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Learn Big Data & Hadoop
The document provides an overview of Edureka's Hadoop course, detailing weekly topics such as big data, HDFS, and data analytics tools like Pig and Hive, along with practical assignments and project work. It emphasizes the importance of big data across industries, showcasing its implications for competition and operational efficiency. Additionally, it outlines the Hadoop ecosystem, its core components, and its advantages in processing large datasets.
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Learn Big Data & Hadoop
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- 2. www.edureka.in/hadoop How It Works… LIVE classes Class recordings Module wise Quizzes, Coding Assignments 24x7 on-demand technical support Project work on large Datasets Online certification exam Lifetime access to the Learning Management System Complimentary Java Classes
- 3. www.edureka.in/hadoop Course Topics Week1 – Understanding Big Data – Introduction to HDFS Week 2 – Playing around with Cluster – Data loading Techniques Week 3 – Map-Reduce Basics, types and formats – Use-cases for Map-Reduce Week 4 – Analytics using Pig – Understanding Pig Latin Week 5 – Analytics using Hive – Understanding HIVE QL Week 6 – NoSQL Databases – Understanding HBASE Week 7 – Data loading Techniques in Hbase – Zookeeper Week 8 – Real world Datasets and Analysis – Hadoop Project Environment
- 4. www.edureka.in/hadoop What Is BigData? Lots of Data(Terabytes or Petabytes) Systems / Enterprises generate huge amount of data from Terabytes to and even Petabytes of information. A airline jet collects 10 terabytes of sensor data for every 30 minutes of flying time. NYSE generates about one terabyte of new trade data per day to Perform stock trading analytics to determine trends for optimal trades.
- 5. www.edureka.in/hadoop Facebook Example Facebookusers spend 10.5 billion minutes (almost 20,000 years) online on the social network. Facebook has an average of 3.2 billion likes and comments are posted every day.
- 6. www.edureka.in/hadoop Twitter Example Twitterhas over 500 million registered users. The USA, whose 141.8 million accounts represents 27.4 percent of all Twitter users, good enough to finish well ahead of Brazil, Japan, the UK and Indonesia. 79% of US Twitter users are more like to recommend brands they follow . 67% of US Twitter users are more likely to buy from brands they follow . 57% of all companies that use social media for business use Twitter.
- 7. www.edureka.in/hadoop IBM’s Definition IBM’sdefinition – Big Data Characteristics http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigdata/
- 8. www.edureka.in/hadoop Estimated GlobalData Volume: 2011: 1.8 ZB 2015: 7.9 ZB The world's information doubles every two years Over the next 10 years: The number of servers worldwide will grow by 10x Amount of information managed by enterprise data centers will grow by 50x Number of “files” enterprise data center handle will grow by 75x Source: http://www.emc.com/leadership/programs/digital-universe.htm, which was based on the 2011 IDC Digital Universe Study Data Volume Is Growing Exponentially
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- 10. www.edureka.in/hadoop Common Big DataCustomer Scenarios Industry/Vertical Scenarios Financial Services Modeling True Risk Threat Analysis Fraud Detection Trade Surveillance Credit Scoring And Analysis Web & E-Tailing Recommendation Engines Ad Targeting Search Quality Abuse and Click Fraud Detection Retail Point of sales Transaction Analysis Customer Churn Analysis Sentiment Analysis
- 11. www.edureka.in/hadoop Industry/Vertical Scenarios Telecommunications Customer Churn Prevention Network Performance Optimization Call Detail Record (CDR) Analysis Analyzing Network to Predict Failure Government Fraud Detection And Cyber Security General (Cross Vertical) ETL & Processing Engine Common Big Data Customer Scenarios (Contd.)
- 12. www.edureka.in/hadoop Hidden Treasure Insightinto data can provide Business Advantage. Some key early indicators can mean Fortunes to Business. More Precise Analysis with more data.
