This document discusses diversity using the four layers model: personality, internal dimensions, external dimensions, and organizational dimensions. It summarizes research showing disparities in breastfeeding rates based on ethnicity and socioeconomic factors (internal dimensions). Barriers to breastfeeding discussed include lack of support from male partners and work/family conflicts (external dimensions). The document also describes successful programs run by WIC to promote breastfeeding among minority groups using incentives, peer support, and culturally-tailored campaigns.
What drives and constrains effective leadership in tackling child undernutrit...Transform Nutrition
What drives and constrains effective leadership in tackling child undernutrition? Findings from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Kenya.
By Nick Nisbett, Institute of Development Studies
APCRSHR10 Virtual plenary presentation by Dr Suchitra Dalvie of Asia Safe Abo...CNS www.citizen-news.org
This is the plenary presentation by Dr Suchitra Dalvie, coordinator of Asia Safe Abortion Partnership, which took place as part of 8th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (APCRSHR10) Virtual, on 28th September 2020, on the theme of "Safe abortion and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific". 28 September is also observed as International Safe Abortion Day.
C H A I R
Amy Williamson, Country Director, Marie Stopes International, Cambodia
P L E N A R Y S P E A K E R S
* Dr Suchitra Dalvie, coordinator, Asia Safe Abortion Partnership (ASAP) | "Abortion and Reproductive Justice: The Unfinished Revolution"
* Sivananthi Thanenthiran, Executive Director, ARROW | "Right to Safe Abortion: putting women at the centre of the discourse and practice"
A B S T R A C T P R E S E N T E R S
* Katherine Gambir | Is Self-Administered Medical Abortion as Effective as Provider-Administered Medical Abortion? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
* Aryanty Riznawaty Imma | Challenges in Recording Abortion Related Complications at Health Facilities in Setting Where Abortion is Highly Restricted
* Dr Yaghoob Foroutan | Abortion’s Patterns and Determinants in Iran: Attitudinal Dynamics
* Maria Persson | A Qualitative Study on Healthcare Providers’ Experiences of Providing Comprehensive Abortion Care in the Humanitarian Setting in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
For more information on this session go to www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual8
#SRHR #sexualhealth #reproductiverights #familyplanning #womenshealth #genderequality #SDGs #abortion #MyAbortionMyHealth #28Sept #InternationalSafeAbortionDay #SafeAbortion #BodilyAutonomy
What drives and constrains effective leadership in tackling child undernutrit...Transform Nutrition
What drives and constrains effective leadership in tackling child undernutrition? Findings from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Kenya.
By Nick Nisbett, Institute of Development Studies
APCRSHR10 Virtual plenary presentation by Dr Suchitra Dalvie of Asia Safe Abo...CNS www.citizen-news.org
This is the plenary presentation by Dr Suchitra Dalvie, coordinator of Asia Safe Abortion Partnership, which took place as part of 8th session of 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive and Sexual Health and Rights (APCRSHR10) Virtual, on 28th September 2020, on the theme of "Safe abortion and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific". 28 September is also observed as International Safe Abortion Day.
C H A I R
Amy Williamson, Country Director, Marie Stopes International, Cambodia
P L E N A R Y S P E A K E R S
* Dr Suchitra Dalvie, coordinator, Asia Safe Abortion Partnership (ASAP) | "Abortion and Reproductive Justice: The Unfinished Revolution"
* Sivananthi Thanenthiran, Executive Director, ARROW | "Right to Safe Abortion: putting women at the centre of the discourse and practice"
A B S T R A C T P R E S E N T E R S
* Katherine Gambir | Is Self-Administered Medical Abortion as Effective as Provider-Administered Medical Abortion? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
* Aryanty Riznawaty Imma | Challenges in Recording Abortion Related Complications at Health Facilities in Setting Where Abortion is Highly Restricted
* Dr Yaghoob Foroutan | Abortion’s Patterns and Determinants in Iran: Attitudinal Dynamics
* Maria Persson | A Qualitative Study on Healthcare Providers’ Experiences of Providing Comprehensive Abortion Care in the Humanitarian Setting in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
For more information on this session go to www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual8
#SRHR #sexualhealth #reproductiverights #familyplanning #womenshealth #genderequality #SDGs #abortion #MyAbortionMyHealth #28Sept #InternationalSafeAbortionDay #SafeAbortion #BodilyAutonomy
Justice for Young Families: Changing the Narrative Around Adolescent ParentingYTH
From the high visibility of pregnancy prevention campaigns to popular reality shoes, we are constantly bombarded with hurtful stereotypical images of what it means to be a young parent. Join California Latinas for Reproductive Justice as we discuss how our long-term initiative, Justice for Young Families (J4YF), is shifting the narrative around pregnant and parenting youth. Society's punitive framework that blames and stigmatizes young parents fails to recognize the complex socioeconomic realities and systemic barriers Latinx youth experience. By centering the voices and experiences of young parents, our Young Parent Leaders are unapologetically carving their own space and are at the forefront of policy changes that directly impact the health and well-being of young parents across California.
