The document discusses climate-smart agriculture focusing on a Combined Food and Energy (CFE) system that integrates food, fodder, and biomass production on 11.1 hectares. It emphasizes the sustainability and economic value of ecosystem services, highlighting the CFE's potential to achieve fossil energy neutrality while providing essential agricultural outputs. The presentation advocates for a holistic assessment of economic, social, and ecological factors in fostering a sustainable society.

1. Climate Smart Agriculture for Food, Energy
and Ecosystem Service
Bhim Bahadur Ghaley
John Roy Porter
Department of Agriculture and Ecology
Faculty of Life Sciences
University of Copenhagen
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Slide 1

2. Combined Food and Energy system (CFE)
! Objectives
! Multifunctional cropping system
! Organic management
! Integrated production of food, energy and ecosystem serbvice
! Fossil energy neutral agro-ecosystem
• Components of CFE
• Food – wheat/barley/oat
• Fodder – Clover with rye grass
• Trees - willow/alder/hazel nut
• Area coverage is 11.1 hectare
• 10.1 hectare of food/fodder
• 1 hectare of biomass/biofuel belts
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Slide 2

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Slide 3

4. Birds eye view of the CFE system
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Slide 4

5. SustainabilityBiomass
evaluation belts
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Slide 5

6. Yield trends in CFE over time (2002-2011)
Spring barley winter wheat
8
Kg grain (x10 3) ha -1
4
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Years
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Slide 6

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Slide 7

8. Economic Values of Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem USD ha-1 y
-1
services
Biological pest 7
control
170
Net ecosystem service
30%
Nitrogen 294
value (USD x10 )
9
fixation/ 20%
mineralisation
160 10%
Soil formation 13
Food and fodder 329
production 150
Biomass 60
production
Carbon 34
140
accumulation Current CFE
Hydrological 77
flow Land use scenarios in EU 25
Aesthetics 213
Pollination 47
Total value 1074
NMV/ESV unit, occasion etc.
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Slide 8
0.64

9. Share of emergy sources in CFE and wheat
120
Wheat CFE
Sej ha -1y -1(x10 14)
80
40
0
Renewable Non-renewable Purchased
Emergy sources
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Slide 9

10. 1.0
Sustainability evaluation
0.5
ELR = Environmental loading ratio
ESI = Environmental sustainability index EFR = Emergy footprint ratio 0.0
ESI
30 wheat
CFE
15
0
% Renewable ELR EFR
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Slide 10
Emergy indices

11. Take-home messages
€ Ecosystem services are integral to the
ecological sustainability and the economic
prosperity
€ Conventional human ‘engineered’
ecosystems have resulted in adverse
impacts on the ecosystems
€ A renewed perspective towards a
sustainable society
€ Need for holistic accounting for economic,
social and ecological costs
€ CFE-system has potential to produce food,
fodder & energy sustainably
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Slide 11