- 13. www.edureka.in/hadoop What Big CompaniesHave To Say… “Analyzing Big Data sets will become a key basis for competition.” “Leaders in every sector will have to grapple the implications of Big Data.” McKinsey Gartner Forrester Research “Big Data analytics are rapidly emerging as the preferred solution to business and technology trends that are disrupting.” “Enterprises should not delay implementation of Big Data Analytics.” “Use Hadoop to gain a competitive advantage over more risk-averse enterprises.” “Prioritize Big Data projects that might benefit from Hadoop.”
- 14. www.edureka.in/hadoop Limitations of ExistingData Analytics Architecture
- 15. www.edureka.in/hadoop Solution: A CombinedStorage Computer Layer
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- 17. www.edureka.in/hadoop Some Of theHadoop Users
- 18. www.edureka.in/hadoop Hadoop Users –In Detail http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/PoweredBy
- 19. www.edureka.in/hadoop Hadoop Users –In Detail http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/PoweredBy
- 20. www.edureka.in/hadoop Read 1 TBData 10 Machines 4 I/O Channels Each Channel – 100 MB/s 4 I/O Channels Each Channel – 100 MB/s 1 Machine Why DFS?
- 21. www.edureka.in/hadoop 10 Machines 4I/O Channels Each Channel – 100 MB/s 4 I/O Channels Each Channel – 100 MB/s 1 Machine Read 1 TB Data 45 Minutes Why DFS?
- 22. www.edureka.in/hadoop 4.5 Minutes45 Minutes 10Machines 4 I/O Channels Each Channel – 100 MB/s 4 I/O Channels Each Channel – 100 MB/s 1 Machine Read 1 TB Data Why DFS?
- 23. www.edureka.in/hadoop Apache Hadoopis a framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity computers using a simple programming model. It is an Open-source Data Management with scale-out storage & distributed processing. What Is Hadoop?
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- 25. www.edureka.in/hadoop Hadoop History Doug Cutting& Mike Cafarella started working on Nutch NY Times converts 4TB of Image archives over 100 EC2s Fastest sort of a TB, 62secs over 1,460 nodes Sorted a PB in 16.25hours Over 3.658 nodes Fastest sort of a TB, 3.5mins over 910 nodes Doug Cutting adds DFS & MapReduce support to Nutch Google publishes GFS & MapReduce papers Yahoo! hires Cutting, Hadoop spins out of Nutch Facebook launches Hive: SQL Support for Hadoop Doug Cutting Joins Cloudera Hadoop Summit 2009, 750 attendees Founded
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- 27. www.edureka.in/hadoop HDFS –Hadoop Distributed File System (Storage) Distributed across “nodes” Natively redundant NameNode tracks locations. MapReduce (Processing) Splits a task across processors “near” the data & assembles results Self-Healing, High Bandwidth Clustered storage Hadoop Core Components
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- 30. www.edureka.in/hadoop NameNode: masterof the system maintains and manages the blocks which are present on the DataNodes DataNodes: slaves which are deployed on each machine and provide the actual storage responsible for serving read and write requests for the clients Main Components Of HDFS
- 31. www.edureka.in/hadoop Secondary NameNode: Not a hot standby for the NameNode Connects to NameNode every hour* Housekeeping, backup of NemeNode metadata Saved metadata can build a failed NameNode You give me metadata every hour, I will make it secure Single Point Failure Secondary NameNode NameNode metadata metadata Secondary NameNode
- 32. www.edureka.in/hadoop NameNode Metadata Meta-datain Memory The entire metadata is in main memory No demand paging of FS meta-data Types of Metadata List of files List of Blocks for each file List of DataNode for each block File attributes, e.g. access time, replication factor A Transaction Log Records file creations, file deletions. etc
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- 36. www.edureka.in/hadoop Anatomy of AFile Write
- 37. www.edureka.in/hadoop Anatomy of AFile Read
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- 39. www.edureka.in/hadoop Big Data –It’s about Scale And Structure Structured Data Types Multi and Unstructured Limited, No Data Processing Processing Processing coupled with Data Standards & Structured Governance Loosely Structured Required On write Schema Required On Read Reads are Fast Speed Writes are Fast Software License Cost Support Only Known Entity Resources Growing, Complexities, Wide Interactive OLAP Analytics Complex ACID Transactions Operational Data Store Best Fit Use Data Discovery Processing Unstructured Data Massive Storage/Processing RDBMSRDBMS EDW MPP NoSQL HADOOP