This presentation is helpful for MBBS 1st year students to have basic Ideas on family health. This can be used by Masters in Public Health (MPH) students as well.
How to Have Difficult Conversations: Notes Nov 2015Dana Asbury
Slide notes from HFTN webinar "How to Have Difficult Conversations," complete with some additional context, talking points, and links to other resources.
Mary Daly, Professor, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford - Presentation of the preliminary findings “Family and Parenting Support: Analytical Framework and Key Orientations in Policy and Provision” at the Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
Justice for Young Families: Changing the Narrative Around Adolescent ParentingYTH
From the high visibility of pregnancy prevention campaigns to popular reality shoes, we are constantly bombarded with hurtful stereotypical images of what it means to be a young parent. Join California Latinas for Reproductive Justice as we discuss how our long-term initiative, Justice for Young Families (J4YF), is shifting the narrative around pregnant and parenting youth. Society's punitive framework that blames and stigmatizes young parents fails to recognize the complex socioeconomic realities and systemic barriers Latinx youth experience. By centering the voices and experiences of young parents, our Young Parent Leaders are unapologetically carving their own space and are at the forefront of policy changes that directly impact the health and well-being of young parents across California.
This presentation is helpful for MBBS 1st year students to have basic Ideas on family health. This can be used by Masters in Public Health (MPH) students as well.
How to Have Difficult Conversations: Notes Nov 2015Dana Asbury
Slide notes from HFTN webinar "How to Have Difficult Conversations," complete with some additional context, talking points, and links to other resources.
Mary Daly, Professor, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford - Presentation of the preliminary findings “Family and Parenting Support: Analytical Framework and Key Orientations in Policy and Provision” at the Expert Consultation on Family and Parenting Support, UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Florence 26-27 May 2014
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. Tutorial Outline
• Four Layers of Diversity Model
• Focus on External and Organizational
Dimensions
• Disparities in Breastfeeding
• Ethnic and economic
• Barriers to Breastfeeding
3. Learning Objectives
Understand the complexity of diversity
including its less visible aspects
Introduction to the last two layers of
diversity
Review of ethnic and economic disparities
and barriers to breastfeeding
4. 3. External dimensions: these include aspects of our lives which we
have some control over, which might change over time, and
which usually form the basis for decisions on careers and work
styles. This layer often determines, in part, with whom we
develop friendships and what we do for work. This layer also tells
us much about whom we like to be with, and decisions we make
in hiring, promotions, etc., at work.
4. Organizational Dimensions: this layer concerns the aspects of
culture found in a work setting. While much attention of diversity
efforts is focused on the internal dimensions, issues of
preferential treatment and opportunities for development or
promotion are impacted by the aspects of this layer.
Layers of Diversity
6. Personality
Includes individual’s likes and dislikes, values, and beliefs. Personality is shaped
early in life and is both influenced by, and influences, the other three layers throughout one’s
lifetime and career choices
Internal Dimensions
These include aspects of diversity over which we have no control (except physical
ability which can change voluntarily or involuntarily). This dimension is the layer in which
many divisions between and among people exist and which forms the core of many diversity
efforts, These dimensions include the first thing we see in other people, such as race or
gender and on which we make many assumptions and base judgments.
External dimensions
These include aspects of our lives which we have some control over, which might
change over time, and which usually form the basis for decisions on careers and work styles.
This layer often determines, in part, with whom we develop friendships and what we do for
work. This layer also tells us much about whom we like to be with, and decisions we make in
hiring, promotions, etc., at work.
Organizational Dimensions
This layer concerns the aspects of culture found in a work setting. While much
attention of diversity efforts is focused on the internal dimensions, issues of preferential
treatment and opportunities for development or promotion are impacted by the aspects of this
layer.
