2017 CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference presentation: Pavement performance hinges on field compaction. What are the best practices in achieving proper compaction?

1. The CaliforniaAsphalt Pavement Association
October 25-26, 2017
2017 Fall Conference; Doubletree Hotel, Sacramento , CA

2. Promoting
Learning
Advocating
Networking
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2013 Utah Asphalt Conference; Sandy UT - March 27-28, 2013

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We are ENGINEERS
HOW do we make it happen!!!

5. 2013 Utah Asphalt Conference; Sandy UT - March 27-28, 2013

6. 2013 Utah Asphalt Conference; Sandy UT - March 27-28, 2013

7.  What is Compaction?
 Performance Requires Proper Compaction
 Keys to Compaction
 Quality Control
 Summary
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11.  “to join or pack closely
together; consolidate;
condense.”
– dictionary.com
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14.  1% change of in-place
density = 10% change
in performance life!!!
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15. Mix Characteristics
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17.  Nominal maximum
size: “one sieve size
larger than the first
sieve to retain more
than 10 percent of the
material” - NAPA
 t/NMAS
 3:1 minimum
 4:1 optimal
 5:1 very coarse mixes
 6:1 adjust thickness or
mix type
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Data:
NCAT

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NCAT - Brown and
Heitzman 2013

20.  Permeability in a coarse
dense-graded 12.5mm
Superpave surface mix
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21.  What happens when mix voids change?
 Higher?
 Lower?
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22. Temperatures
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23.  Compact at the
highest temperature
possible!!
 What is that
Temperature?
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24.  Does the mix have
tender zones?
 What temperature
range should we avoid
compactive effort?
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25. 3 Inch Lift
50°F Air &
Surface Temp
300°F Mix
Delivery temp
44 min to
complete
compaction
operations
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26. 1” - Lift
50°F - Air &
Surface Temp
300°F - Mix
Delivery temp
7 minutes to
complete
compaction
operations
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27. Existing Pavement Structure
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29. If there is surface
cracking or rutting due to
plastic movement of the
mix, the entire surface
should be milled
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30. Laydown Process
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Data: MNDOT

37. RollingOperations
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 What drum width is
right for the project?

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40. Key considerations for
optimizing roller
operations:
 Frequency
 Amplitude
 Speed
 Passes
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Widthofmat
Pass1
Pass 2
Pass 3
Pass 4
This is a 5 pass pattern that
provides 2 complete coverages.

47.  Conduct trial section to
determine appropriate
equipment setup and
rolling pattern to
achieve target
densities.
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MIX PROD SCREED BREAK INTER FINISH
Trial 1 325F 290F 280F 250F 200F
Trial 2 290F 250F 240F 190F 135F
MIX AVG (%) BREAK INTER FINISH
Trial 1 93.2 4V 4V 2V
Trial 2 94.1 2V 4V 2S
Temperature
Density

49. Contractor QC Inspection
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50.  Monitor Operations:
 Temps
 Density
 Rolling pattern
 Mix properties
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53. IntelligentCompaction (IC)
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54.  “Intelligent compaction (IC) is an innovative
pavement construction technology that
equips conventional rollers with
instrumentation that is used to monitor and
control the material compaction process.”
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55.  “…ensures that the target properties of the
layer are more uniform and are more
efficiently achieved.”
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56.  GPS Positioning
 Passes
 Location
 Temperature
 ICMV
 Real-Time Graphical
Interface
 Data Analysis
 “…ensures that the
target properties of the
layer are more uniform
and are more
efficiently achieved.”
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58.  “…ensures that the target properties of the
layer are more uniform and are more
efficiently achieved.”
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59.  1.The primary conclusion that can be drawn from the FHWA/TPR
study is that IC is very effective for achieving the target level of
HMA compaction while at the same time increasing the uniformity
of the material.
 2.The IC roller demonstrations provided proof that IC rollers could
track roller passes, monitor HMA surface temperature, and report
an ICMV that the operator could use to better control the
compaction process.
 5. IC equipment can be used effectively to develop compaction
curves and to determine the optimum number of roller passes.
 6.The correlation studies show correlation between the ICMVs
and in-situ measurements, including HMA density (from nuclear
and non-nuclear density gauges) and certain deflection-based
parameters i.e., normalized maximum deflection and layer
modulus. However, there is considerable variability in the
correlations.
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60. RollingTowards Performance
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 Establish the targets
 Identify the equipment
setup, the pattern, and
the monitoring
schedule.
 Identify control and
action limits
 Identify actions to
reestablish target

62. What contributes to
success?
 Mix quality
 Temperatures
(ambient & mix
 Existing structure
 Equipment setup
 Rolling Pattern
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63. COMMUNICATION UNIFORMITY
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64. Brandon Milar, P.E.
Technical Director
CaliforniaAsphalt PavementAssociation
916-995-0086
bmilar@calapa.net
www.calapa.net
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