- 40. www.edureka.in/hadoop Attempt thefollowing Assignments using the documents present in the LMS: Hadoop Installation - Cloudera CDH3 Execute Linux Basic Commands Execute HDFS Hands On Assignments
- 41. Thank You See Youin Class Next Week
Editor's Notes
- #17 Accessible: Hadoop runs on large clusters of commodity machines or cloud computing services such as Amazon EC2Robust: Since Hadoop can run on commodity cluster, its designed with the assumption of frequent hardware failure, it can gracefully handle such failure and computation don’t stop because of few failed devices / systemsScalable:Hadoop scales linearly to handle large data by adding more slave nodes to the clusterSimple : Its easy to write efficient parallel programming with Hadoop
- #37 Data transferred from DataNode to MapTask process. DBlk is the file data block; CBlk is the file checksum block. File data are transferred to the client through Java niotransferTo (aka UNIX sendfilesyscall). Checksum data are first fetched to DataNode JVM buffer, and then pushed to the client (details are not shown). Both file data and checksum data are bundled in an HDFS packet (typically 64KB) in the format of: {packet header | checksum bytes | data bytes}.2. Data received from the socket are buffered in a BufferedInputStream, presumably for the purpose of reducing the number of syscalls to the kernel. This actually involves two buffer-copies: first, data are copied from kernel buffers into a temporary direct buffer in JDK code; second, data are copied from the temporary direct buffer to the byte[] buffer owned by the BufferedInputStream. The size of the byte[] in BufferedInputStream is controlled by configuration property "io.file.buffer.size", and is default to 4K. In our production environment, this parameter is customized to 128K.3. Through the BufferedInputStream, the checksum bytes are saved into an internal ByteBuffer (whose size is roughly (PacketSize / 512 * 4) or 512B), and file bytes (compressed data) are deposited into the byte[] buffer supplied by the decompression layer. Since the checksum calculation requires a full 512 byte chunk while a user's request may not be aligned with a chunk boundary, a 512B byte[] buffer is used to align the input before copying partial chunks into user-supplied byte[] buffer. Also note that data are copied to the buffer in 512-byte pieces (as required by FSInputChecker API). Finally, all checksum bytes are copied to a 4-byte array for FSInputChecker to perform checksum verification. Overall, this step involves an extra buffer-copy.4. The decompression layer uses a byte[] buffer to receive data from the DFSClient layer. The DecompressorStream copies the data from the byte[] buffer to a 64K direct buffer, calls the native library code to decompress the data and stores the uncompressed bytes in another 64K direct buffer. This step involves two buffer-copies.5.LineReader maintains an internal buffer to absorb data from the downstream. From the buffer, line separators are discovered and line bytes are copied to form Text objects. This step requires two buffer-copies.The client creates the file by calling create() on Distributed FileSystem (step 1). Distributed FileSystem makes an RPC call to the namenode to create a new file in the filesystem’s namespace, with no blocks associated with it (step 2). The namenode performs various checks to make sure the file doesn’t already exist, and that the client has the right permissions to create the file.
- #38 The client opens the file it wishes to read by calling open() on the FileSystemobject,which for HDFS is an instance of DFS(step 1).DistributedFileSystem calls the namenode, using RPC, to determine the locations of the blocks for the first few blocks in the File (step 2). For each block, the namenode returns the addresses of the datanodes that have a copy of that block
- #41 PIG is procedural and SQL is declarative.While fields within a SQL record must be atomic (contain one single value), fields within a PIG tuple can be multi-valued, e.g. a collection of another PIG tuples, or a map with key be an atomic data and value be anything.Unlike SQL query where the input data need to be physically loaded into the DB tables, PIG extract the data from its original data sources directly during execution.PIG is lazily executed. It use a backtracking mechanism from its "store" statement to determine which statement needs to be executed.