This chapter introduces the topic of leadership by outlining the learning objectives which are to understand the different definitions of leadership, the controversies around distinguishing leadership from management, the challenges in assessing leadership effectiveness, and the aspects of leadership that have been most studied. It also provides an overview of how the book is organized by outlining the major leadership approaches that will be covered.

1. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-1
Introduction: The Nature of Leadership

2. After Studying this Chapter you should be
able to:
 Understand the different ways leadership has
been defined.
 Understand the controversy about differences
between leadership and management.
 Understand why it is so difficult to assess
leadership effectiveness.
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-2

3.  Understand the indicators used to assess
leadership effectiveness
 Understand what aspects of leadership have
been studied the most during the past 50 years.
 Understand the organization of this book.
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-3

4. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-4
Understand the different ways
leadership has been defined

5.  “Always, it seems, the concept of leadership
eludes us or turns up in another form to taunt
us again with its slipperiness and complexity.
So we have invented an endless proliferation of
terms to deal with it…and still the concept is
not sufficiently defined.”
 Bennis (1959)
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-5

6.  Specialized role or shared influence process
 Type of influence process
 Purpose of influence attempts
 Influence based on reason or emotions
 Direct versus indirect leadership
 Leadership versus management
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-6

7. “Leadership is the process of
influencing others to understand and
agree about what needs to be done
and how to do it, and the process of
facilitating individual and collective
efforts to accomplish shared
objectives.”
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-7

8. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-8
Understand the controversy about
differences between leadership
and management

9.  Leaders and managers as qualitatively different
and mutually exclusive types of people
 Leading and managing as different roles or
processes
 Leading as an influence relationship and
managing as an authority relationship
 Integrative approach
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations
1-9

10. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-10
Understand why it is so difficult
to assess leadership effectiveness

11.  Many different indicators
 Immediate and delayed outcomes
 Stakeholders with different preferences
 Different conceptions of leadership
 Development of a composite measure
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-11

12. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-12
Understand the different
indicators used to assess
leadership effectiveness

13.  High group performance
 Follower satisfaction
 Improved group processes
 Career success of leader
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-13

14. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-14
Understand what aspects of
leadership have been studied the
most over the last 50 years

15.  Type of variable emphasized
 Type of leader characteristic
 Level of Conceptualization
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-15

16.  Characteristics of the Leader
 Characteristics of the Follower
 Characteristics of the Situation
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17.  Trait Approach
 Behavior Approach
 Power-Influence Approach
 Situational Approach
 Integrative Approach
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-17

18.  Intra-individual process
 Dyadic process
 Group process
 Organizational process
 Multi-level theories
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19.  Leader-centered versus follower-
centered
 Universal versus contingency
 Descriptive versus prescriptive
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-19

20. Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-20
Understand the organization of
this book

21.  Behavior Approach
 Trait Approach
 Situational Approach
 Power and Influence Approach
Copyright© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Leadership in Organizations 1-21

22.  Dyadic level
 Group level
 Organizational level
 Multiple levels
 Summary of Major Findings
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