP.
Single and Double Loop Learning
The most common style of learning is just problem
solving—improving the system as it exists.
Single Loop Learning
More than just fixing the problem, this style of
learning questions the underlying assumptions,
values, and beliefs behind what we do.
Double Loop Learning
--Argyris and Schon, Theory in Practice, 1974
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Single and Double Loop Learning
Results
(What we Get)
Strategies and Techniques
(What we Do)
Assumptions
(What we Believe)
Leads to
Informs
Leads to more effective
Question beliefs and assumptions 1. Estimation Reform (#NoEstimates)
2. Eliminating Performance Reviews
Examples:
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Learning Anti-pattern #2: Retrospective Boundaries
Retrospective Process
Single Loop LearningDouble Loop Learning
Team
Off Limits!
Off Limits!
Teams that only operate in their sphere of control are working against
the organization achieving transformational change
Sphere of ControlSphere of Influence
(No Constraints)
Double Loop Learning: Improvement Kata
Vision
Current
Condition Next Target Condition
Obstacle
Obstacle
Obstacle Questioning Beliefs
and Assumptions
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Improvement Kata Real-World Example
Now: Releases are chaotic and cost too much in
multiple ways (time, stress, $, customer impact).
Vision: Ability to release value as quickly and
frequently as needed, in a sustainable manner.
Next Target Condition: Merge to trunk when
User Story is done.
Obstacle: Some of the team members believe in
longer running branches…
Questioning Assumptions/Beliefs
troytuttle #kcdc2018
Learning IS The Constraint
”Learning is not compulsory... neither is survival.” - W. Edwards Deming
Things I do …
troy@kanflow.comLeanAgileKC.com
meetup.com/LAKCLeanCoffee
kc.agilehood.org
@troytuttle linkedin.com/in/troytuttle

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Learning is The Constraint

  • 1. Learning IS The Constraint ”Learning is not compulsory... neither is survival.” - W. Edwards Deming Things I do … troy@kanflow.comLeanAgileKC.com meetup.com/LAKCLeanCoffee kc.agilehood.org @troytuttle linkedin.com/in/troytuttle
  • 4. Say What? Learning…? Much of the knowledge around Learning is how individuals learn new things -- how our brains work, learning styles, better training or education techniques, etc. troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 5. Definitions of Learning… The capability of an organization to change course. The capability of an organization to voluntarily change course. The capability of an organization to improve. The capability of an organization to function. troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 6. Where is our Constraint? Testing is the constraint. Team communication is the constraint. Management is the constraint. Learning is the constraint. troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 7. Organizational Learning ModelsModels • Speed/Frequency of Feedback Loops (Agile 101) • Tacit Knowledge • Single and Double Loop Learning Learning Anti-patterns troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 8. Learning Through Feedback Loops Doing DoneBacklog F H E C A I DevelopmentTo Do Done Doing Done G D A D P1 B T TestingAnalysis Doing Team P Internal Stakeholder C Customer How quickly are we learning? AA DD D T troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 9. Learning Through Feedback Loops “It's in the doing of the work that we discover the work we must do” - Woody Zuill troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 10. Learning Through Feedback Loops 2 digit lottery example: We can buy a two-digit lottery ticket for $1. A winning number pays off $100. Buy Two Digits at the Same Time: Pay $1 Make Nothing Make $100 99% 1% Buy Two Digits with Feedback: Pay $0.50 Make Nothing Pay $0.50 90% 10% Make Nothing Make $100 90% 10% Expected Payoff: Zero Expected Payoff: $0.45 Reinertsen, The Principles of Flowtroytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 11. Paper Airplanes troytuttle #kcdc2018 Instructions for speaker feedback form, ½ sheet of paper: 1. Fold paper perfectly in half. 2. Fold the corners down so edge is flush. 3. Fold the next flap down so edge is flush. 4. Now fold wings down so they are symmetrical. 5. Mark a star with a pen or marker at the top of the plane, on each side. 6. Slightly bend back of wings to produce more lift. 7. Bend bottom flaps out to produce star shaped support.
  • 12. Paper Airplanes troytuttle #kcdc2018 Answer Key: Does yours look like this? Why not?
  • 13. Tacit Knowledge: Learning and knowledge that cannot be written down, and is difficult to express through language. It requires a shared experience to understand. Tacit Knowledge 95% Explicit Knowledge 5% troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 14. Tacit Knowledge Endeavors that require high levels of Tacit Knowledge: • Playing an instrument • Speaking a language • Social intuition • Leadership • Humor • Delivering Value as a Team All require a Shared Experience to learn. “Shared Documents are not Shared Understanding.” - Jeff Patton, User Story Mapping Tacit Knowledge is Fleeting! troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 15. Learning Anti-pattern #1 Limitless Backlogs Backlog Design Develop Test Done 2-4 months away Sally troytuttle #kcdc2018 Apply WIP limits to your backlog! [12]
  • 16. Tacit Knowledge Management The Life and Times of a 2 day user story. Time2 = wait time weeks = touch time weeks 4 - 10 4 - 10 2 Customer Request Prioritized in Product Backlog Backlog Grooming Planning Into a Sprint Story Completed = Tacit Knowledge Decay Time Customer Request Completed The Penalty for excessive WIP is Tacit Knowledge Decay 2 day Story troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 17. Tacit Knowledge Takeaways Guardians of Tacit Knowledge? Prompt team when tacit knowledge is rich: “How do we protect this?” Answer: We must Act! Limiting WIP protects tacit knowledge! troytuttle #kcdc2018 To Act, we need to Focus. To Focus, we need to limit WIP.
  • 18. Single and Double Loop Learning The most common style of learning is just problem solving—improving the system as it exists. Single Loop Learning More than just fixing the problem, this style of learning questions the underlying assumptions, values, and beliefs behind what we do. Double Loop Learning --Argyris and Schon, Theory in Practice, 1974 troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 19. Single and Double Loop Learning Results (What we Get) Strategies and Techniques (What we Do) Assumptions (What we Believe) Leads to Informs Leads to more effective Question beliefs and assumptions 1. Estimation Reform (#NoEstimates) 2. Eliminating Performance Reviews Examples: troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 20. Learning Anti-pattern #2: Retrospective Boundaries Retrospective Process Single Loop LearningDouble Loop Learning Team Off Limits! Off Limits! Teams that only operate in their sphere of control are working against the organization achieving transformational change Sphere of ControlSphere of Influence
  • 21. (No Constraints) Double Loop Learning: Improvement Kata Vision Current Condition Next Target Condition Obstacle Obstacle Obstacle Questioning Beliefs and Assumptions troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 22. Improvement Kata Real-World Example Now: Releases are chaotic and cost too much in multiple ways (time, stress, $, customer impact). Vision: Ability to release value as quickly and frequently as needed, in a sustainable manner. Next Target Condition: Merge to trunk when User Story is done. Obstacle: Some of the team members believe in longer running branches… Questioning Assumptions/Beliefs troytuttle #kcdc2018
  • 23. Learning IS The Constraint ”Learning is not compulsory... neither is survival.” - W. Edwards Deming Things I do … troy@kanflow.comLeanAgileKC.com meetup.com/LAKCLeanCoffee kc.agilehood.org @troytuttle linkedin.com/in/troytuttle