7. USES Functional constipation Bedridden patients To avoid straining at stools After anthelmintics Food/Drug Poisoning Preparation of bowel for surgery, colonoscopy, abdominal x-ray
9. Acute Diarrhoea Sudden onset in a previously healthy person Lasts from 3 days to 2 weeks Self-limiting Chronic Diarrhoea Lasts for more than 3 weeks Associated with recurring passage of diarrheal stools, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and chronic weakness
11. Treatment -T/t of fluid depletion and acidosis -Maintenance of nutrition -Drug therapy
12. Composition of i.v fluid Nacl 85mM=5g KCl 13mM=1g NaHCO 3 48mM=4g In 1L of water or 5%glucose solution
13. Composition of ORS Nacl 60mM=3.5g KCl 20mM=1.5g Trisodium citrate 30mM=2.9g Glucose 110mM=20g To be dissolved in 1L of water
14.
15. Absorbants Coat the walls of the GI tract Bind to the causative bacteria or toxin, which is then eliminated through the stool Examples: bismuth subsalicylate ( Pepto-Bismol ), kaolin-pectin, activated charcoal, attapulgite ( Kaopectate )
16. SIDE EFFECTS Constipation, dark stools Confusion, twitching Hearing loss, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums
17. Antisecretory Decrease intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis of GI tract Result: slowing the movement of fecal matter through the GI tract Examples: atropine,bismuth subsalicylate,sulfasalazine,mesalazine, octreotide
20. Antimotility/Opioids Decrease bowel motility and relieve rectal spasms Decrease transit time through the bowel, allowing more time for water and electrolytes to be absorbed Examples: codeine, loperamide, diphenoxylate-atropine