The Four Layers of Diversity
7. • Breastfeeding rates are lower among younger,
less-educated, primiparous (given birth to only
one child), single, and lower-income mothers
• The highest rates of breastfeeding initiation and
continuation (6 months) are found among
Hispanic women (40%), compared with White
(37%) and African American mothers (20%)
Ethnic and Economic Differences
in Breastfeeding in the United
States
8. • Geographic isolation, few economic resources,
and limited access to health care are factors that
may influence women’s feeding decisions
• Male opinion within the family can also have a
strong influence on initiation and duration of
breastfeeding.
Some Other Factors to Consider
Regarding Breastfeeding in
Different Populations
9. • Lower rates of breastfeeding initiation and
exclusivity than national rates
• Some reasons for choosing not to breastfeed
• Return to work
• Lack of breastfeeding assistance
• WIC participation
• Food packages often include infant
formula
Barriers to Breastfeeding in Rural
Populations
10. • Father’s opinion has been identified as one of
the most important factors that influence
mothers when deciding to breastfeed
• Some reasons why men advise their partners
not to breastfeed
Disapproval of their partner’s breastfeeding in
public
Objectification of the breast as an erotic, sexual
object
Jealousy
Misconceptions
Male Population
11. Culture and Breastfeeding
Elements of Culture
Social relationships
Human nature
◦ Innately good or bad
Time
◦ Natural flow of events,
◦ Scheduling and planning
◦ Respect for past traditions
Social stratification
◦ Classes, socio-economic levels
Cultural complexity
◦ How one interacts with her
culture
Culture of Breastfeeding
Nursling nature
◦ Good, bad, manipulative
Timing of breastfeeding
◦ Finding opportune times
to breastfeed
Mother- Nursling relationship
Activity
◦ Being able to perform
other activities and not
spending too much time
breastfeeding
12. Applying the
Culture of
Breastfeeding
Nurslings’ Nature
◦ Promotes independence of a child,
tries not to spoil
Timing of Breastfeeding
◦ Breastfeeding not supported at work
◦ Time management, keeping a child
on a schedule
Activity
◦ Active culture, always seeking to
accomplish something
◦ Mothering is not always viewed as an
accomplishment
The cultural elements of
breastfeeding change
dependent on the
culture of the mother
and child.
The example shows
some of the cultural
elements of
breastfeeding as they
relate to mainstream
American culture.
Mainstream American Culture
13. Applying the
Culture of
Breastfeeding
Teen views of
breastfeeding
◦ Embarrassment of
feeding in public
◦ Limit their activities.
Breastfeeding will “tie
them down.”
◦ Will cause the child to
be too dependant on
the mother and lead
to problems later in
life.
An article by Nelson
(2009) looks at American
teenagers views of
breastfeeding.
These ideas about
breastfeeding that fit into
the categories discussed
on the previous slide.
13
14. Goals for Healthcare Workers in
Breastfeeding
Validating mother’s views and opinions
Normalizing the breastfeeding experience
Respecting Cultural Distress
◦ Recognizing how breastfeeding may conflict with cultural
beliefs and finding ways to mitigate those challenges
Creating community through peer support
Accommodating Coping Style
◦ Individualistic vs. collective
◦ Recognizing and adapting to the coping style
15. Practices That Work
• Incentives for breastfeeding mothers
• Loving Support Project
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Case
Study
16. Women, Infants and Children
Although research by Chin, Myers and Magnus
(2008) associated participation in WIC with
lower rates of breastfeeding, WIC has
initiated a strong campaign to promote
breastfeeding.
The following highlight the practices WIC uses
to promote breastfeeding among minority
populations. Their methods include:
incentives, peer support, and targeted
cultural campaigning.
17. WIC Incentives
By using
incentives, WIC
promotes
breastfeeding
and offers
support for
mothers who
face financial
challenges or
work-related
barriers
WIC mothers choosing to breastfeed are
provided information through
counseling and breastfeeding
educational materials.
Breastfeeding mothers receive follow-
up support through peer counselors.
Breastfeeding mothers are eligible to
participate in WIC longer than non-
breastfeeding mothers.
Mothers who exclusively breastfeed their
infants receive an enhanced food
package.
Breastfeeding mothers can receive
breast pumps, breast shells or
nursing supplements to help support
the initiation and continuation of
breastfeeding
18. WIC “Loving
Support Makes
Breastfeeding
Work”
Campaign
• Campaign sponsored by WIC
and Best Start Social Marketing
• Used to promote breastfeeding
in States
• Provides information on how
other states have successfully
implemented or expanded peer
support breast feeding programs
• Provides information about
training workers
This document created by
WIC shares the successes
of several States WIC
supported breastfeeding
peer counseling programs.
Click the link below to
access the document.
Breastfeeding Peer Support – Implementation
and Expansion Resource
http://www.nal.usda.gov/wicworks/Learning
_Center/bfshowcase.pdf
19. Breastfeeding: A
Magical Bond of Love
• WIC initiative specifically
designed to promote
breastfeeding in Hispanic
families
• Created from a study that
looked at the perceptions
that Hispanic women have
of breastfeeding in the
United States
• Provides educational
materials for mothers,
fathers, and grandmothers
in English and Spanish
http://www.nal.usda.gov/wicworks/Learning_Center/support_bond.html
20. Promotional Videos
Video by Mississippi
WIC is highly
representative of
minority populations in
the state
Highlight minorities
populations
breastfeeding
◦ Teenage mothers
◦ Single mothers
◦ Black, Hispanic and Asian
mothers
http://vimeo.com/13649529
21. Review Questions
1. According to the Four Layers Model, why is the
organizational dimension important to address
when discussing diversity?
2. Ethnic and Economic factors of breastfeeding fall
under which layer(s) of diversity?
3. Why is it important to address the male perception
of breastfeeding? Which layer(s) of diversity do you
feel a woman may be affected by it?
4. Review the WIC case study. What makes it a
successful program?
22. References
Amelio, R. (2012). The four layers of diversity. Color Magazine. Retrieved from
http://www.colormagazineusa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21
9:the-four-layers-of-diversity&catid=46:business
Benefits & Incentives. (2012). Food & Nutrition Services (USDA). Retrieved from
http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/Breastfeeding/mainpage.HTM
Flower, K., Willoughby, M., Cadigan, R., Perrin, E., & Randolph, G. (2008). Understanding
breastfeeding initiation and continuation in rural communities: a combined
qualitative/quantitative approach. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 12(3): 402-414
Good-Mojab, C., (2000). The cultural art of breastfeeding. Leaven, 36(5): 87-91. Retrieved
from http://www.llli.org/llleaderweb/LV/LVOctNov00p87.html
Henderson, L., McMillan, B., Green, J.M., & Renfrew. M.J. (2011). Men and Infant Feeding:
Perceptions of Embarrassment, Sexuality, and Social Conduct in White Low-Income
British Men. Birth, 38:1.
Kelly, Y.J., Watt, R. G., & Nazroo, J.Y. (2006). Racial/Ethnic differences in breastfeeding
initiation and continuation in the united kingdom and comparison with findings in the
united states. Pediatrics, 118(5): 1428-1435.
Mississippi State Department of Health. Breastfeeding: another way of saying ‘I love you’.
Retrieved from http://vimeo.com/13649529
National WIC Association. (2006). Implementing and expanding breastfeeding peer
counseling programs: sharing WIC success stories and experiences. 2006 Nutrition and
Breastfeeding Conference. Retrieved from http://www.nal.usda.gov/wicworks/Learning
_Center/bfshowcase.pdf
Nelson, A.M. (2009). Adolescent attitudes, beliefs, and concerns regarding breastfeeding.
MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs, 34(4):249-55.
Editor's Notes
Source: Color Magazine. http://www.colormagazineusa.com/
Source: Kelly, Y.J., Watt, R. G., & Nazroo, J.Y. (2006). Racial/Ethnic differences in breastfeeding initiation and continuation in the united kingdom and comparison with findings in the united states. Pediatrics, 118(5): 1428-1435.
Rural populations are more likely to be poor, lack health insurance, and have limited access to hospital-based services, when compared to their urban counterparts
Source: Flower, K., Willoughby, M., Cadigan, R., Perrin, E., & Randolph, G. (2008). Understanding breastfeeding initiation and continuation in rural communities: a combined qualitative/quantitative approach. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 12(3), 402-414
Some reasons why men advise their partners not to breastfeed: information gathered from focus group with young, white, low-income English men…
Disapproval of their partners breastfeeding in public:
- Sexual interest of other men
- Fears about being required to protect their partner from unwanted attention
- Embarrassment
Objectification of the breast as an erotic, sexual object:
- Fear that breastfeeding may represent and obstacle to their sexual intimacy
Jealousy:
Feel that formula feeding is the only way that they can get involved with infant feeding
Misconceptions:
Perception that breastfeeding can trigger cancer
Cancer can be passed from the mother to her baby
Perceived negative impact on women’s breast shape
Source: Henderson, McMillan, Green, & Renfrew. Men and Infant Feeding: Perceptions of Embarrassment, Sexuality, and Social Conduct in White Low-Income British Men. Birth, 2011: 38:1.